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  • Korduner Ekroth, Johan
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS).
    A Penetration Testing Study on a Connected Vehicle: Security assessment of MG Marvel R2024Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Connected vehicles represent a transformative shift in the automotive landscape, offering unprecedented driving experiences and safety improvements through advanced communication technologies. Despite these benefits, the integration of such technologies introduces new security challenges, leaving vehicles vulnerable to cyber threats. This thesis seeks to evaluate the security status of a cutting-edge connected vehicle, the MG Marvel R, a subject that is underexplored in current research. Through rigorous penetration testing, the aim is to identify potential vulnerabilities and assess the feasibility of attacks on its connectivity features. By focusing on a highly advanced vehicle model, this thesis hopes to address a critical gap in the existing literature and contribute to understanding cybersecurity in future vehicle fleets. The findings reveal that while primitive attack vectors on the vehicle’s connectivity features are not viable, vulnerabilities exist that could allow attackers to compromise user integrity and security through the installation of malicious applications on the vehicle’s In-Vehicle Infotainment (IVI) system. These insights underscore the importance of continuing research and development efforts to strengthen the cybersecurity of connected vehicles. In a broader context, this research underscores the imperative to ensure the safety and security of connected vehicles to foster societal trust and facilitate the transition to more sustainable vehicles. With not all threats identified being evaluated, this thesis provides a good ground for future research by students at KTH.

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  • Castillo Tapia, Pilar
    et al.
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Electrical Engineering, Electromagnetic Engineering and Fusion Science.
    Flores-Espinosa, Núria
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Electrical Engineering, Electromagnetic Engineering and Fusion Science.
    Mesa, Francisco
    Department of Applied Physics 1, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain.
    Viganó, Maria Carolina
    Viasat Antenna Systems S.A., Lausanne, Switzerland.
    Quevedo-Teruel, Oscar
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Electrical Engineering, Electromagnetic Engineering and Fusion Science.
    Improving the Scanning Coverage of Array Antennas With Multilayer Lenses Designed With a Ray Tracing2024In: IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, ISSN 1536-1225, E-ISSN 1548-5757, p. 1-5Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Integrating dielectric lenses with phased array antennas can be beneficial in numerous applications, yet the design procedure typically requires significant computational effort. In this work, we employ a streamlined in-house two-dimensional ray-tracing model to design dielectric lenses, with the goal of enhancing the gain of an array antenna at large scanning angles. The ray-tracing model also accounts for losses from material absorption and reflections. The interfaces between the dielectric layers of these lenses devised in this study are defined using splines to allow a large flexibility of their shape. First, dielectric lenses consisting of a core layer supplemented by two matching layers are investigated. The results show better performance compared to the lens constructed using the conic equation. In addition, multilayer dielectric lenses also provide more flexibility, as proved by the proposed configuration with five layers which also minimizes reflections in the optimized direction. Finally, a nonuniform multilayer lens, featuring two layers on the sides and a single layer near to broadside can improve gain at 60∘ while maintaining efficiency at smaller angles.

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  • Castillo Tapia, Pilar
    et al.
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Electrical Engineering, Electromagnetic Engineering and Fusion Science.
    Rico-Fernández, José
    Northern Waves AB, Stockholm, Sweden.
    Clendinning, Sarah
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Electrical Engineering, Electromagnetic Engineering and Fusion Science.
    Mesa, Francisco
    Department of Applied Physics 1, ETS Ingeniería Informática, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain.
    Quevedo-Teruel, Oscar
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Electrical Engineering, Electromagnetic Engineering and Fusion Science.
    Evaluation of Losses in 3-D-Printed Geodesic Lenses Using a Ray-Tracing Model2024In: IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, ISSN 0018-926X, E-ISSN 1558-2221, Vol. 72, no 1, p. 234-242Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This article applies an in-house generalized ray-tracing (RT) model to efficiently compute both the radiation pattern and the efficiency of geodesic lenses with nonrotationally symmetric shapes. Losses due to ohmic effects and surface roughness are included in the model. These losses are very relevant for monolithic geodesic lens antennas as postprocessing techniques cannot be applied to reduce the surface roughness of internal part of the metallic plates. The model is validated by comparison with full-wave simulations for three different lenses: a circular flat parallel-plate waveguide (PPW), an elliptically compressed geodesic lens, and a water-drop lens. These results show a reduction in computational time by a factor of 600 using the RT model. A non-rotationally symmetric water drop lens has been manufactured in a monolithic piece using the laser powder-bed fusion (LPBF) technique with successful experimental results.

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  • Gradin, Christel
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Chemistry.
    Tracking Tau Protein Deposits for Accurate and Early Detection of Progressive Supranuclear Palsy2024Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), a neurodegenerative disorder classified as a tauopathy, continues to pose challenges for clinical diagnosis due to overlapping symptoms with subtypes and other disorders. Thus, non-invasive diagnostic approaches have been developed over the years in pursuit of more accurate and early detection of PSP and related tauopathies. A recent approach is luminescent conjugated oligothiophenes (LCOs), a novel class of fluorescent ligands reported to achieve high selectivity and sensitivity to tau protein deposits. To further distinguish tau protein deposits from other pathological features, derivatives of LCOs, such as thiophene-vinyl (TV) based ligands with distinct heterocyclic end moieties, have been investigated. In this study, the conformational changes of the TV-based ligand with pyrrolo pyridine as the heterocyclic end moiety, known as HS-335, were computationally investigated through molecular dynamics (MD) simulations in a ligand-protein system. Three candidate binding sites were identified, where van der Waals interactions predominated. The system was then limited to the binding sites and the interacting ligand to analyze the binding modes. The pyrrolo pyridine moiety was found to predominantly adopt a trans-conformation across all binding sites. Furthermore, the non-bonded interaction energies differed from those in the initial system, making the strongest interacting binding site questionable until it was subsequently confirmed by the estimated binding energies through the potential of mean force (PMF). The outcome of the study paves the way for future investigations of the spectral properties of the ligand and its application in the early diagnosis of tauopathies.

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  • Li, Boyang
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering.
    Carbon, H2, and Al2O3 recovery fromspent battery separator viapyrolysis followed by chemicalvapor deposition (CVD)2025Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The development of electric vehicles boosted the production of Li-ion batteries. With the increase in the market share of electric and hybrid vehicles, the full value chain recycling of the Li-ion battery is urgent in dealing with the waste vehicle batteries. This work reviewed the basic principle and the key components of the Li-ion battery, as well as the production and recycling processes of the Li-ion battery separator. Verified the possibility of recycling carbon, H2, and Al2O3 via pyrolysis combined with chemical vapor deposition (CVD) processes. Various process conditions, e.g., CVD temperature and catalyst/feedstock ratios, have been investigated. The results showed that more than 90 wt.% of the raw material can be recycled as carbon, gas, and Al2O3. At the CVD temperature of 900℃ and C/F ratio of 1, the hydrogen yield can reach 15.25 mmol/g. Due to the selectivity of the iron catalyst, the carbon nanotube is formed as the carbon product once the CVD temperature is beyond 800℃. In the scope of this study, the optimal condition for H2 and carbon products recycling was obtained at a CVD temperature of 900℃ and a C/F ratio of 1, corresponding to a carbon yield of 12 wt.% and an H2 yield of 15.25 mmol/g.

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  • Castellano Aguirre, Monica
    et al.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Biomedical Engineering and Health Systems, Health Informatics and Logistics.
    Rozgar Amin, Elian
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Biomedical Engineering and Health Systems, Health Informatics and Logistics.
    Identifiering av säkerhetsbrister i en Zero Trust- arkitektur genom penetrationstester2025Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    This work investigates the security of a cloud-based environment built on the Zero Trust principle. The objective is to identify vulnerabilities and analyze how well the security model can protect sensitive data and comply with legal requirements such as GDPR. Through penetration testing, the core components of the system, including GitLab and OpenVPN, were examined using tools such as Nmap and Burp Suite. The results demonstrated that the Zero Trust architecture provides a high level of security through access control and verification. Tests of SSL/TLS configurations showed compliance with modern standards, while the handling of authentication and encryption in components confirmed a high security level. Recommendations include improving logging mechanisms and regularly reviewing access policies to further reduce risks. This work contributes to building a more secure and compliant cloud architecture.

