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Gustafsson, Jon PetterORCID iD iconorcid.org/0000-0001-8771-7941
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Publications (10 of 126) Show all publications
Tuyishime, J. R., Adediran, G. A., Olsson, B. A., Spohn, M., Hillier, S., Klysubun, W. & Gustafsson, J. P. (2022). Phosphorus abundance and speciation in acid forest Podzols - Effect of postglacial weathering. Geoderma, 406, Article ID 115500.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Phosphorus abundance and speciation in acid forest Podzols - Effect of postglacial weathering
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2022 (English)In: Geoderma, ISSN 0016-7061, E-ISSN 1872-6259, Vol. 406, article id 115500Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

The molecular speciation of phosphorus (P) in forest soils is of strategic importance for sustainable forest management. However, only limited information exists about soil P speciation in boreal forests. We combined P K-edge XANES spectroscopy, wet chemical P extractions, and X-ray diffraction analysis of soil minerals to investigate the vertical distribution of P species in seven podzolised forest soils differing in soil properties and climatic conditions. The results showed that the total P stock was on average, 4.0 g m(-2) in the Oe horizon, 9.5 g m(-2) in the A and E horizons, and substantially higher (117.5 g m(-2), and 109.3 g m(-2)) in the B and C horizons down to 80 cm depth, respectively. Although the Oe horizons contain a minor total P stock, 87% of it was stored as organic P. The composition of P species in the P-depleted A/E horizons was highly variable depending on the site. However, of the P stored in B and C horizons down to 80 cm, 58% was adsorbed P, mostly to Al, while apatite accounted for 25% of P, most of which was found in the C horizons. The apatite stocks in the A/E, B, and C horizons (down to 80 cm) accounted for 2.5%, 20%, and 77.2%, respectively, of the total apatite for all the mineral soils studied. These figures can be explained, first, by the dissolution of primary mineral apatite caused mainly by acidification. Second, P uptake by plants and microorganisms, and the associated formation of the Oe horizons, led to the formation of soil organic P. Further, the formation of organo-metal complexes and podzolization led to the translocation of P to the B horizons, where P accumulated mostly as P adsorbed to imogolite-type materials (e.g. allophane) and ferrihydrite, as shown by P K-edge XANES spectroscopy. In conclusion, this study shows that despite the young age of these soils (<15,000 years), most of the primary mineral apatite in the upper 30 cm has been transformed into organic P, and Fe-, Al-bound PO 4 . Moreover, the subsoil P, mainly consisting of adsorbed P to Al, and apatite, dominates the P inventory and probably serves as a long-term buffer of P.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier BV, 2022
Keywords
P speciation, P stocks, Apatite weathering, Podzolization, P K-edge XANES spectroscopy
National Category
Soil Science
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-303955 (URN)10.1016/j.geoderma.2021.115500 (DOI)000703716800019 ()2-s2.0-85116098578 (Scopus ID)
Note

QC 20211025

Available from: 2021-10-25 Created: 2021-10-25 Last updated: 2022-06-25Bibliographically approved
Gustafsson, J. P., Braun, S., Tuyishime, J. R., Adediran, G. A., Warrinnier, R. & Hesterberg, D. (2020). A Probabilistic Approach to Phosphorus Speciation of Soils Using P K-edge XANES Spectroscopy with Linear Combination Fitting. Soil systems, 4(2), Article ID 26.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>A Probabilistic Approach to Phosphorus Speciation of Soils Using P K-edge XANES Spectroscopy with Linear Combination Fitting
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2020 (English)In: Soil systems, ISSN 2571-8789, Vol. 4, no 2, article id 26Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

A common technique to quantitatively estimate P speciation in soil samples is to apply linear combination fitting (LCF) to normalized P K-edge X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectra. Despite the rapid growth of such applications, the uncertainties of the fitted weights are still poorly known. Further, there are few reports to what extent the LCF standards represent unique end-members. Here, the co-variance between 34 standards was determined and their significance for LCF was discussed. We present a probabilistic approach for refining the calculation of LCF weights based on Latin hypercube sampling of normalized XANES spectra, where the contributions of energy calibration and normalization to fit uncertainty were considered. Many of the LCF standards, particularly within the same standard groups, were strongly correlated. This supports an approach in which the LCF standards are grouped. Moreover, adsorbed phytates and monetite were well described by other standards, which puts into question their use as end-members in LCF. Use of the probabilistic method resulted in uncertainties ranging from 2 to 11 percentage units. Uncertainties in the calibrated energy were important for the LCF weights, particularly for organic P, which changed with up to 2.7 percentage units per 0.01 eV error in energy. These results highlight the necessity of careful energy calibration and the use of frequent calibration checks. The probabilistic approach, in which at least 100 spectral variants are analyzed, improves our ability to identify the most likely P compounds present in a soil sample, and a procedure for this is suggested in the paper.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
MDPI, 2020
Keywords
XANES, linear combination fitting, uncertainty, phosphorus, Latin hypercube sampling, energy calibration
National Category
Soil Science
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-278939 (URN)10.3390/soilsystems4020026 (DOI)000551259000006 ()2-s2.0-85086821627 (Scopus ID)
Note

