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Malmström, Eva, ProfessorORCID iD iconorcid.org/0000-0002-8348-2273
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Publications (10 of 350) Show all publications
Jerlhagen, Å., Gordeyeva, K., Cattaruzza, M., Brandt, L., Sochor, B., Koyiloth Vayalil, S., . . . Malmström, E. (2025). Decoding in-plane orientation in cellulose nanopapers hybridized with tailored polymeric nanoparticles. Nanoscale, 17(14), 8712-8723
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Decoding in-plane orientation in cellulose nanopapers hybridized with tailored polymeric nanoparticles
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2025 (English)In: Nanoscale, ISSN 2040-3364, E-ISSN 2040-3372, Vol. 17, no 14, p. 8712-8723Article in journal (Refereed) Epub ahead of print
Abstract [en]

Biobased cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) constitute important building blocks for biomimetic, nanostructured materials, and considerable potential exists in their hybridization with tailorable polymeric nanoparticles. CNFs naturally assemble into oriented, fibrillar structures in their cross-section. This work shows that polymeric nanoparticle additives have the potential to increase or decrease orientation of these cellulose structures, which allows the control of bulk mechanical properties. Small amounts of these additives (<1 wt%) are shown to promote the alignment of CNFs, and the particle size is found to determine a tailorable maximum feature size which can be modified. Herein, X-ray scattering allows for the quantification of orientation at different length scales. This newly developed method of measuring cross-sectional orientation allows for understanding the influence of nanoparticle characteristics on the CNF network structure at different length scales in hybrid cellulose-nanoparticle materials, where previously quantitative description has been lacking. It thus constitutes an important foundation for further development and understanding of nanocellulose materials on the level of their nanoscale building blocks and their interactions, which in turn are decisive for their macroscopic properties.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC), 2025
National Category
Paper, Pulp and Fiber Technology
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-361628 (URN)10.1039/d4nr04381b (DOI)001444772800001 ()40070204 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-105002162860 (Scopus ID)
Note

QC 20250324

Available from: 2025-03-24 Created: 2025-03-24 Last updated: 2025-05-07Bibliographically approved
Todorovic, T., Norström, E., Fogelström, L. & Malmström, E. (2024). Chitosan-graft-poly(vinyl acetate) for wood-adhesive applications. International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives, 135, Article ID 103818.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Chitosan-graft-poly(vinyl acetate) for wood-adhesive applications
2024 (English)In: International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives, ISSN 0143-7496, E-ISSN 1879-0127, Vol. 135, article id 103818Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Poly(vinyl acetate), PVAc, adhesives are commonly used for wood bonding; however, they are fossil-based and the final products usually do not have a sufficient water resistance for more durable applications. In this study we prepared an adhesive formulation by grafting VAc from chitosan using emulsion polymerization, chitosan-graft-PVAc. Thereby, we could decrease the fossil-based content of the adhesive and at the same time significantly improve the water resistance. Chitosan by itself has very good bonding properties as a wood adhesive, especially regarding water resistance; however, very low solid contents of the adhesive formulation can be achieved due to a very high viscosity of chitosan adhesives. In our chitosan-graft-PVAc adhesives, we explored two chitosan samples with different molecular weights, by using as-received chitosan and hydrolyzing it to a lower molecular weight. The chitosan fractions in the adhesives prepared with a higher molecular weight chitosan were 15, 20 and 25 wt%. However, due to the high viscosity, a solid content higher than 17 wt% could not be achieved for these adhesives. Sufficient bond strengths were achieved when the adhesive was applied in 122 g/m2 solid spread rate. In order to decrease the viscosity, we used hydrolyzed chitosan, with a lower molecular weight, to allow for a higher adhesive solid content, 34 wt%, and for a higher chitosan fraction, 40 wt%. In the adhesive with 40 wt% chitosan and 17 wt% solid content, all VAc was grafted from chitosan. This decreased the molecular mobility of the chains, leading to a lower susceptibility to plastic creep in the adhesive which contributes to the final bond strength. The dry and wet strengths of the specimens bonded with adhesives containing chitosan were higher than the strength of the specimens bonded with the reference PVAc adhesive.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier BV, 2024
Keywords
Adhesives for wood, Chitosan-graft-poly(vinyl acetate), Lap-shear, Mechanical properties of adhesives, Water based
National Category
Polymer Technologies
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-353931 (URN)10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2024.103818 (DOI)001317665400001 ()2-s2.0-85203839046 (Scopus ID)
Note