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    Identifiering av säkerhetsbrister i en Zero Trust- arkitektur genom penetrationstester
  • Spanghero, Marco
    et al.
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Computer Science, Software and Computer systems, SCS.
    Papadimitratos, Panos
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Computer Science, Network and Systems Engineering.
    Consumer INS coupled with carrier phase measurements for GNSS spoofing detection2025Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Global Navigation Satellite Systems enable precise localization and timing even for highly mobile devices, but legacy implementations provide only limited support for the new generation of security-enhanced signals. Inertial Measurement Units have proved successful in augmenting the accuracy and robustness of the GNSS-provided navigation solution, but effective navigation based on inertial techniques in denied contexts requires high-end sensors. However, commercially available mobile devices usually embed a much lower-grade inertial system. To counteract an attacker transmitting all the adversarial signals from a single antenna, we exploit carrier phase-based observations coupled with a low-end inertial sensor to identify spoofing and meaconing. By short-time integration with an inertial platform, which tracks the displacement of the GNSS antenna, the high-frequency movement at the receiver is correlated with the variation in the carrier phase. In this way, we identify legitimate transmitters, based on their geometrical diversity with respect to the antenna system movement. We introduce a platform designed to effectively compare different tiers of commercial INS platforms with a GNSS receiver. By characterizing different inertial sensors, we show that simple MEMS INS perform as well as high-end industrial-grade sensors. Sensors traditionally considered unsuited for navigation purposes offer great performance at the short integration times used to evaluate the carrier phase information consistency against the high-frequency movement. Results from laboratory evaluation and through field tests at Jammertest 2024 show that the detector is up to 90% accurate in correctly identifying spoofing (or the lack of it), without any modification to the receiver structure, and with mass-production grade INS typical for mobile phones.

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  • Selinder, Emelie
    et al.
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Learning.
    Enocksson, Fanny
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Learning.
    DevOps KPIs – Software Delivery Performance & Organizational Culture: Classifying Culture and Creating a Tool to Measure Software Delivery Performance at a Swedish Defence Company2024Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The DevOps methodology has shown that software delivery performance (SDP) as well as organizational culture are key drivers of organizational performance and should be measured. SDP can be measured using Four Key Metrics (FKM): Lead Time for Change, Deployment Frequency, Mean Time to Restore and Change Failure Rate. Existing tools for measuring SDP often lack full automation or require practices that prepare code for release to production. Also, their application in real-world contexts, especially concerning the FKM and team culture, remains underexplored. The aim of this study was to fill this gap by, first, investigating attributes needed for tool development and implementation and, second, relating the measurements to perceived performance and team culture.

    Using FKM, a tool was developed measuring the part of the software process where code changes are merged to a main code-branch. The measurements were visualized in a dashboard and evaluated by stakeholders. A survey was distributed to assess the team’s perceived SDP and team culture, and an interview with the team leader provided additional insights.

    The results of measured and perceived SDP, were congruent and indicated no single performance category. According to the tool-evaluation, the FKM appeared to have value and the graphics showed potential bottlenecks as well as product development quality and speed. Limitations were measurement of product quality after delivery. The interview and survey both indicated a generative culture characterized by high information sharing, supporting that such culture is desirable for high SDP.

    The study produced a guide for organizations to develop a tool measuring SDP. Findings indicate that automatic measuring of KPIs can give value to researchers and the industry.

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  • Morello, Gabriele
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS).
    FLAMES: Fine-tuned Large Language Model for Invariant Synthesis2024Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Smart contracts face significant security challenges due to their immutable nature and high-stakes applications. Traditional methods for securing these contracts, such as manual audits and static analysis, often fall short in detecting and repairing subtle vulnerabilities. This thesis presents a novel approach to improving smart contract security using large language models (LLMs) that are fine-tuned for invariant generation. We have developed a framework called FLAMES that utilizes fine-tuned CodeLlama models to automatically generate invariants for Solidity smart contracts, thereby improving security and functionality. Our approach incorporates a Fill-in-the-Middle (FIM) token infilling technique, enabling the model to predict missing security checks with high contextual relevance. To support this, we constructed the DISL dataset, the largest dataset in the world and optimized for Large Language Models training. We demonstrate that our model generates meaningful security invariants through rigorous testing, significantly enhancing baseline performance. This work provides empirical insights into using LLMs for automated security in smart contracts and addresses critical gaps in Automatic Program Repair for Solidity.

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  • Forissier, Titouan
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS).
    EVeilM: EVM Bytecode Obfuscation2024Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    With the increasing popularity of blockchain technology and smart contracts, the need for secure and private code has become more important than ever. Ethereum, being one of the most widely used blockchain platforms, is no exception. However, the Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM) bytecode of smart contracts is publicly accessible, making it vulnerable to reverse engineering and exploitation by malicious actors. Obfuscation, which is used to make code harder to understand and reverse engineer, is a potential solution to this problem. This thesis explores the development of obfuscation techniques specifically tailored for EVM bytecode. The research begins by analyzing the complexities involved in smart contract deployment and execution within the EVM, providing a solid foundation for the development of obfuscation methods. The work then presents a range of obfuscation techniques, from established methods to novel approaches designed specifically for the EVM. The primary contribution of this thesis is the design and development of an obfuscator tool for EVM bytecode, aimed at enhancing the security of smart contracts against reverse engineering. The tool is evaluated based on its effectiveness in obfuscating the code while maintaining functionality and gas cost efficiency. The challenge lies in striking a balance between these two factors. In summary, this thesis addresses the significant problem of protecting EVM bytecode from reverse engineering and exploitation by malicious actors. By developing obfuscation techniques and tools tailored for the EVM, the work provides a valuable contribution to the field of smart contract security. The research also highlights the importance of considering both functionality and gas cost efficiency when designing obfuscation techniques for the EVM.

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  • Ericsson, Johan
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS).
    Gamma Random Variable Generation on GPUs using CUDA2024Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    We study how pseudo random gamma distributed random variables can be efficiently generated on graphical processing units. There are many algorithms known today for generating gamma random variables by means of computation that perform well on central processing units of classical computers. In the last 20 years, there has been increasing interest in using graphical processing units and other accelerators to speed up stochastic simulation and machine learning applications. The difference in architecture between graphical processing units and traditional central processing units means that algorithms that perform well on central processing units do not always perform well on graphical processing units. This is especially true for random number generation algorithms from complex distributions. In this work, we show that graphical processing units can be used to efficiently simulate random numbers from a gamma distribution, and that the best performing algorithms for doing so are different than the best performing algorithms on central processing units.

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  • Obelleiro Monleón, Guillermo
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS).
    Combining Deep Learning and Street View Imagery for Urban Safety Analysis: Developing an Object Detection System to Assess Safety Perceptions in Stockholm2024Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The urban environment is designed to ensure that the quality of life of the citizens is the best possible. Thus, safety perceptions play an essential role in how urban planning and policy decisions are made. To guarantee that the well-being of the citizens is considered while building settlements, continuous and rigorous studies of how these places evolve need to be carried out. However, said task can often be laborious and time-consuming, requiring exhaustive work from experts within the urban planning field. Following recent trends in artificial intelligence (AI) and deep learning (DL) this project proposes an efficient and scalable approach to address this problem. By applying computer vision technologies to street view imagery and utilizing image analysis techniques, a system can be developed and implemented to identify the factors affecting residents’ sense of security easily. The information provided by the system could assist both experts and local governments in their decision-making processes. In this thesis, an approach different from the commonly used image segmentation techniques is proposed. Two object detection models were custom-trained to detect specific elements that might directly interfere with human safety, such as vehicles, traffic signs, or trees. A You Only Look Once (YOLO) model, well known for its low inference time and high accuracy in terms of object detection, was used as a base. The results, obtained by analyzing street view images of different zones within the city of Stockholm, demonstrate that using these fine-tuned models, achieving mean average precision (mAP) scores of 53.63% and 51.26% respectively, can significantly reduce the time spent by local authorities in observing the streets.

