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Leygraf, ChristopherORCID iD iconorcid.org/0000-0002-9453-1333
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Publications (10 of 254) Show all publications
Chang, T., Leygraf, C., Herting, G., Fan, Y., Babu, P., Malkoch, M., . . . Odnevall, I. (2024). Effect of blue light illumination on atmospheric corrosion and bacterial adhesion on copper. Corrosion Science, 230, Article ID 111909.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Effect of blue light illumination on atmospheric corrosion and bacterial adhesion on copper
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2024 (English)In: Corrosion Science, ISSN 0010-938X, E-ISSN 1879-0496, Vol. 230, article id 111909Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

The effect of blue light on atmospheric corrosion of Cu and on the antimicrobial properties was explored upon exposure mimicking the condition of hygienic surface disinfection. The results show that blue light illumination enhanced the formation of Cu2O, resulting in a slightly increased corrosion resistance of Cu without pre-deposited NaCl, whereas the enhanced formation of Cu2O, CuCl and/or Cu(OH)3Cl on copper with pre-deposited NaCl caused concomitant corrosion product flaking and a reduced corrosion resistance. The blue light induced enhancement of Cu corrosion led to increased surface roughness and more pronounced integration of bacteria within the corrosion products.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier BV, 2024
Keywords
Atmospheric corrosion, Bacteria (E. coli), Blue light, Chloride, Copper
National Category
Corrosion Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-343995 (URN)10.1016/j.corsci.2024.111909 (DOI)2-s2.0-85185492077 (Scopus ID)
Note

QC 20240229

Available from: 2024-02-28 Created: 2024-02-28 Last updated: 2024-02-29Bibliographically approved
Ratia-Hanby, V., Isotahdon, E., Yue, X., Malmberg, P., Leygraf, C., Pan, J. & Huttunen-Saarivirta, E. (2023). Characterization of surface films that develop on pre-oxidized copper in anoxic simulated groundwater with sulphide. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 676, Article ID 132214.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Characterization of surface films that develop on pre-oxidized copper in anoxic simulated groundwater with sulphide
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2023 (English)In: Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, ISSN 0927-7757, E-ISSN 1873-4359, Vol. 676, article id 132214Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Surface films formed on pre-oxidized copper in anoxic simulated groundwater with sulphide were characterized by field emission gun scanning electron microscopy (FEG-SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), open circuit potential (OCP) measurements, and via analysing the water chemistry and weight changes in the specimens. Additionally, films developed under identical conditions on pre-oxidized and ground copper specimens were characterized by glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy (GDOES). The results revealed that the sulphide content in the groundwater significantly influences the morphology, composition and thickness of the surface film. The build-up of Cu2S was evidenced at the sulphide contents of 32 mg/L and 320 mg/L. GDOES depth profiling revealed that sulphur and oxygen coexisted in the film all through its thickness, yet the surface was essentially rich in sulphur. The results from characterization are presented in detail in this paper and discussed from the perspective of capabilities of the used methods.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier BV, 2023
Keywords
Copper, Copper sulphide, Cuprous oxide, Surface film, Thickness
National Category
Corrosion Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-334957 (URN)10.1016/j.colsurfa.2023.132214 (DOI)001073107900001 ()2-s2.0-85167968531 (Scopus ID)
Note

QC 20230830

Available from: 2023-08-30 Created: 2023-08-30 Last updated: 2023-10-16Bibliographically approved
Yue, X., Malmberg, P., Isotahdon, E., Ratia-Hanby, V., Huttunen-Saarivirta, E., Leygraf, C. & Pan, J. (2023). Penetration of corrosive species into copper exposed to simulated O2-free groundwater by time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS). Corrosion Science, 210, 110833, Article ID 110833.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Penetration of corrosive species into copper exposed to simulated O2-free groundwater by time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS)
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2023 (English)In: Corrosion Science, ISSN 0010-938X, E-ISSN 1879-0496, Vol. 210, p. 110833-, article id 110833Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

ToF-SIMS analysis of copper samples after exposures to simulated groundwater with and without sulfide addition was performed to investigate the penetration of corrosive species containing H, S, O, and Cl, into copper. Depth profiles show extent of penetration and 2D/3D images reveal local elemental distribution of the corrosive species at different depths inside copper. Pre-oxidation did not reduce the penetration while sulfide additional in groundwater and exposure at 60 degrees C significantly promoted the penetration. The extent of penetration of the corrosive species into copper demonstrates the need for risk assessment of complex corrosion forms such as sulfide-induced embrittlement and cracking.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier BV, 2023
Keywords
Copper, Anoxic corrosion, Sulfide, ToF-SIMS, Nuclear waste
National Category
Metallurgy and Metallic Materials
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-323036 (URN)10.1016/j.corsci.2022.110833 (DOI)000903715600001 ()2-s2.0-85143213802 (Scopus ID)
Note