QC 20241008

Available from: 2024-09-25 Created: 2024-09-25 Last updated: 2024-10-08Bibliographically approved
Todorovic, T., Demircan, D., Ekström, J., Hjelm, L., Malmström, E. & Fogelström, L. (2024). Locust bean gum as an adhesive for wood particleboards. Industrial crops and products (Print), 208, 117841, Article ID 117841.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Locust bean gum as an adhesive for wood particleboards
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2024 (English)In: Industrial crops and products (Print), ISSN 0926-6690, E-ISSN 1872-633X, Vol. 208, p. 117841-, article id 117841Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Locust bean gum, derived from the carob tree, was evaluated as a biobased adhesive in particleboard manufacturing, investigating the effect of adhesive amount, mat moisture content, and process parameters such as temperature and time. Single-layer particleboards prepared with locust bean gum showed that effective hydration of the polymer chains is necessary to achieve satisfactory interactions with wood and thus yield a sufficient particleboard strength. A mat moisture content below 30 % resulted in weak particleboards, which easily broke immediately after pressing. With increasing mat moisture content, while keeping the adhesive amount constant, the internal bond strength was increased. Moreover, with constant mat moisture contents (40 %), the internal bond strength increased when the adhesive amount was increased, even though not proportionally. With an increase from 9 % to 18 % adhesive, the internal bond strength was increased by more than 100 %. However, with a further increase in adhesive content from 18 % to 36 %, the increase in internal bond strength was statistically insignificant. Even with high mat moisture contents (35–45 %), larger lab-scale particleboards had internal bond strength that fulfilled standard requirements for P2 boards, commonly used for furniture in dry conditions (SS EN 312), when the pressing time was long enough (75 s/mm) to allow for water and vapors to be removed before releasing the pressure. Using biopolymers as adhesives, without extensive chemical modification and hazardous crosslinkers, could lead to a more benign and sustainable particleboard production. Since the chemistry and setting/curing processes of biopolymer-based adhesives differ from those of the fossil-based adhesives used today, increased understanding of how production parameters affect the properties of the particleboards prepared with biopolymers may pave the way for their better utilization in this field.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier BV, 2024
Keywords
Internal bond, Locust bean gum, Particleboards, Polysaccharide, Strength, Water resistance, Wood adhesive
National Category
Wood Science Polymer Technologies
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-341449 (URN)10.1016/j.indcrop.2023.117841 (DOI)001128539100001 ()2-s2.0-85178447036 (Scopus ID)
Note