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  • Wiebe Werner, Axel
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS).
    Exploring Gesture Communication in Virtual Environments: A Comparative Evaluation of VR and 2D Settings2024Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Gestures play a crucial role in human communication, enhancing interpersonal interactions through non-verbal expression. Burgeoning technology is allowing virtual avatars to leverage communicative gestures to enhance their life-likeness and communication quality with AI-generated gestures. Traditionally, evaluations of AI-generated gestures have been confined to 2D settings. However, Virtual Reality (VR) offers an immersive alternative with the potential to affect the perception of virtual gestures. This paper introduces a novel evaluation approach of computer generated gestures, investigating the impact of a fully immersive environment in comparison to a traditional 2D setting. The goal is to find the differences, benefits and drawbacks of the two alternatives. Furthermore, the study also aims to investigate three gesture generation algorithms submitted to the 2023 Genea Challenge and evaluate their performance in the two virtual settings. Experiments showed that the VR setting has an impact on the rating of generated gestures. Participants tended to rate gestures observed in VR slightly higher on average than in 2D. Furthermore, the results of the study showed that the generation models used for the study had a consistent ranking. However, the setting had limited impact on the models’ performance, having a bigger impact on the perception of ’true movement’ which had higher ratings in VR than in 2D. The findings of this research are significant for advancing the understanding of gestural capabilities in ECAs within immersive environments and provide practical insights into the differences between immersive and non-immersive settings. As VR and AI-powered conversational agents become more integrated into daily life, this study contributes valuable knowledge that could inform the development of more immersive and effective communication agents, shaping the future of human-computer and humanrobot interactions.

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  • Ismail, Dana
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS).
    Securing Implantable Medical Devices Against Remote Attacks By Anomaly Detection: Enhancing IoT Security Within Healthcare2024Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Implantable medical devices are surgically inserted into patients to provide enhanced medical treatment such as continuous monitoring or regular medicine injections. Modern devices have wireless communication capabilities and communicate with external entities at hospitals for instance. This wireless communication introduces an attack vector for adversaries to exploit. Successful attacks on implantable medical devices may have fatal outcomes and hence it is crucial to secure these against remote attacks. As the number of connected medical devices increases, patient safety is jeopardized. These devices are aimed to enhance patient health and not introduce any additional risks. Investigating and suggesting a suitable anomaly detection algorithm to be implemented on implantable medical devices contributes to the early detection of potential attacks and protects patients from further harm. As the devices are resource-constrained, the algorithms need to be accurate while being computationally efficient. The primary research gap is that previous research has not taken these resource constraints into account when suggesting machine learning models for anomaly detection for implantable medical devices. In this paper, the algorithms are evaluated based on prediction performance and computational efficiency. The described problem is significant because the research area is inadequately investigated. As recent technological advancements in energy harvesting for small batteries, efficient software, and embedded systems are made, there is more room for security. By combining an investigation of various machine learning models for classification problems on a realistic and valid dataset with calculations on prediction performance and computational efficiency, the identified problem could be tackled. The findings from the investigations concluded that the explored machine learning models are performing well in correctly predicting data instances, however, they differed in computational efficiency. As a result, the multi-layer perceptron was decided as the most suitable anomaly detection algorithm to be implemented on implantable medical devices. The findings can be used for further practical applications on medical devices.

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  • Ulrike Gotthardt, Marie
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS).
    Clustering Large-Scale 3D Football Player Skeleton Data: Investigating Differences in Player Pose Distributions and their Correspondence to Tracking Performance Levels2024Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The utilization of tracking technologies in sports such as football holds the potential to enhance the game experience for the fans and provide coaches and players with valuable insights on how to improve their playing techniques and strategies. TRACAB is one of the leading companies in football tracking and has collected a large amount of player data from various football games. This data could be leveraged to improve the tracking performance of TRACAB’s algorithms by investigating which poses or actions occur rarely or are difficult for the tracking system to identify. However, the collected data is unlabelled and the amount of data is enormous. To tackle this problem, this thesis investigates the use of various clustering techniques to get insights into the distribution of poses in football games and the correspondence of different pose groups to different performance levels. In experiments with K-meansbased approaches and deep clustering approaches, the clustering results obtained with the K-means-based approaches are found to be superior. The analysis of the clustering structures reveals a relationship between smaller cluster sizes and lower tracking performance. In future research, it should be investigated, how approaches based on deep clustering can be enhanced for this clustering task. In addition, it could be investigated how the insights obtained from the cluster analysis can be utilized to develop a targeted strategy for improving TRACAB’s tracking system.

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  • Spanghero, Marco
    et al.
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Computer Science, Software and Computer systems, SCS.
    Papadimitratos, Panos
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Computer Science, Software and Computer systems, SCS.
    Time-Based GNSS Attack Detection2024In: IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, ISSN 0018-9251, E-ISSN 1557-9603, p. 1-18Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    To safeguard Civilian Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) external information available to the platform encompassing the GNSS receiver can be used to detect attacks. Cross-checking the GNSS-provided time against alternative multiple trusted time sources can lead to attack detection aiming at controlling the GNSS receiver time. Leveraging external, network-connected secure time providers and onboard clock references, we achieve detection even under fine-grained time attacks. We provide an extensive evaluation of our multi-layered defense against adversaries mounting attacks against the GNSS receiver along with controlling the network link. We implement adversaries spanning from simplistic spoofers to advanced ones synchronized with the GNSS constellation. We demonstrate attack detection is possible in all tested cases (sharp discontinuity, smooth take-over, and coordinated network manipulation) without changes to the structure of the GNSS receiver. Leveraging the diversity of the reference time sources, detection of take-over time push as low as 150 μs is possible. Smooth take-overs forcing variations as low as 30 ns/s are also detected based on on-board precision oscillators. The method (and thus the evaluation) is largely agnostic to the satellite constellation and the attacker type, making time-based data validation of GNSS information compatible with existing receivers and readily deployable.

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  • Ruthiramoorthy, Dhinesh
    KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Engineering Design.
    Design and optimization of articulation system for bus2024Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Buses are the most common means of public transportation all around the world. They play a crucial role in connecting towns, cities as well as rural areas. It has been observed that around 55% of public transport in Europe happens through buses and coaches. The usage of buses as a transport mode gives greater environmental and economic benefits. Also, to reduce the number of vehicles running on the road, Europe encourages the use of buses as public transport and insists on commuting together.

    Though buses seem to be a very good option, there is a need for an attractive solution to improve the capacity of the vehicle, mainly due to the increase in urban population. These solutions can reduce the number of transport vehicles and limit energy consumption. One such solution is the usage of articulation units on the buses.

    The articulation unit allows the bus to have a trailer connection which helps in improving the vehicle's capacity. However, manufacturing the articulation system is a bit of a complex process. Also, conventional articulation system parts are manufactured through casting, and it is usually of higher cost. This work aims to study the feasibility of integrating some components of the articulation system with the trailer frame. Also, it aims to simplify the design of the articulation system and reduce the manufacturing cost.