QC 20230112

Available from: 2023-01-12 Created: 2023-01-12 Last updated: 2023-01-12Bibliographically approved
Pan, J., Yue, X., Malmberg, P., Isotahdon, E., Ratia-Hanby, V., Huttunen-Saarivirta, E. & Leygraf, C. (2023). Reply to comment on "Penetration of corrosive species into copper exposed to simulated O2-free groundwater by time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS)" [Letter to the editor]. Corrosion Science, 217, Article ID 111137.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Reply to comment on "Penetration of corrosive species into copper exposed to simulated O2-free groundwater by time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS)"
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2023 (English)In: Corrosion Science, ISSN 0010-938X, E-ISSN 1879-0496, Vol. 217, article id 111137Article in journal, Letter (Refereed) Published
Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier BV, 2023
Keywords
Copper, Nuclear waste disposal, Sulphur-induced corrosion, Hydrogen embrittlement, ToF-SIMS, Nano-SIMS
National Category
Analytical Chemistry
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-326872 (URN)10.1016/j.corsci.2023.111137 (DOI)000975166200001 ()2-s2.0-85151452206 (Scopus ID)
Note

QC 20230515

Available from: 2023-05-15 Created: 2023-05-15 Last updated: 2023-05-15Bibliographically approved
Zhang, H., Leygraf, C., Wen, L., Huang, F., Chang, H. & Jin, Y. (2023). The formation of hydride and its influence on Ti-6Al-4V alloy fracture behavior. International journal of hydrogen energy, 48(92), 36169-36184
Open this publication in new window or tab >>The formation of hydride and its influence on Ti-6Al-4V alloy fracture behavior
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2023 (English)In: International journal of hydrogen energy, ISSN 0360-3199, E-ISSN 1879-3487, Vol. 48, no 92, p. 36169-36184Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

The fracture mechanism of hydrogen charged Ti-6Al-4V has been investigated through a multianalytical approach. The difference in hydrogen solubility between 13 phase (high solubility) anda phase (low) governs the formation and growth pattern of titanium hydrides, and determine the fracture mode of Ti-6Al-4V. Depending on the hydrogen charging extent, the penetration of hydrogen and distribution of hydrides can be divided into three stages. In the initial stage hydrogen diffuses mainly into the 13 phase, as judged from its increase in Volta potential, and with no hydrides formed. Failure analysis after tensile tests exhibits plastic behavior and a fracture surface with mainly dimples. In the subsequent transition stage, hydrides are formed at the a/13 interfaces and along a grain boundaries. More initial cracks occur in the brittle hydrides and the fracture surface transforms from dimple to quasi-cleavage. In the final stage a layer of uniformly distributed hydride is produced on the surface and within the a phase. Supported by nanoindentation measurements, the plasticity of the charged sample diminishes with hydrogen charging time, and an intergranular-transgranular mixed fracture is observed. Overall, the study forms clear evidence that the distribution and cracks of hydrides influence the fracture mode of the Ti-6A-4V alloy.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier BV, 2023
Keywords
Titanium alloy, Hydrogen embrittlement, Hydride, Nanoindentation, Scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy
National Category
Other Materials Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-340888 (URN)10.1016/j.ijhydene.2023.05.226 (DOI)001106923100001 ()2-s2.0-85162890894 (Scopus ID)
Note

QC 20231215

Available from: 2023-12-15 Created: 2023-12-15 Last updated: 2023-12-15Bibliographically approved
Bender, R., Féron, D., Mills, D., Ritter, S., Bäßler, R., Bettge, D., . . . Zheludkevich, M. (2022). Corrosion challenges towards a sustainable society. Materials and corrosion - Werkstoffe und Korrosion, 73(11), 1730-1751
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Corrosion challenges towards a sustainable society
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2022 (English)In: Materials and corrosion - Werkstoffe und Korrosion, ISSN 0947-5117, E-ISSN 1521-4176, Vol. 73, no 11, p. 1730-1751Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