QC 20231213

Available from: 2024-01-10 Created: 2024-01-10 Last updated: 2024-01-15Bibliographically approved
Pezzana, L., Malmström, E., Johansson, M., Casalegno, V. & Sangermano, M. (2024). Multiple approaches to exploit ferulic acid bio-based epoxy monomer for green thermoset. Industrial crops and products (Print), 212, Article ID 118304.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Multiple approaches to exploit ferulic acid bio-based epoxy monomer for green thermoset
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2024 (English)In: Industrial crops and products (Print), ISSN 0926-6690, E-ISSN 1872-633X, Vol. 212, article id 118304Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Bio-based monomers are under investigation to replace fossil-based materials due to the concerns regarding climate change and depletion of fossil raw materials. Lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose represent the main interesting platform to use for developing new monomers due to their significant abundance. Ferulic acid is one of the moieties derived from lignin which can be suitable for many applications. In this study, the ferulic acid was epoxidated and it was investigated in cationic UV-curing. Due to the limited performance obtained during UV-curing, two alternative strategies were developed to overcome the initial problem of poor material properties. A thiol-ene epoxy system based on the ferulic epoxy derivative and a commercially available thiol as well as a thermally cured system based on pure cationic curing of ferulic acid diepoxy were chosen as alternative methods. The different curing processes were thoroughly investigated by means of FTIR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy) and photo-DSC (differential scanning calorimetry). The thermo-mechanical properties of the thermosets employing DMA- (dynamic mechanical analysis) and tensile analysis were deeply evaluated. Finally, the possibility to use the best cured system as an adhesive was raised investigating the shear strength of metallic and composite joined samples using the single lap offset (SLO) test under compression.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier BV, 2024
Keywords
Bio-based monomer, Cationic, Ferulic acid, Thiol-ene, Thiol-epoxy, UV-curing
National Category
Polymer Chemistry
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-344332 (URN)10.1016/j.indcrop.2024.118304 (DOI)001203996600001 ()2-s2.0-85186542051 (Scopus ID)
Note

QC 20240503

Available from: 2024-03-13 Created: 2024-03-13 Last updated: 2024-05-03Bibliographically approved
Harder, C., Betker, M., Alexakis, A. E., Bulut, Y., Sochor, B., Söderberg, D., . . . Roth, S. V. (2024). Poly(sobrerol methacrylate) Colloidal Inks Sprayed onto Cellulose Nanofibril Thin Films for Anticounterfeiting Applications. ACS Applied Nano Materials, 7(9), 10840-10851
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Poly(sobrerol methacrylate) Colloidal Inks Sprayed onto Cellulose Nanofibril Thin Films for Anticounterfeiting Applications
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2024 (English)In: ACS Applied Nano Materials, E-ISSN 2574-0970, Vol. 7, no 9, p. 10840-10851Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

The colloidal layer formation on porous materials is a crucial step for printing and applying functional coatings, which can be used to fabricate anticounterfeiting paper. The deposition of colloidal layers and subsequent thermal treatment allows for modifying the hydrophilicity of the surface of a material. In the present work, wood-based colloidal inks are applied by spray deposition on spray-deposited porous cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) films. The surface modification by thermal annealing of the fabricated colloid-cellulose hybrid thin films is investigated in terms of layering and hydrophobicity. The polymer colloids in the inks are core-shell nanoparticles with different sizes and glass transition temperatures (T-g), thus enabling different and low thermal treatment temperatures. The ratio between the core polymers, poly(sobrerol methacrylate) (PSobMA), and poly(-butyl methacrylate) (PBMA) determines the T-g and hence allows for tailoring of the T-g. The layer formation of the colloidal inks on the porous CNF layer depends on the imbibition properties of the CNF layer which is determined by their morphology. The water adhesion of the CNF layer decreases due to the deposition of the colloids and thermal treatment except for the colloids with a size smaller than the void size of the porous CNF film. In this case, the colloids are imbibed into the CNF layer when T-g of the colloids is reached and the polymer chains transit in a mobile phase. Tailored aggregate and nanoscale-embedded hybrid structures are achieved depending on the colloid properties. The imbibition of these colloids into the porous CNF films is verified with grazing incidence small-angle X-ray scattering. This study shows a route for tuning the nanoscale structure and macroscopic physicochemical properties useful for anticounterfeiting paper.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
American Chemical Society (ACS), 2024
Keywords
cellulose nanofibrils, thin films, wetting, colloids, colloidal films, surface energy, GISAXS
National Category
Paper, Pulp and Fiber Technology
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-347168 (URN)10.1021/acsanm.4c01302 (DOI)001227987300001 ()2-s2.0-85192139557 (Scopus ID)
Note