    A literature survey is carried out to understand the conventional articulation system design, the manufacturing process involved and the cost of manufacturing. Few concepts are developed fulfilling the list of requirements. Then finite element analysis is done to ensure the new design aligns with the existing design. Optimization is carried out to reduce the weight of the proposed design thereby contributing to cost reduction. In the end, the final optimized design is compared with the current design for feasibility of manufacturing and cost saving.

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  • Lindblad, Jenny
    et al.
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Urban Planning and Environment, Urban and Regional Studies.
    Holmstedt, Janna
    Statens Historiska Museer, Sweden.
    Elementär planering: Jordade städer och gemenskapande naturkulturer2024In: PLAN tidskriften för samhällsplanering, ISSN 0032-0560, no 3-4, p. 85-90Article in journal (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
    Abstract [sv]

    En junikväll 2024 samlades en brokig skara av planerare, konstnärer, forskare, arkitekter och odlare hos tillsammansodlingen Bellevue Farm vid Brunns- vikens södra strand i Stockholm. En tillsammansodling är en odlingsplats som förvaltas gemensamt av dess medlemmar och är ofta organiserad genom en ideell förening. Under kvällen fördes samtal om jordens plats och betydelse i växande städer och de nya urbana jordkulturer som växer fram runt om i landet. Därtill undersöktes jordens värden bortom att behöva tjäna som resurs för människor att nyttja. Tillsammans uppmärksammade vi hur levande jordrelationer stärks och uttrycks i tider av klimatkris och omställning, särskilt i urbaniserade samhällen där klyftan generellt har ökat mellan människa och natur. Jordarna under våra fötter, det de är och ger, är något som lätt tas för givet medan maten tryggt återfinns på hyllorna i livsmedelsbutiken. Insikten om myllans betydelse för den biologiska mångfalden och klimatarbetet även i städerna har ökat på senare tid. Klotets tunna hud utgör ett okänt universum av myllrande liv, en levande bioinfrastruktur, som stadsbor har kommit att engagera sig i allt mer. En central fråga under junikvällen på Bellevue Farm handlade om vad vi kan lära av dessa framväxande jordkulturer?

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  • Möll, Ebba
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Architecture, Architecture, Culture and Environment.
    Contemplative Spaces: Sculptural architecture in an (un)natural landscape2025Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    This thesis projects explores the creation of contemplative spaces that integrate architecture, sculpture, art and nature. The aim is to design sculptural spaces that invite stillness and evoke emotions through the use of light, materiality, form and spatial transitions. This will result in a series of four pavilions engaging with the landscape of the former limestone quarry on Bungenäs, Gotland.

    The limestone quarry is an ideal context for this exploration. It has a strong sense of place with an intensity of emotions within the landscape itself. The contrast between nature and industrial remnants highlights the duality of the artificial and natural, as well as themes of permanence and ephemerality. Its bright limestone ground, raw jagged stone formations, water-filled pit, proximity to the sea, pine trees, and the wind make it a tranquil and otherworldly place.

    Inspiration is drawn from places such as Kivik Art Center, Wanås Konst, Ekebergsparken and the Hombroich Museum Insel which combine art, nature, and architecture. These projects show how sculptural structures can engage with a landscape to enhance its sensory and emotional presence. Similarly, this project aims to create pavilions that interact with the characteristics of the quarry at Bungenäs.

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  • Möller, Lisa
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Architecture, Architecture, Landscapes and Cities.
    Above The Sea2025Independent thesis Advanced level (professional degree), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The purpose of the floating community project Above The Sea is to investigate how to create space within the urban environment and offer an alternative and sustainable approach to urban development, housing shortages and climate change. 

    With densely populated cities, floating communities becomes an innovative way of creating oases within the urban fabric, where they are able to be self-sustainable with the purpose of being eco-friendly while strengthening the community, keeping it united and cooperative. Electricity and water are separated and managed by a smart grid that runs through the jetty connected to the floating houses, allowing them to share, store and monitor energy.

    The challenge with floating communities is to keep costs down while still maintaining interest. This project thereby focuses on shared living spaces, open farmlands on community docks and a smaller office unit rather than several greenhouses and a larger communal building, keeping energy demands low while also allowing the community freedom to shape their own environment.

    With consideration of its location of Äppelviken in Stockholm, site requirements and the Scandinavian climate, Above the Sea aims to be a part of envisioning ideas of innovative and alternative residential expansion.

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  • Raj, Aashna
    et al.
    Division of Fluid Mechanics and Experimental Mechanics, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Luleå University of Technology, 971 87, Luleå, Sweden.
    Larsson, I.A. Sofia
    Division of Fluid Mechanics and Experimental Mechanics, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Luleå University of Technology, 971 87, Luleå, Sweden.
    Ljung, Anna-Lena
    Division of Fluid Mechanics and Experimental Mechanics, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Luleå University of Technology, 971 87, Luleå, Sweden.
    Forslund, Tobias
    Division of Fluid Mechanics and Experimental Mechanics, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Luleå University of Technology, 971 87, Luleå, Sweden.
    Andersson, Robin
    Division of Fluid Mechanics and Experimental Mechanics, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Luleå University of Technology, 971 87, Luleå, Sweden.
    Sundström, Joel
    Division of Fluid Mechanics and Experimental Mechanics, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Luleå University of Technology, 971 87, Luleå, Sweden.
    Lundström, T. Staffan
    Division of Fluid Mechanics and Experimental Mechanics, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Luleå University of Technology, 971 87, Luleå, Sweden.
    Evaluating hydrogen gas transport in pipelines: Current state of numerical and experimental methodologies2024In: International journal of hydrogen energy, ISSN 0360-3199, E-ISSN 1879-3487, Vol. 67, p. 136-149Article, review/survey (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This review article provides a comprehensive overview of the fundamentals, modelling approaches, experimental studies, and challenges associated with hydrogen gas flow in pipelines. It elucidates key aspects of hydrogen gas flow, including density, compressibility factor, and other relevant properties crucial for understanding its behavior in pipelines. Equations of state are discussed in detail, highlighting their importance in accurately modeling hydrogen gas flow. In the subsequent sections, one-dimensional and three-dimensional modelling techniques for gas distribution networks and localized flow involving critical components are explored. Emphasis is placed on transient flow, friction losses, and leakage characteristics, shedding light on the complexities of hydrogen pipeline transportation. Experimental studies investigating hydrogen pipeline transportation dynamics are outlined, focusing on the impact of leakage on surrounding environments and safety parameters. The challenges and solutions associated with repurposing natural gas pipelines for hydrogen transport are discussed, along with the influence of pipeline material on hydrogen transportation. Identified research gaps underscore the need for further investigation into areas such as transient flow behavior, leakage mitigation strategies, and the development of advanced modelling techniques. Future perspectives address the growing demand for hydrogen as a clean energy carrier and the evolving landscape of hydrogen-based energy systems.

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  • Kindahl, Klara
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Architecture, Architecture, Culture and Environment.
    Increased Togetherness by Crossing Generational Boundaries2025Independent thesis Advanced level (professional degree), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Sweden as a country is facing major transformations based on its rapidly changing demographics. A declining birth rate and an increasingly large elderly population opt for a different approach to building for our community, since the current planning and construction do not reflect this change in users and need. 

    The project, Increasing Togetherness by Crossing Generational Boundaries, is an activity center aiming to give space for a larger social context through shared facilities explored through the aspects of moving, eating and being creative together. 

    Combining a small-scale preschool with multiple functions for leisure activities, the center creates a platform for both planned and spontaneous encounters between people of different ages in various kinds of ways.

    With this project I wish to showcase the possibilities the concept of sharing space and fostering interactions will create an environment of empathy, play and respect, in an attempt to strengthen our communities’ social fabric.