A global transition towards more sustainable, affordable and reliable energy systems is being stimulated by the Paris Agreement and the United Nation's 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. This poses a challenge for the corrosion industry, as building climate-resilient energy systems and infrastructures brings with it a long-term direction, so as a result the long-term behaviour of structural materials (mainly metals and alloys) becomes a major prospect. With this in mind “Corrosion Challenges Towards a Sustainable Society” presents a series of cases showing the importance of corrosion protection of metals and alloys in the development of energy production to further understand the science of corrosion, and bring the need for research and the consequences of corrosion into public and political focus. This includes emphasis on the limitation of greenhouse gas emissions, on the lifetime of infrastructures, implants, cultural heritage artefacts, and a variety of other topics. 

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Wiley, 2022
Keywords
corrosion, corrosion costs, corrosion protection, preventive strategies, Corrosion prevention, Gas emissions, Greenhouse gases, Sustainable development, Energy infrastructures, Energy systems, Global transitions, Metals and alloys, Reliable energy, Sustainable energy, Sustainable society, United Nations
National Category
Corrosion Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-325265 (URN)10.1002/maco.202213140 (DOI)000821629400001 ()2-s2.0-85133500656 (Scopus ID)
Note

QC 20230404

Available from: 2023-04-04 Created: 2023-04-04 Last updated: 2023-04-04Bibliographically approved
Zhao, W., Babu, P., Chang, T., Odnevall Wallinder, I., Hedström, P., Johnson, C. M. & Leygraf, C. (2022). Initial atmospheric corrosion studies of copper from macroscale to nanoscale in a simulated indoor atmospheric environment. Corrosion Science, 195, Article ID 109995.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Initial atmospheric corrosion studies of copper from macroscale to nanoscale in a simulated indoor atmospheric environment
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2022 (English)In: Corrosion Science, ISSN 0010-938X, E-ISSN 1879-0496, Vol. 195, article id 109995Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Corrosion effects on copper exposed in a humid atmosphere with formic acid (mimicking indoor corrosion) have been explored through successive increase in surface lateral resolution from macroscale (IRRAS, GIXRD) over microscale (LOM, SEM, IR microscopy) to nanoscale (Nano-FTIR, FIB/SEM/EDS). Initial more uniform growth of Cu2O is followed by more varying topography and thickness until local removal of Cu2O enables the aqueous adlayer to react with the copper substrate. Local formation of Cu(OH)(HCOO) and adjacent Cu2O provide microscopic and spectroscopic evidence of corrosion cells. Nano-FTIR shows that the density of Cu(OH)(HCOO) nuclei, but not their size, increases with exposure time.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier BV, 2022
Keywords
Copper, Atmospheric corrosion, Nano-FTIR, SEM, FIB, EDS, Corrosion cell
National Category
Corrosion Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-311883 (URN)10.1016/j.corsci.2021.109995 (DOI)000783072900002 ()2-s2.0-85120685093 (Scopus ID)
Note

QC 20220506

Available from: 2022-05-06 Created: 2022-05-06 Last updated: 2024-03-18Bibliographically approved
Chang, T., Sepati, M., Herting, G., Leygraf, C., Rajarao, G. K., Butina, K., . . . Odnevall Wallinder, I. (2021). A novel methodology to study antimicrobial properties of high-touch surfaces used for indoor hygiene applications-A study on Cu metal. PLOS ONE, 16(2), Article ID e0247081.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>A novel methodology to study antimicrobial properties of high-touch surfaces used for indoor hygiene applications-A study on Cu metal
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2021 (English)In: PLOS ONE, E-ISSN 1932-6203, Vol. 16, no 2, article id e0247081Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Metal-based high-touch surfaces used for indoor applications such as doorknobs, light switches, handles and desks need to remain their antimicrobial properties even when tarnished or degraded. A novel laboratory methodology of relevance for indoor atmospheric conditions and fingerprint contact has therefore been elaborated for combined studies of both tarnishing/corrosion and antimicrobial properties of such high-touch surfaces. Cu metal was used as a benchmark material. The protocol includes pre-tarnishing/corrosion of the high touch surface for different time periods in a climatic chamber at repeated dry/wet conditions and artificial sweat deposition followed by the introduction of bacteria onto the surfaces via artificial sweat droplets. This methodology provides a more realistic and reproducible approach compared with other reported procedures to determine the antimicrobial efficiency of high-touch surfaces. It provides further a possibility to link the antimicrobial characteristics to physical and chemical properties such as surface composition, chemical reactivity, tarnishing/corrosion, surface roughness and surface wettability. The results elucidate that bacteria interactions as well as differences in extent of tarnishing can alter the physical properties (e.g. surface wettability, surface roughness) as well as the extent of metal release. The results clearly elucidate the importance to consider changes in chemical and physical properties of indoor hygiene surfaces when assessing their antimicrobial properties.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Public Library of Science (PLoS), 2021
National Category
Materials Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-293006 (URN)10.1371/journal.pone.0247081 (DOI)000624536800106 ()33630868 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-85102097367 (Scopus ID)
Note