QC 20200826

Available from: 2020-08-26 Created: 2020-08-26 Last updated: 2022-06-25Bibliographically approved
Aullón Alcaine, A., Schulz, C., Bundschuh, J., Jacks, G., Thunvik, R., Gustafsson, J. P., . . . Bhattacharya, P. (2020). Hydrogeochemical controls on the mobility of arsenic, fluoride and other geogenic co-contaminants in the shallow aquifers of northeastern La Pampa Province in Argentina. Science of the Total Environment, 715, Article ID 136671.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Hydrogeochemical controls on the mobility of arsenic, fluoride and other geogenic co-contaminants in the shallow aquifers of northeastern La Pampa Province in Argentina
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2020 (English)In: Science of the Total Environment, ISSN 0048-9697, E-ISSN 1879-1026, Vol. 715, article id 136671Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Elevated Arsenic (As) and Fluoride (F) concentrations in groundwater have been studied in the shallow aquifers of northeastern of La Pampa province, in the Chaco-Pampean plain, Argentina. The source of As and co-contaminants is mainly geogenic, from the weathering of volcanic ash and loess (rhyolitic glass) that erupted from the Andean volcanic range. In this study we have assessed the groundwater quality in two semi-arid areas of La Pampa. We have also identified the spatial distribution of As and co-contaminants in groundwater and determined the major factors controlling the mobilization of As in the shallow aquifers. The groundwater samples were circum-neutral to alkaline (7.4 to 92), oxidizing (Eh similar to 0.24 V) and characterized by high salinity (EC = 456-11,400 mu S/cm) and Na+-HCO3- water types in recharge areas. Carbonate concretions ("tosca") were abundant in the upper layers of the shallow aquifer. The concentration of total As (5.6 to 535 mu g/L) and F (0.5 to 14.2 mg/L) were heterogeneous and exceeded the recommended WHO Guidelines and the Argentine Standards for drinking water. The predominant As species were arsenate As(V) oxyanions, determined by thermodynamic calculations. Arsenic was positively correlated with bicarbonate (HCO3-), fluoride (F), boron (B) and vanadium (V), but negatively correlated with iron (Fe), aluminium (Al), and manganese (Mn), which were present in low concentrations. The highest amount of As in sediments was from the surface of the dry lake. The mechanisms for As mobilization are associated with multiple factors: geochemical reactions, hydrogeological characteristics of the local aquifer and climatic factors. Desorption of As(V) at high pH, and ion competition for adsorption sites are considered the principal mechanisms for As mobilization in the shallow aquifers. In addition, the long-term consumption of the groundwater could pose a threat for the health of the local community and low cost remediation techniques are required to improve the drinking water quality.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier, 2020
Keywords
Arsenic, Fluoride, Shallow groundwater, La Pampa, Loess sediments, Volcanic ash
National Category
Earth and Related Environmental Sciences
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-271546 (URN)10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.136671 (DOI)000518409900071 ()32050319 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-85079017376 (Scopus ID)
Note

QC 20200427

Available from: 2020-04-27 Created: 2020-04-27 Last updated: 2024-03-18Bibliographically approved
Braun, S., McLaren, T. I., Frossard, E., Tuyishime, J. R., Börjesson, G. & Gustafsson, J. P. (2020). Phosphorus desorption and isotope exchange kinetics in agricultural soils. Soil use and management
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Phosphorus desorption and isotope exchange kinetics in agricultural soils
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2020 (English)In: Soil use and management, ISSN 0266-0032, E-ISSN 1475-2743Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