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  • Xu, Hongting
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Architecture, Architecture, Culture and Environment.
    NK Parkaden Housing2025Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The housing shortage problem has always been a significant issue in Stockholm. As we continue to build new housing, available space for construction is becoming increasingly limited. Building on top of an exciting building in central Stockholm is an effective solution to increace urban density. NK Parkaden was designed by Hans Asplund in the early 1960s and was given a blue label by the city, which means that it should be highly preserved and protected. I believe the best way to protect a building is by utilizing its value, bringing in more people, and making them love it as we do.

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  • Tideman, Carolina
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Architecture, Architecture, Landscapes and Cities.
    Jogakbo Gullmarsplan2025Independent thesis Advanced level (professional degree), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    In the suburb of Gullmarsplan, Stockholm, multiple bridge sections and a highway flow through, creating a barrier for social and ecological connections. Insufficient connections between various areas leads to holes in the urban fabric with lower accessibility, neglect and a feeling of unsafety. The main goal of the project is to patch together these holes in the urban fabric by implementing activating strategies for social- and environmental growth. 

    The area is studied and analyzed, by different methods such as research, site visits and interviews. The conclusions derived from the analytical phase have then been used to make design decisions, enhancing the area and connecting it more to the adjacent spaces. This creates an activated area that will contribute to easier orientation, better accessibility, a cleaner space and a greater feeling of safety. In turn this would increase the flow of people, transforming the space into a lively part of the city that works as an activating bridge over the barriers that disconnect the area.

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  • Cervin, Elise
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Architecture, Architecture, Technology and Theory.
    De Aderton2025Independent thesis Advanced level (professional degree), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The De Aderton-project focusses on the correlation between the implementation of placemaking in urban public spaces and the level of social sustainability in cities. 

    De Aderton is the name of an architectural light art installation that was designed and built by the diploma graduate of this project. From the 7th to the 15th of december 2024 the artwork was exhibited at Klara Mälarstrand during the light art festival Nobel Week Lights in Stockholm. In this diploma project, De Aderton was used as a casestudy to explore the behaviours of people in public space on the site where the installation was put on display during Nobel Week Lights. An anthropological working approach inspired by William H. Whyte’s documentation of New York City was implemented.

    The working process sought to explore how placemaking and, specifically, public art can be used as tools in urban development when designing socially sustainable cities with a focus on the phenomenological experience of public space. This master project aims to highlight the importance of living urban spaces that promote civic engagement, social interaction, identification, varied experiences, artistic values, playfulness and a general sense of well-being among people in the city.

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  • Mollgren, Emmy
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Architecture, Architecture, Culture and Environment.
    Fair City2025Independent thesis Advanced level (professional degree), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    In this project, I challenge the plans made by the City of Stockholm to demolish the Stockholm International Fairs building to make way for urban development. This politically charged decision is driven by the ambition to densify the area, promising 7,000 new housing units and 15,000 workplaces.  In response, I have proposed an alternative plan where densification is not the main focus. Instead, this proposal emphasizes the unique character of the site, respecting what already exists while prioritizing the preservation and enhancement of the blue-green corridor that runs through the area. The aim is to modernize and integrate the fair building into the urban fabric, creating a ”fair in the city.” 

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  • Isefält, Malcom
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Biomedical Engineering and Health Systems, Health Informatics and Logistics.
    Auto-zero-drift circuit for a structure health monitoring system using piezoelectric sensor-based data acquisition2024Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    A Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) system is used for automatically detectingdamages in materials using receiver sensors and transmitter, a sensor that can beused is Piezoelectric sensors(PZT).This project focuses on the receiver circuit, with the sole aim of making it suitablefor ASIC circuitry. Therefore, the circuits need to be optimized. The focus of thisinvestigation lies in circuit optimization and its impact on noise levels. Variousmethods of altering the DC level were explored, including the utilization of anamplifier autozero drift circuit and changing the value virtual ground for a singlepower supply. Despite efforts, determining the superior optimization methodproved inconclusive. A suggestion emerged that the potentiometer in the virtualground might offer the best optimization.The results indicated that employing a switch connector on the PCB to determinethe most suitable candidate among the three approaches—autozero drift circuit,potentiometer for DC offset from the previous schematics, and potentiometerat the virtual ground—yielded clear optimizations. One notable optimizationinvolved utilizing a single power supply, given that the ASIC only accepts a singlepower supply. With a single power supply, further enhancement can be achievedby eliminating the two diodes at the output and additionally by utilizing a virtualground.

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  • Persson, Magnus
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Architecture, Architecture, Technology and Theory.
    Crossroads - center for urban agriculture in Barcelona2025Independent thesis Advanced level (professional degree), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Barcelona, a city balancing historical architecture with modern urbanization, faces challenges like rapid growth, environmental degradation, and the strain of mass tourism. A key feature of the city is the Eixample grid designed by Ildefons Cerdà in 1859, which, while promoting light and air, has become rigid and disconnected from contemporary needs. This thesis proposes an urban agriculture center in the transforming Poblenou neighborhood, which is being overtaken by commercial developments and losing its working-class identity.

    The proposal seeks to merge ecology, sustainability, and social interaction by integrating agriculture into the urban fabric. By breaking the monotony of the Eixample grid, the center would promote local food production, green spaces, and community engagement. The building, elevated on stilts, maximizes public outdoor space beneath it for markets and events while promoting stormwater absorption and better air circulation.

    Designed to foster education, sustainability, and social interaction, the center would include spaces for workshops, storage, and practical plant education. This project aligns with Barcelona's ongoing efforts, like the Superilla initiative, to create more sustainable and livable urban spaces, reconnecting the rural and urban environments to improve the city’s overall quality of life.

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  • Jeglinska, Linnea
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Architecture, Architecture, Culture and Environment.
    Reimagining Ukraine2025Independent thesis Advanced level (professional degree), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Almost three years have passed since the Russian full-scale invasion of Ukraine, and as the war proceeds, the damage to the built environment worsens. This project suggests an approach to address the forthcoming post-war context. It focuses on two parts: tackling an increasing housing shortage and retrofitting the existing housing stock. 

    The first part of the project proposes a housing typology that can be applied across Ukraine. The building features a shell of vital functions organised within a grid, offering a flexible plan, which allows the residents to customise their living spaces. A well-studied feature of Ukrainian housing has been the residents’ adjustments to their apartments’ exterior features, such as balconies. This has included construction, self-made glazing and ornamentation. To treasure this tradition, the building has been fitted with balconies designed as a basic shell, to be completed by the residents. The other side of the building offers an unheated, weather-protected deck access, providing additional space beyond the apartments.

    The second part of the project concerns retrofitting the existing housing stock, focusing on Soviet-era serial panel housing. As in the housing typology, additional space is added in the form of a glazed deck and balconies to buildings requiring exterior renovations. 

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  • Jonsson, Albin
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Architecture, Architecture, Technology and Theory.
    BELLEVUE STUDIOS2025Independent thesis Advanced level (professional degree), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    This thesis explores how a music and art studio complex can be built on a rocky plot of land next to the Carl Eldh Museum south of Brunnsviken. The purpose has been to create a music and art studio sanctuary to promote collaboration between artists from various fields. The surrounding buildings are listed as state-protected heritage sites, making it important to preserve the overall character of the site. The program of the proposed building has therefore been based on the need to harmonize with the scale of its context. The proposed building is partially embedded into the bedrock, which has made it possible to use the excavated granite as the façade material. The building is organized around a central staircase and houses eight studios: four music studios and four art studios. The thesis has resulted into a complete proposal with illustrations and detailed drawings of the proposed building. 