QC 20210420

Available from: 2021-04-20 Created: 2021-04-20 Last updated: 2022-06-25Bibliographically approved
Zhao, W., Chang, T., Leygraf, C. & Johnson, C. M. (2021). Corrosion inhibition of copper with octadecylphosphonic acid (ODPA) in a simulated indoor atmospheric environment. Corrosion Science, 192(109777)
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Corrosion inhibition of copper with octadecylphosphonic acid (ODPA) in a simulated indoor atmospheric environment
2021 (English)In: Corrosion Science, ISSN 0010-938X, E-ISSN 1879-0496, Vol. 192, no 109777Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

The corrosion inhibition of self-assembled octadecylphosphonic acid (ODPA) layers on non-oxidized and pre-oxidized copper and Langmuir-Blodgett deposited ODPA layers on pre-oxidized copper was investigated under a simulated indoor atmospheric corrosion environment containing 80% RH and 100 ppb formic acid. The corrosion process was monitored in-situ with infrared absorption/reflection spectroscopy, and the corrosion products were further characterised by grazing incidence X-ray diffraction. Nano-FTIR microscopy was used to reveal the nature, size, and distribution of the corrosion products on the nanoscale. The combination of pre-formed cuprite and ODPA layers, both with only some nanometres thickness, provided an excellent protection under this environment.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier BV, 2021
National Category
Corrosion Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-302660 (URN)10.1016/j.corsci.2021.109777 (DOI)000700924900002 ()2-s2.0-85113958426 (Scopus ID)
Note

QC 20211011

Available from: 2021-09-28 Created: 2021-09-28 Last updated: 2023-07-03Bibliographically approved
Liu, M., Jin, Y., Chen, B., Leygraf, C., Wang, L. & Pan, J. (2021). Density Functional Theory Study of Influence of Oxide Thickness and Surface Alloying on Cl Migration within alpha-Al2O3. Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 168(8), Article ID 081508.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Density Functional Theory Study of Influence of Oxide Thickness and Surface Alloying on Cl Migration within alpha-Al2O3
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2021 (English)In: Journal of the Electrochemical Society, ISSN 0013-4651, E-ISSN 1945-7111, Vol. 168, no 8, article id 081508Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Insertion and migration of chlorine atoms (Cl) in alpha-Al2O3 were studied by density functional theory calculations focusing on the influence of oxide thickness and doping by Mg, Cu and Si. Work function, electronic band gap, and insertion energy were calculated to explore thermodynamics of Cl migration. Partial density of state (PDOS) calculations revealed the role of dopants in the electronic character of metal-O and Al-Cl bonds. Work function data showed the effect of Cl insertion into the oxide film on the corrosion resistance. Cl can locate at an O vacancy (V-O) with a large exothermic insertion energy, independent of oxide thickness, but can only locate at superficial Al vacancy (V-Al) exothermically. The energy barrier for Cl migration via neighboring V-O increases with oxide thickness, and is 2 similar to 2.5 eV for thicker oxides. Cl insertion causes a work function reduction exceeding 2 eV, implying a decreased corrosion resistance. The inhibition of Cl migration by Si-doping can be explained by a more intense hybridization peak of Si-O over Al-O in the PDOS profile, while the reduction of energy barrier by Mg-/Cu-doping probably is due to the deviation of metal-s state from the Fermi energy, thus facilitating Cl movement within the oxide.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
The Electrochemical Society, 2021
National Category
Inorganic Chemistry
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-300859 (URN)10.1149/1945-7111/ac1cc4 (DOI)000687639300001 ()2-s2.0-85114417287 (Scopus ID)
Note

QC 20210923

Available from: 2021-09-23 Created: 2021-09-23 Last updated: 2022-10-11Bibliographically approved
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ORCID iD: ORCID iD iconorcid.org/0000-0002-9453-1333

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