To improve phosphorus (P) fertilization and environmental assessments, a better understanding of release kinetics of solid-phase P to soil solution is needed. In this study, Fe (hydr)oxide-coated filter papers (Fh papers), isotopic exchange kinetics (IEK) and chemical extractions were used to assess the sizes of fast and slowly desorbing P pools in the soils of six long-term Swedish field experiments. The P desorption data from the Fh-paper extraction of soil (20 days of continual P removal) were fitted with the Lookman two-compartment desorption model, which estimates the pools of fast (Q1) and slowly (Q2) desorbing P, and their desorption rates k1 and k2. The amounts of isotope-exchangeable P (E) were calculated (E1min to E&gt;3 months) and compared with Q1 and Q2. The strongest relationship was found between E1 min and Q1 (r2 =.87, p &lt;.01). There was also an inverse relationship between the IEK parameter n (the rate of exchange) and k1 (r2 =.52, p &lt;.01) and k2 (r2 =.52, p &lt;.01), suggesting that a soil with a high value of n desorbs less P per time unit. The relationships between these results show that they deliver similar information, but both methods are hard to implement in routine analysis. However, Olsen-extractable P was similar in magnitude to Q1 (P-Olsen = 1.1 × Q1 + 2.3, r2 =.96), n and k1 were related to P-Olsen/P-CaCl2, while k2 was related to P-oxalate/P-Olsen. Therefore, these extractions can be used to estimate the sizes and desorption rates of the different P pools, which could be important for assessments of plant availability and leaching.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Wiley, 2020
Keywords
fertiliser, long term trials, modelling, phosphate, soil analysis, soil improvement, soil use and management
National Category
Agricultural Science
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-291699 (URN)10.1111/sum.12674 (DOI)000589920600001 ()2-s2.0-85096721307 (Scopus ID)
Note

QC 20210319

Available from: 2021-03-19 Created: 2021-03-19 Last updated: 2022-06-25Bibliographically approved
Adediran, G. A., Tuyishime, J. R., Vantelon, D., Klysubun, W. & Gustafsson, J. P. (2020). Phosphorus in 2D: Spatially resolved P speciation in two Swedish forest soils as influenced by apatite weathering and podzolization. Geoderma, 376, Article ID 114550.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Phosphorus in 2D: Spatially resolved P speciation in two Swedish forest soils as influenced by apatite weathering and podzolization
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2020 (English)In: Geoderma, ISSN 0016-7061, E-ISSN 1872-6259, Vol. 376, article id 114550Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

The cycling and long-term supply of phosphorus (P) in soils are of global environmental and agricultural concern. To advance the knowledge, a detailed understanding of both the vertical and lateral variation of P chemical speciation and retention mechanism(s) is required, a knowledge that is limited in postglacial forest soils. We combined the use of synchrotron X-ray fluorescence microscopy with multi-elemental co-localisation analysis and P K-edge XANES spectroscopy to reveal critical chemical and structural soil properties. We established a two-dimensional (2D) imagery of P retention and speciation at a microscale spatial resolution in two forest soil profiles formed in glaciofluvial and wave-washed sand. The abundance and speciation of P in the upper 40 cm was found to be influenced by soil weathering and podzolization, leading to spatial variability in P speciation on the microscale (< 200 pm) with P existing predominantly as organic P and as PO4 adsorbed to allophane and ferrihydrite, according to XANES spectroscopy. These species were mostly retained at sharp edges and in pore spaces within Al and Si-bearing particles. Despite the relatively young age ( < 15,000 years) of the soils, our results show primary mineral apatite to have weathered from the surface horizons. In the C horizon however, a large fraction of the P was in the form of apatite, which appeared as widely dispersed ( > 600 pm) hot spots of inclusions in aluminosilicates or as discrete micro-sized apatite grains. The subsoil apatite represents a pool of P that trees can potentially acquire and thus add to the biogeochemically active P pool in temperate forest soils.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier BV, 2020
Keywords
Phosphorus retention and speciation, Postglacial forest soils, Apatite weathering, Podzolization, X-ray fluorescence microscopy and spectroscopy
National Category
Agricultural Science, Forestry and Fisheries
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-279873 (URN)10.1016/j.geoderma.2020.114550 (DOI)000558138300035 ()2-s2.0-85086821975 (Scopus ID)
Note