QC 20240604

Available from: 2024-06-04 Created: 2024-06-04 Last updated: 2024-06-04Bibliographically approved
Jerlhagen, Å., Wilson, O. R. & Malmström, E. (2024). Self-Catalyzed Hydrolysis of Nitrile-Containing RAFT Chain-Transfer Agent and Its Impact upon Polymerization Control of Methacrylic Monomers. ACS Macro Letters, 13(5), 565-570
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Self-Catalyzed Hydrolysis of Nitrile-Containing RAFT Chain-Transfer Agent and Its Impact upon Polymerization Control of Methacrylic Monomers
2024 (English)In: ACS Macro Letters, E-ISSN 2161-1653, Vol. 13, no 5, p. 565-570Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Self-catalyzed hydrolysis upon storage of the common RAFT chain-transfer agent (CTA) 4-cyano-4-[(thiothiopropyl)sulfanyl] pentanoic acid (CTPPA) is confirmed, where the nitrile group is transformed into an amide by catalysis from the adjacent carboxylic acid moiety. The amide-CTA (APP) is found to poorly control molecular weight evolution during polymerization of two methacrylates, methyl methacrylate (MMA) and N,N-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA), likely due to poor reinitiation speed in the pre-equilibrium. However, when attached to a macromolecule, the impact of this amide moiety becomes insignificant and chain extension proceeds as expected with CTPPA. In light of CTPPA and similarly hydrolyzable CTAs being extensively employed for aqueous polymerizations of methacrylates, these findings highlight the importance of CTA purity when performing RAFT polymerizations.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
American Chemical Society (ACS), 2024
National Category
Chemical Sciences
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-347156 (URN)10.1021/acsmacrolett.4c00112 (DOI)001228810900001 ()38636106 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-85191070237 (Scopus ID)
Note

QC 20240604

Available from: 2024-06-04 Created: 2024-06-04 Last updated: 2025-05-07Bibliographically approved
Mousa, M., Jonsson, M., Granbom, L., Larsson Kron, A. & Malmström, E. (2024). Thermally expandable microspheres based on fully or partially bio-based polymers. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 141(20), Article ID e55368.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Thermally expandable microspheres based on fully or partially bio-based polymers
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2024 (English)In: Journal of Applied Polymer Science, ISSN 0021-8995, E-ISSN 1097-4628, Vol. 141, no 20, article id e55368Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Bio-based or partially bio-based thermally expandable microspheres were synthesized by suspension (co)polymerization of the bio-based monomer α-methylene-γ-valerolactone (MeMBL) together with acrylonitrile and/or methyl methacrylate to form expandable core/shell particles by encapsulating a hydrocarbon-based blowing agent. The core/shell polymers were characterized with respect to their chemical structure, thermal expansion and morphology. The obtained particles, thermally expandable microspheres (TEMs), showed an increasing onset expansion temperature with increasing content of MeMBL owing to the high glass transition temperature of PMeMBL. As a result, bio-based/partially bio-based TEMs are achieved with high thermal stability and expansion properties which can be tailored for various applications.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Wiley, 2024
National Category
Polymer Chemistry
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-343574 (URN)10.1002/app.55368 (DOI)001174786500001 ()2-s2.0-85186631393 (Scopus ID)
Note

QC 20240320

Available from: 2024-02-20 Created: 2024-02-20 Last updated: 2025-03-20Bibliographically approved
Alexakis, A. E., Ayyachi, T., Mousa, M., Olsen, P. & Malmström, E. (2023). 2-Methoxy-4-Vinylphenol as a Biobased Monomer Precursor for Thermoplastics and Thermoset Polymers. Polymers, 15(9), Article ID 2168.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>2-Methoxy-4-Vinylphenol as a Biobased Monomer Precursor for Thermoplastics and Thermoset Polymers
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2023 (English)In: Polymers, E-ISSN 2073-4360, Vol. 15, no 9, article id 2168Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