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  • Lejonstad, Daniel
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Biomedical Engineering and Health Systems, Health Informatics and Logistics.
    Skriptspråk i utvecklingen av inbyggda system: En utvärdering av Python2025Independent thesis Basic level (degree of Bachelor), 10 credits / 15 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    This study explores the usability of scripting languages as an alternative to compiled languages in the development of embedded systems. The work compares Python and C, representing their respective language types, through empirical performance tests across three areas: execution time, memory management, and interrupt handling. The results indicate that C, as a compiled language, generally offers higher performance and efficiency, particularly in resource-critical applications, whereas Python provides shorter development times and greater user-friendliness. The study also includes an analysis of library availability and the cost landscape of development tools, where Python demonstrated strength with an extensive ecosystem of third-party libraries. The conclusion is that Python can be a practical alternative in certain embedded systems, especially those with soft real-time requirements or where rapid development is prioritized, but C remains the superior choice for high-performance systems. 

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  • Rosenberg Enquist, Isaac
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Mathematics (Dept.), Mathematics (Div.).
    Dynamic Share Class Hedging2024Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Hedged share classes have become an increasingly popular way for investors to invest abroad. As volumes increase, so does competition and the importance of keeping transaction costs low. To maintain a complete hedge, the fund must continuously purchase currency forwards which represent significant transaction costs over time. Currently, funds hedge at certain intervals when the hedge ratio surpasses a certain level and do not take market conditions into account. This thesis makes use of market data to improve on current hedging strategies. To achieve this, a model was created to assess the risks and savings of hedging up to a certain level which was then used as a basis for hedging decisions.

    Tomorrow’s forward price and spread were modelled with multivariate GARCH. Using these forecasts, probability distributions of tomorrow’s gain or loss due to currency risk could be inferred. These probability distributions were then used to create hedging strategies with the aim of minimizing transaction costs and exposure to currency risk. The strategies were tested on actual market data for several stock indexes. The results were promising and showed that it is possible to save a considerable amount on transactions while maintaining the same risk tolerance compared to current strategies. Hedging strategies using expected shortfall which did not completely rehedge showed the most promise.

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  • Johansson, Fredric
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Mathematics (Dept.).
    Optimal equity fund cash flows in the FX-markets2024Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    A portfolio model for cash flows of a global equity fund is developed, incorporating stochastic FX rates, stochastic future fund rebalancing and future FX transaction costs. A mean-variance analysis is performed, utilizing future costs in both the expected return and variance - amounting to calculating first and second moments of the truncated bivariate normal distribution. Consequently, both mean and variance are nonlinear. The optimization is performed using SLSQP, a variant of SQP (Sequential Quadratic Programming). At the given size of transaction costs, the minimum variance portfolio is unaffected by transaction costs. Therefore allocating all cash to the riskless domestic currency, identically to when no cost is applied. In contrast, FX volatilities has no impact on the minimum expected cost portfolio, which allocates according to the different rebalancing volatilities and costs across currencies. The rebalancing volatilities are modelled as a proportion of fund exposure to assets in the corresponding currency.

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  • Melake, Yonas
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Mathematics (Dept.), Mathematics (Div.).
    Denoising and Reconstructing Neural Networks for the Multireference Alignment Problem2024Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    In biology, radar, and image super-resolution applications, the common proxy problem of multireference alignment (MRA) can arise. The MRA problem involves estimating a one-dimensional signal from noisy and corcularly shifted observations. Expectation-maximization solves this problem by estimating distributions of shifts for each signal instead of assigning fixed shifts. Alternatively, the method of invariants/moments recovers the clean signal using third-order moments, see the definition of moments in Section 2.1. While the expectation-maximization method offers better accuracy, the invariant method is more computationally efficient. Therefore, the aim of the project is to develop signal reconstruction models using invariant features (such as the mean, the power spectrum, and the bispectrum) and neural networks to improve signal reconstruction accuracy in high noise settings relative to other invariant methods (not utilizing neural networks) for the same amount of signal observations.

    The best performing invariant method found through research was the one using Frequency marching (FM) algorithm, which uses the bispectrum to estimate the signal phases. From there, the signal phases can be used together with the mean and the power spectrum to reconstruct the signal. Phase synchronization (PS) algorithm is a developed invariant method that performs similarly to FM and also uses the bispectrum to estimate the signal phases.

    Three types of signal reconstruction models that used feed-forward neural network (FNN) were developed. Two of the types used a developed FNN model, named Denoising Neural Network (D-FNN), to denoise the invariant features, then one of them used the FM algorithm to reconstruct the signal, while the other used the PS algorithm. The third type was a developed FNN, named Reconstructing Neural Network (R-FNN), that reconstructed the signal directly using the invariant features as input. The models were tested on different types of signals, as described in Section 3.1. The signal types ranged from simple to complex, where the complexity of the signal type was measued by the number of unique signals it containted.

    This project achieved its main objective by proving it is possible to improve signal reconstruction accuracy by using neural networks in high noise settings. The best type of the developed models was the R-FNN:s which performed better or similarly to the models using D-FNN in the tests.

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  • Leva, Chrysovalantou Vasiliki
    et al.
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Intelligent systems, Micro and Nanosystems.
    Jain, Saumey
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Intelligent systems, Micro and Nanosystems. KTH, Centres, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab. KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Protein Science, Nano Biotechnology.
    Kistermann, Kevin
    Central Facility for Electron Microscopy (GFE), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen 52056, Germany.
    Sakurai, Kasumi
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Intelligent systems, Micro and Nanosystems.
    Stemme, Göran
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Intelligent systems, Micro and Nanosystems.
    Herland, Anna
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Protein Science, Nano Biotechnology. KTH, Centres, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab. AIMES, Center for Integrated Medical and Engineering Science, Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Solna SE-17177, Sweden.
    Mayer, Joachim
    Central Facility for Electron Microscopy (GFE), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen 52056, Germany.
    Niklaus, Frank
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Intelligent systems, Micro and Nanosystems.
    Raja, Shyamprasad Natarajan
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Intelligent systems, Micro and Nanosystems.
    Localized Nanopore Fabrication in Silicon Nitride Membranes by Femtosecond Laser Exposure and Subsequent Controlled Breakdown2025In: ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces, ISSN 1944-8244, E-ISSN 1944-8252, Vol. 17, no 5, p. 8737-8748Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Controlled breakdown has emerged as an effective method for fabricating solid-state nanopores in thin suspended dielectric membranes for various biomolecular sensing applications. On an unpatterned membrane, the site of nanopore formation by controlled breakdown is random. Nanopore formation on a specific site on the membrane has previously been realized using local thinning of the membrane by lithographic processes or laser-assisted photothermal etching under immersion in an aqueous salt solution. However, these approaches require elaborate and expensive cleanroom-based lithography processes or involve intricate procedures using custom-made equipment. Here, we present a rapid cleanroom-free approach using single pulse femtosecond laser exposures of 50 nm thick silicon nitride membranes in air to localize the site of nanopore formation by subsequent controlled breakdown to an area less than 500 nm in diameter on the membrane. The precise positioning of the nanopores on the membrane could be produced both using laser exposure powers which caused significant thinning of the silicon nitride membrane (up to 60% of the original thickness locally), as well as at laser powers which caused no visible modification of the membrane at all. We show that nanopores made using our approach can work as single-molecule sensors by performing dsDNA translocation experiments. Due to the applicability of femtosecond laser processing to a wide range of membrane materials, we expect our approach to simplify the fabrication of localized nanopores by controlled breakdown in a variety of thin film material stacks, thereby enabling more sophisticated nanopore sensors.