QC 20200915

Available from: 2020-09-15 Created: 2020-09-15 Last updated: 2022-06-25Bibliographically approved
Schmieder, F., Gustafsson, J. P., Klysubun, W., Zehetner, F., Riddle, M., Kirchmann, H. & Bergstrom, L. (2020). Phosphorus speciation in cultivated organic soils revealed by P K-edge XANES spectroscopy. Journal of Plant Nutrition And Soil Science/Zeitschrift für Pflanzenernahrung und Bodenkunde, 183(3), 367-381
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Phosphorus speciation in cultivated organic soils revealed by P K-edge XANES spectroscopy
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2020 (English)In: Journal of Plant Nutrition And Soil Science/Zeitschrift für Pflanzenernahrung und Bodenkunde, ISSN 1436-8730, E-ISSN 1522-2624, Vol. 183, no 3, p. 367-381Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Cultivated organic soils make a significant contribution to phosphorus (P) leaching losses from agricultural land, despite occupying a small proportion of cultivated area. However, less is known about P mobilisation processes and the P forms present in peat soils compared with mineral soils. In this study, P forms and their distribution with depth were investigated in two cultivated Histosol profiles, using a combination of wet chemical extraction and P K-edge X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy. Both profiles had elevated P content in the topsoil, amounting to around 40 mmol kg(-1), and P speciation in both profiles was strongly dominated by organic P. Topsoils were particularly rich in organic P (P-org), with relative proportions of up to 80%. Inorganic P in the profiles was almost exclusively adsorbed to surface reactive aluminium (Al) and iron (Fe) minerals. In one of the pro-files, small contributions of Ca-phosphates were detected. A commonly used P saturation index (PSI) based on ammonium-oxalate extraction indicated a low to moderate risk of P leaching from both profiles. However, the capacity of soil Al and Fe to retain P in organic soils could be reduced by high competition from organic compounds for sorption sites. This is not directly accounted for in PSI and similar indices. Accumulation of P-org in the topsoil may be attributable by microbial peat decomposition and transformation of mineral fertiliser P by both microbiota and crops. Moreover, high carbon-phosphorus ratio in the surface peat material in both profiles suggests reduced net mineralisation of P-org in the two soils. However, advancing microbial peat decomposition will eventually lead to complete loss of peat horizons and to mineralisation of P-org. Hence, P-org in both profiles represents a huge potentially mobilised P pool.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Wiley, 2020
Keywords
Histosol, organic phosphorus, phosphorus saturation, soil aluminium, soil iron, X-ray absorption spectroscopy
National Category
Soil Science
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-300812 (URN)10.1002/jpln.201900129 (DOI)000530694400001 ()2-s2.0-85085114597 (Scopus ID)
Note

QC 20210909

Available from: 2021-09-09 Created: 2021-09-09 Last updated: 2022-06-25Bibliographically approved
Campos-Pereira, H., Kleja, D. B., Sjostedt, C., Ahrens, L., Klysubun, W. & Gustafsson, J. P. (2020). The Adsorption of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) onto Ferrihydrite Is Governed by Surface Charge. Environmental Science and Technology, 54(24), 15722-15730
Open this publication in new window or tab >>The Adsorption of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) onto Ferrihydrite Is Governed by Surface Charge
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2020 (English)In: Environmental Science and Technology, ISSN 0013-936X, E-ISSN 1520-5851, Vol. 54, no 24, p. 15722-15730Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

An improved quantitative and qualitative understanding of the interaction of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) and short-range ordered Fe (hydr)oxides is crucial for environmental risk assessment in environments low in natural organic matter. Here, we present data on the pH-dependent sorption behavior of 12 PFASs onto ferrihydrite. The nature of the binding mechanisms was investigated by sulfur K-edge X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy and by phosphate competition experiments. Sulfur K-edge XANES spectroscopy showed that the sulfur atom of the head group of the sulfonated PFASs retained an oxidation state of +V after adsorption. Furthermore, the XANES spectra did not indicate any involvement of inner-sphere surface complexes in the sorption process. Adsorption was inversely related to pH (p < 0.05) for all PFASs (i.e., C-3-C-5 and C-7-C-9 perfluorocarboxylates, C-4, C-6, and C-8 perfluorosulfonates, perfluorooctane sulfonamide, and 6:2 and 8:2 fluorotelomer sulfonates). This was attributed to the pH-dependent charge of the ferrihydrite surface, as reflected in the decrease of surface zeta-potential with increasing pH. The importance of surface charge for PFAS adsorption was further corroborated by the observation that the adsorption of PFASs decreased upon phosphate adsorption in a way that was consistent with the decrease in ferrihydrite zeta-potential. The results show that ferrihydrite can be an important sorbent for PFASs with six or more perfluorinated carbons in acid environments (pH <= 5), particularly when phosphate and other competitors are present in relatively low concentrations.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
American Chemical Society (ACS), 2020
National Category
Earth and Related Environmental Sciences
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-289501 (URN)10.1021/acs.est.0c01646 (DOI)000600100400017 ()33244971 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-85097845927 (Scopus ID)
Note