To address the increasing demand for biobased materials, lignin-derived ferulic acid (FA) is a promising candidate. In this study, an FA-derived styrene-like monomer, referred to as 2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol (MVP), was used as the platform to prepare functional monomers for radical polymerizations. Hydrophobic biobased monomers derived from MVP were polymerized via solution and emulsion polymerization resulting in homo- and copolymers with a wide range of thermal properties, thus showcasing their potential in thermoplastic applications. Moreover, divinylbenzene (DVB)-like monomers were prepared from MVP by varying the aliphatic chain length between the MVP units. These biobased monomers were thermally crosslinked with thiol-bearing reagents to produce thermosets with different crosslinking densities in order to demonstrate their thermosetting applications. The results of this study expand the scope of MVP-derived monomers that can be used in free-radical polymerizations toward the preparation of new biobased and functional materials from lignin.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
MDPI AG, 2023
Keywords
lignin, biomass, emulsion, crosslinking, curing, thiol-ene
National Category
Polymer Chemistry
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-328318 (URN)10.3390/polym15092168 (DOI)000987483600001 ()37177314 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-85159337521 (Scopus ID)
Note

QC 20230607

Available from: 2023-06-07 Created: 2023-06-07 Last updated: 2024-01-17Bibliographically approved
Alexakis, A. E., Wilson, O. R. & Malmström, E. (2023). Bimodal nanolatexes prepared via polymerization-induced self-assembly: losing control in a controlled manner. Polymer Chemistry, 14(19), 2308-2316
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Bimodal nanolatexes prepared via polymerization-induced self-assembly: losing control in a controlled manner
2023 (English)In: Polymer Chemistry, ISSN 1759-9954, E-ISSN 1759-9962, Vol. 14, no 19, p. 2308-2316Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

The combination of reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer (RAFT) polymerization with polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA) is known to yield monodisperse nanolatexes. Interestingly, based on the results of the current study, reproducible bimodal nanolatexes were shown to be the result of chain extension of protonated poly(2-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) (PDMAEMA) with methyl methacrylate (MMA) in water when aiming for a longer hydrophobic block, for which we provide the first imaging data to our knowledge. The bimodality was found to be induced by the hydrophilic Z-group of the RAFT agent, which has been reported in the literature to be the cause of bimodal molecular weight distributions in RAFT-mediated PISA in emulsion polymerization. Moreover, the advantages of such reproducible bimodal size distribution nanolatexes in coating applications were investigated briefly, underlining the possibilities of their one-pot synthesis. It was found that when bimodal nanolatexes are adsorbed onto cellulose filter paper, the contact angle against water is higher compared to chemically similar monomodal nanolatexes. Also, the morphological arrangement was found to be dependent on the drying protocol. This study aims to expand our understanding on bimodality and the identification of parameters that could promote it on demand to target high-end applications.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC), 2023
National Category
Polymer Chemistry
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-330922 (URN)10.1039/d3py00090g (DOI)000968057400001 ()2-s2.0-85152106501 (Scopus ID)
Note

QC 20230704

Available from: 2023-07-04 Created: 2023-07-04 Last updated: 2023-07-04Bibliographically approved
Mousa, M., Jonsson, M., Wilson, O. R., Geerts, R., Bergenudd, H., Bengtsson, C., . . . Malmström, E. (2023). Branched polyesters from radical ring-opening polymerization of cyclic ketene acetals: synthesis, chemical hydrolysis and biodegradation. Polymer Chemistry, 14(47), 5154-5165
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Branched polyesters from radical ring-opening polymerization of cyclic ketene acetals: synthesis, chemical hydrolysis and biodegradation
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2023 (English)In: Polymer Chemistry, ISSN 1759-9954, E-ISSN 1759-9962, Vol. 14, no 47, p. 5154-5165Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC), 2023
National Category
Polymer Chemistry
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-343573 (URN)10.1039/d3py00630a (DOI)001084242500001 ()2-s2.0-85175490809 (Scopus ID)
Note

QC 20240226

Available from: 2024-02-20 Created: 2024-02-20 Last updated: 2024-03-04Bibliographically approved
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ORCID iD: ORCID iD iconorcid.org/0000-0002-8348-2273

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