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  • Wang, Yidi
    et al.
    Communication University of China.
    Wang, Zhen
    Tsinghua Hang Lung Center for Real Estate Studies, Institute of Real Estate Studies, Department of Construction Management, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
    Yang, Zan
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Real Estate and Construction Management.
    Flood Risk and Household Financial Decision-MakingManuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    This study investigates the impact of flood risks on household financial decisions, with a focus on the default and repayment behavior and analyzes how their unrealistic optimism regarding Loan Prime Rate (LPR) transfer decisions affect credit loss during flood hazards. Through empirical analysis of loan data in China, we find that rural households who choose to switch to LPR are more likely to default after a flood, suggesting that these households are overly optimistic about their financial situations and underestimate the financial risks posed by floods. Additionally, the study finds that defaulted households adjust their financial expectations and exhibit more proactive repayment behaviors after the flood, highlighting that financial behavior is not static but adjusts based on real experiences such as the challenges posed by floods. Female and younger clients are more prone to defaults due to proactive risk-taking influenced by optimism, yet demonstrate improved repayment behaviors post-default, reflecting recalibrated financial strategies. The findings underscore the critical role of financial literacy and behavioral biases in mediating climate-related financial vulnerabilities. This study contributes to behavioral economics by linking environmental shocks to household financial resilience, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions to mitigate optimism-driven risks in vulnerable populations.

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  • Stenberg, Holger
    KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS).
    Offline Position Estimation of High Speed Solenoid Valves Using a Non Invasive Sensorless Approach2024Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Accurate fluid and gas flow control is essential in modern technical innovations, and solenoid valve actuators are widely recognized as suitable for this purpose. By generating a magnetic field through the energization of a solenoid with an electric current, the induced field is used to attract a movable component, known as a plunger or armature, positioned within the solenoid. Accurate measurement of solenoid actuator movement is of paramount importance to detect and address potential mechanical actuator failures such as jamming, sticking and excessive friction that may result in system failure. Therefore, this thesis project focuses on the development of novel non-invasive, sensorless, position measurement algorithms designed for high speed solenoid actuators. The developed sensorless estimation methods realise the possibility to conduct offline mechanical performance assessment of high speed solenoid valves in space-constrained environments, where it will be difficult to use external sensors. With recorded electrical data from the solenoid actuator in nominal operation, current waveform features are extracted with the use of wavelet transformations and curve fitting techniques based on underlying solenoid dynamics. By utilising pre-collected calibration data, the extracted features can be used to accurately determine the position and movement of the plunger. Experimental data shows that under the right conditions, the developed waveform based position estimation method can achieve correlation coefficients as high as 0.99 when compared to an external laser reference. Furthermore, the start and stop of motion of the plunger during an off-on actuation event, irrespective of the distance travelled, can be extracted with high precision when utilising current waveform features caused by induced motional electromagnetic force. Future work may concentrate on further refinement of the developed algorithms to improve upon disturbance rejection and to be able to extract additional position related features from the current waveform. Furthermore, one may investigate how the developed algorithms could be efficiently implemented on an embedded platform for real time fault detection and diagnostics.

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  • Minde, Johanna
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Architecture.
    The sami home, artefact-furniture-house-landscape, a composition2025Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    A Sámi home represents the interplay of traditions, craftsmanship, and materials with the landscape and seasons. From Johan Turi’s handcrafted furniture to objects created in Akalla and the project in Abisko, the concept of "home" transcends physical boundaries. It reflects how we shape our surroundings and carry cultural knowledge into new contexts.

    This project investigates the Sámi home by combining artifacts, furniture, house, and landscape. Set in Abisko, a historically significant Sámi area, the project highlights the meeting of tradition and industrial development.

    The building is divided into four sections, each designed for a specific function. The Sámi approach to space emphasizes zoning, with the árran (hearth) and boaššu (“kitchen”) serving as central gathering spaces.

    Inspired by the buoggi (storehouse), the construction uses debarked tree trunks integrated with industrial wooden elements. The framework, supported by forked wooden beams resting on a joint system, combines site-specific natural materials with industrial components. These components can be dismantled and relocated, ensuring the landscape can be sustainably restored when the building’s purpose is fulfilled.A Sámi home is more than a place of shelter. It is a dynamic space that adapts, evolves, and carries forward the legacy of Sámi life into the modern world.

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  • Cederberg, Filip
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Architecture.
    Nya Bruket2025Independent thesis Advanced level (professional degree), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Hälleforsnäs bruk is a foundry which began in the 1600’s. Located in the small company town of Hälleforsnäs, the foundry saw its greatest activity in the 60’s and 70’s, after which a steady decline ended with the cessation of casting activities on the site. Today, the foundry is inhabited by various businesses, both cultural and industrial in nature, and recent years have seen it become a popular food hub for the surrounding area. Nya Bruket imagines a continuation of this development, focusing in on the place where the main casting hall was torn down in 2015, which left a large gravel plain as well as exposing the interior walls of the adjoining buildings. The project consists of transforming office spaces into new residences as well as creating a new central food garden for both residents, food producers and the community at large. The aim is to enhance existing connections on the site as well as create new ones, activating the site with new activities and a new, permanent user base.

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  • Sahu, Deeksha
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Architecture.
    Rewilding in Urban spaces of Kista, Stockholm2024Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Kista district is situated on the edge of Järvakilen (green wedge) of Stockholm city. It is called ‘the European Silicon valley’ because it houses the most advanced IT infrastructure in association with some of the most prestigious institutional organizations of Sweden and IT companies. On one side, it has a total technical and corporate environment i.e. Workplaces, and on the other side, it has a total residential environment i.e. Housings and apartments buildings, and since it is located on the edge of a green wedge, its residential area is closer to the natural forests, agricultural & farming activities and community gardens.Kista comprises mixed activities but with a segregation and separation between these different functions. Additionally, the district has more than 15 percent of its open grounds allocated for car-parking i.e. big asphalt chunks in between the buildings, which is the reason behind flooding in most areas of Kista district. The combined effects of big asphalt lands, car-parking, and IT servers of data centers have turned Kista district into an urban heat island (UHL), which has been identified and highlighted by Department of Energy Technology, KTH and Stockholm Stad.This project aims to overcome the effects of these rising physical, social, and environmental issues. Through the means of ethnographic research , qualitative and data analysis, this project interacts with the identified issues, and proposes potential solutions and strategic remedies to counter the increasing problems. The project utilizes the elements of existing green-wedge into the district of Kista, create a network of different functions and establish connections into this segregated land. 

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  • Zhu, Xingyuan
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Architecture.
    Vertical Campus-Alteration and extension of Klara high school, Stockholm2024Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    In renovation and expansion projects, we often encounter land shortages. Under such tight land use, how to meet the needs of teaching and provide as many public spaces as possible for students and teachers for use during and after class has become a difficult problem for school renovation. The topic of vertical campus is based on this.

    With an alteration and extension of this property, the premises can accommodate an increase from 500 students and 60 teachers currently to a capacity of 700 students and 85 teachers in the future. 

    Expansion include: 1. Educational premises; 2. School health care; 3. Administrative premises; 4. A library; 5. A dining hall; 6. An educational kitchen

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  • Zhu, Mandong
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Architecture.
    RENOVATE NITROLAC2024Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    My project is the renovation of factory building. And studing how old buildings can be revitalized and interact with their surroundings when facing new needs. The project located in an abandoned factory area (AB wilh. Becker),is an oil factory,  And The factory located in lovehome, stockholm, Sweden.  Next to Liljeholmen Bay, with great natural scenery.My proposal is to remove the polluted parts and use these removed parts and the space on the first and second floors to interact with the two surrounding squares. The correspondence between these two squares divides the first and second floors of the building diagonally into two parts. The part facing the square is used as a public space, another part is used as a residential area. The upper part of the building is used as a residential part, and this main part facade is retained, and two floors are extension to this building, which is just the load that the structure can bear. 

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  • Zhang, Yuchao
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Architecture.
    The "Icicle": KTH Learning Center2024Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The project is to design a learning center and a landmark at the center of KTH campus. It is a building open to all students for the exchange of ideas, with multiple functions including meeting, office and exhibition.The site is now a triangle-park with height differences. The project doesn't mean to completely replace it, this place can still be a park for relax. So most part of the building is underground. Triangle is used as the basic shape of the roof, so that the building can fit into the ground without creating any curves. The southern part of the roof facing the intersection is raised for the main entrance and an exhibition hall.For an important intersection like this in the campus. A media tower can be a unique landmark, with a screen that can show different contents. The bottom of the tower shrinks to make the content on the tower more visible for people on the ground.