QC 20210203

Available from: 2021-02-03 Created: 2021-02-03 Last updated: 2022-06-25Bibliographically approved
Envall, I., Fagerlund, F., Westholm, L. J., aberg, C., Bring, A., Land, M. & Gustafsson, J. P. (2020). What evidence exists related to soil retention of phosphorus from on-site wastewater treatment systems in boreal and temperate climate zones?: A systematic map protocol. Environmental Evidence, 9(1), Article ID 22.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>What evidence exists related to soil retention of phosphorus from on-site wastewater treatment systems in boreal and temperate climate zones?: A systematic map protocol
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2020 (English)In: Environmental Evidence, E-ISSN 2047-2382, Vol. 9, no 1, article id 22Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Background Soil-based on-site wastewater treatment systems (OWSs) are suspected to contribute to eutrophication of surface waters, due to the discharge of phosphorus (P). However, along the flow path between the facilities and surface waters, different processes contribute to delay the transport of phosphorus through the ground. This may reduce the unwanted impact on receiving water bodies. However, the strength and significance of this so-called soil retention remains unclear. In Sweden, there are nearly one million OWSs. To protect surface waters, a high P removal rate (up to 90%) is often required by the local municipalities. However, since these requirements may have costly consequences to property owners, it is debated as to whether they are too strict. In this debate, it is often claimed that the retention of P occurring in natural environments may be underestimated by authorities. Accordingly, there is a need for a scrutiny of the available evidence related to soil retention of phosphorus from OWSs. This is the objective of the planned systematic map. Focus will be on boreal and temperate climate zones. Methods Searches will be made for peer-reviewed articles and grey literature using bibliographic databases, search engines, specialist websites and stakeholder contacts. The references will be screened for relevance according to a predefined set of eligibility criteria. At stage one, after testing and clarifying the eligibility criteria, the references will be single-screened based on title and abstract. At stage two, potentially relevant references will be screened in full-text independently by two reviewers. We will compile a detailed database of the relevant studies. Moreover, a narrative report will be produced, describing the research landscape in general terms. This will be carried out with a conceptual model, describing the processes involved in P retention in natural environments, as a foundation. It will be discussed where the respective studies/study types fit into the conceptual model, and also evaluated how each study/study type can be related to the overarching question of eutrophication. Moreover, we will describe identified knowledge gaps that warrant further primary research effort, as well as identified knowledge clusters that could be suitable for systematic reviews.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
BMC, 2020
Keywords
OWS, OWTS, Septic systems, Adsorption, Precipitation, Phosphorus removal, Infiltration, Eutrophication, Sweden
National Category
Environmental Sciences
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-283911 (URN)10.1186/s13750-020-00205-9 (DOI)000572992400001 ()2-s2.0-85092536899 (Scopus ID)
Note