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  • Wiman, Karin
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Architecture.
    The Watering Hole2024Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    The project aims to address the issue of sense of safety in Stockholm’s public space, as well as the lack of sufficient facilities, especially for women. 

    It starts by looking at women’s place in public space; the opportunities, limitations and fears associated with urban life. Historically, this “place” has been non-existent since women were seen as domestic bodies meant to tend to the home and family. Though with the emergence of the department store in the late 1800’s this changed the context in which women could move comfortably through public space as a leisurely act. With more women occupying urban space, the inequality of its public functions became evident, one very concrete example being the lack of public toilets. This was a fight taken up in municipalities once women were allowed to be voted into local councils in the early 1900’s. Though changes were made and the issue has been motioned since, the public toilets in Stockholm today are still insufficient with factors such as cleanliness, safety and fees. Alongside the historical research, the project is informed by women’s perception of safety, or rather lack thereof, in public space. 

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  • Upatnieks, Ingmārs Ingus
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Architecture.
    Re-using the insignificant. Lessons from the picturesque.2024Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    We might be living in a reality where we have already built our last building. From now on it’s about reusing what we already have. But what if the reality that we have is architecturally insignificant? The project is an investigation into what we can learn from the picturesque when working with insignificant sites and insignificant built fabric. Picturesque introduces two architectural techniques - cutting and re-assembling as tools for crafting new architectural qualities from all the overlooked stuff already at the site. A number of cuts and re-assemblies are proposed to transform 10 abandoned warehouses into a new woodworking workshop in a rural setting in Latvia.

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  • Syla, Çlirimtare
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Architecture.
    Sketching Hope: Critical Thoughts on Kosovo's Urban Architecture2024Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    This thesis examines the urban evolution of housing in Kosovo, focusing on Prishtina, the capital city. It addresses critical questions on improving urban development and architecture in Kosovo while enhancing a sense of identity and belonging among residents. The study explores strategies to raise awareness of the negative impacts of poor city planning on residents’ well-being and advocates for improved urban planning practices. It aims to cultivate appreciation and care for the city among its inhabitants. The research covers different architectural periods in Kosovo, including ancient traditional Albanian and Ottoman styles, socialist-modernism from the Yugoslav era, and post-war development. It identifies current urban development issues such as inadequate building regulations, poor land use, and the imbalance between private and public interests. The thesis highlights the lack of community programs and green spaces in new neighborhoods while valuing traditional architecture and seeking to strengthen it while preserving its authenticity. To address these challenges, the thesis proposes a holistic architectural policy emphasizing identity, ecological sustainability, affordability, and community. The policy provides principles that guide future architects on how to plan and design buildings and cities. The persistent theme of identity, shaped by various architectural styles from different regimes, is a central concern. The practical application of this policy is demonstrated through a site-specific project in the Mati 1 neighborhood of Prishtina, an area exemplifying rapid densification driven by profit. This is, therefore, a chaotic and claustrophobic environment with high buildings, narrow streets, and lack of public spaces. The project presents targeted interventions based on thorough site analysis to find solutions to these issues and improve residents’ living conditions.

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  • Turmel, Yves
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Architecture.
    Vraic2024Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Using a historical practice I wanted to showcase an approach to sustainability that is intrinsicly site specific. The broad approach was to explore how a historic practice could be reintroduced, or encouraged to develop in line with our contemporary eco-conscious outlook on design.

    The practice was Vraicing, local to the island of Jersey. The collection and treating of seaweed to be used as fertilizer on fields.

    The design aimed to celebrate the history and the culture of the practice and Jersey while also working as a production space to supplement the process. 

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  • Feit, Lena
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Architecture.
    Obsession. or of seeing what you want to see2024Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    Put generally, this diploma project addresses the topic of referencing in the architectural discourse. In this, the focus lays on the exchange of architectural ideas in between cultures, more precisely East Asia – namely China, Japan, and Korea – and what could geographically be described as central Europe.

    The idea for this project is derived from the point of view that often far too little is said about the process of referencing itself, even less so when it involves cross-cultural dynamics. Contrasting this sentiment, in this project different methods of translating references are put to test through three so-called design experiments throughout which the process and emerging thoughts are closely documented and investigated. Herein, the notion is followed that this personal exploration only reaches its current potential through learning from and in comparing with the other.

    In the end, this diploma project can thus be understood as an inventory, a reflection, and somehow a playground to try out different techniques to think, understand and make understood. 

    The title of this is: Obsession. or of seeing what you want to see.

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  • Sokolowska-Katzer, Sara
    KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Architecture.
    The Print Farm - 3D Printing Concrete in Urban Environments2024Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
    Abstract [en]

    This architectural project involves the construction of two innovative farming pavilions 3D printed in concrete. 

    The first, smaller shelter is a milking station. The second, larger, building is a pasteurisation plant and milk bar. Both work together in creating a public, civic fragment of the master plan of The Print Farm. Animals roaming around the field of Valhallavägen is a vision of a parallel identity to Stockholm’s city life.The design contributes to the overall rehabilitation of the median strip through forestation and reorganisation of the street. These moves would be made possible by utilizing 3D-printed material.

    Situated along Valhallavägen, starting across from the KTH campus, the initiative aims to catalyze agricultural development in urban environments over time.The project employs advanced 3D printing techniques and robotic functions that operate along the street axis. It is a blend of cutting-edge technology and future-focused, new, “urban” architecture.

    The project focuses on the display of benefits of 3DPC especially in the urban fabric.Simultaneously, it experiments with the potential of site development and the future of agricultural practices.Working in the KTH labs and testing the method in various scales (both in plastic and concrete) was the main fuel of knowledge and research throughout the project.

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  • Lindgren, Natalia
    et al.
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Biomedical Engineering and Health Systems, Neuronic Engineering.
    Huang, Qi
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Biomedical Engineering and Health Systems, Neuronic Engineering.
    Yuan, Qiantailang
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Biomedical Engineering and Health Systems, Neuronic Engineering.
    Lin, Miao
    China In-Depth Accident Study (CIDAS).
    Wang, Peng
    China In-Depth Accident Study (CIDAS).
    Pipkorn, Bengt
    Autoliv Research.
    Kleiven, Svein
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Biomedical Engineering and Health Systems, Neuronic Engineering.
    Li, Xiaogai
    KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Biomedical Engineering and Health Systems, Neuronic Engineering.
    Toward systematic finite element reconstructions of accidents involving vulnerable road users2025In: Traffic Injury Prevention, ISSN 1538-9588, E-ISSN 1538-957XArticle in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    To combat the global fatality rates among vulnerable road users (VRUs), prioritizing research on head injury mechanisms and human tolerance levels in vehicle-to-VRU traffic collisions is imperative. A foundational step for VRU injury prevention is often to create virtual reconstructions of real-world collisions. Thus, efficient and trustworthy reconstruction tools are needed to make use of recent advances in accident data collection routines and Finite Element (FE) human body modeling. In this study, a comprehensive and streamlined reconstruction methodology, starting from a video-recorded accident, has been developed. The workflow, that includes state-of-the-art tools for personalization of human body models (HBMs) and vehicles, was evaluated and demonstrated through 20 real-world VRU collision cases. The FE models successfully replicated the vehicle damage that was observed in on-scene photographs of the post-impact vehicle, as well as impact kinematics captured in dash cam or surveillance recordings. The findings highlight how video evidence can considerably narrow down the number of plausible impact scenarios and raise the credibility of virtual reconstructions of real-world VRU collision events. More importantly, this study demonstrates how, with an efficient and systematic methodology, FE might be feasible also for large-scale VRU accident datasets.

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