QC 20201201

Available from: 2020-12-01 Created: 2020-12-01 Last updated: 2023-08-28Bibliographically approved
Braun, S., Warrinnier, R., Börjesson, G., Ulén, B., Smolders, E. & Gustafsson, J. P. (2019). Assessing the ability of soil tests to estimate labile phosphorus in agricultural soils: Evidence from isotopic exchange. Geoderma, 337, 350-358
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Assessing the ability of soil tests to estimate labile phosphorus in agricultural soils: Evidence from isotopic exchange
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2019 (English)In: Geoderma, ISSN 0016-7061, E-ISSN 1872-6259, Vol. 337, p. 350-358Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Efficient phosphorus (P) fertilization strategies are essential for intensive crop production with minimal negative environmental impacts. A key factor in sustainable P use is assessment of the plant available soil P pool using soil P tests. This study determined isotopically exchangeable P after six days of reaction with 33PO4 (P-E (6 d)) to determine how accurately two commonly used P tests, Olsen and AL (acid ammonium acetate lactate) can quantify the amount of labile P. Soil samples were taken from both highly P-amended and unamended plots at six sites within the Swedish long-term soil fertility experiments. According to P K-edge XANES spectroscopy, the P speciation was dominated by Al-bound P and organic P, with additional contributions from Fe-bound P and Ca phosphates in most soils. The results showed that the AL test overestimated P-E (6 d) by a factor of 1.70 on average. In contrast, the Olsen test underestimated P-E (6 d), with the mean ratios of P-Olsen to P-E (6 d) being 0.52 for high-P and 0.19 for low-P soils. The 33P/31P ratio in the Olsen extract of a 33PO4 spiked soil was closer to that of a 0.005 mol L−1 CaCl2 soil extract than the corresponding ratio in the AL extract, suggesting that AL extraction solubilized more non-labile P. In conclusion, the AL and Olsen methods are not suitable for direct quantification of the isotopically exchangeable soil P pool after 6 days of equilibration. However, based on the results, Olsen may be superior to AL for classification of soil P status, due to its even performance for calcareous and non-calcareous soils and lower extraction of non-labile P.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier, 2019
Keywords
Chemical analysis, Isotopes P-33, Isotopic exchange kinetic technique, Phosphorus, Soil P test, Soils, Chlorine compounds, Cultivation, Environmental impact, Extraction, Isotopes, Soil testing, X ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy, Agricultural soils, Ammonium acetate, Crop production, IS assessment, Isotopic exchange, Isotopic exchange kinetics, Noncalcareous soils, Soil fertility
National Category
Other Agricultural Sciences
Research subject
Land and Water Resources Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-236319 (URN)10.1016/j.geoderma.2018.09.048 (DOI)000456761500036 ()2-s2.0-85054011888 (Scopus ID)
Note

QC 20181120

Available from: 2018-11-20 Created: 2018-11-20 Last updated: 2022-06-26Bibliographically approved
McGivney, E., Gustafsson, J. P., Belyazid, S., Zetterberg, T. & Lofgren, S. (2019). Assessing the impact of acid rain and forest harvest intensity with the HD-MINTEQ model - soil chemistry of three Swedish conifer sites from 1880 to 2080. SOIL, 5(1), 63-77
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Assessing the impact of acid rain and forest harvest intensity with the HD-MINTEQ model - soil chemistry of three Swedish conifer sites from 1880 to 2080
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2019 (English)In: SOIL, ISSN 2199-3971, Vol. 5, no 1, p. 63-77Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Forest soils are susceptible to anthropogenic acidification. In the past, acid rain was a major contributor to soil acidification, but, now that atmospheric levels of S have dramatically declined, concern has shifted towards biomass-induced acidification, i.e. decreasing soil solution pH due to tree growth and harvesting events that permanently remove base cations (BCs) from forest stands. We use a novel dynamic model, HD-MINTEQ (Husby Dynamic MINTEQ), to investigate possible long-term impacts of two theoretical future harvesting scenarios in the year 2020, a conventional harvest (CH, which removes stems only), and a whole-tree harvest (WTH, which removes 100 % of the above-ground biomass except for stumps) on soil chemistry and weathering rates at three different Swedish forest sites (Aneboda, Gardsjon, and Kindla). Furthermore, acidification following the harvesting events is compared to the historical acidification that took place during the 20th century due to acid rain. Our results show that historical acidification due to acid rain had a larger impact on pore water chemistry and mineral weathering than tree growth and harvesting, at least if nitrification remained at a low level. However, compared to a no-harvest baseline, WTH and CH significantly impacted soil chemistry. Directly after a harvesting event (CH or WTH), the soil solution pH sharply increased for 5 to 10 years before slowly declining over the remainder of the simulation (until year 2080). WTH acidified soils slightly more than CH, but in certain soil horizons there was practically no difference by the year 2080. Even though the pH in the WTH and CH scenario decreased with time as compared to the no-harvest scenario (NH), they did not drop to the levels observed around the peak of historic acidification (1980-1990), indicating that the pH decrease due to tree growth and harvesting would be less impactful than that of historic atmospheric acidification. Weathering rates differed across locations and horizons in response to historic acidification. In general, the predicted changes in weathering rates were very small, which can be explained by the net effect of decreased pH and increased Al3+, which affected the weathering rate in opposite ways Similarly, weathering rates after the harvesting scenarios in 2020 remained largely unchanged according to the model.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH, 2019
National Category
Soil Science
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-244520 (URN)10.5194/soil-5-63-2019 (DOI)000457832800001 ()2-s2.0-85061203472 (Scopus ID)
Note

QC 20190403

Available from: 2019-04-03 Created: 2019-04-03 Last updated: 2022-06-26Bibliographically approved
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Identifiers
ORCID iD: ORCID iD iconorcid.org/0000-0001-8771-7941

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