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af Klintberg, T., Högberg, L. & Björk, F. (2020). Stegvis renovering.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Stegvis renovering
2020 (Swedish)Report (Other academic)
Abstract [sv]

Den tekniska utvecklingen medför att det finns ett ökande utbud av metoder för att göra renovering stegvis. Det finns också en utveckling mot att renoveringsåtgärder kan göras kortvarigt, så att de boende inte behöver störas så svårt.

 

Det går att genomföra en stegvis renovering på ett flertal teknikområden, exempelvis av rör, badrum, fönsterbyten. Utvecklingen av relining i olika typer av rör och kanaler har inneburit en stor förändring i och med att åtgärder för renovering kan göras i stort sett utan att riva i stommar och schakt, även i fall då rör och kanaler är ingjutna. Både resultat av experiment i detta projekt och insamlade erfarenheter visar att relining är ett koncept som nu är i stark utveckling och som kommit för att stanna. Användning av relining är även gynnsamt ur ett LCA-perspektiv.

 

Stegvis renovering ger ofta ett mer ekonomiskt och ett mindre komplext renoveringsförfarande. Bland annat gäller:

  • När systemen renoveras i taget, så optimeras livslängden för dem, vilket är kostnadseffektivt.
  • Det är mer hanterbart att bara renovera ett system i taget och arbetet blir mer effektivt.
  • Stegvis renovering minimerar antalet inblandade yrkesgrupper och minimerar då även missförstånd mellan dessa yrkesgrupper och missförstånd med beställare och boende.
  • Omvärldsfaktorer kan bättre kontrolleras vid stegvis renovering och arbetet blir då mer industriellt och därmed och effektivare.
  • Om byggnadens system renoveras ett i taget som kortvariga kampanjer, så ökar möjligheten för boende att bo kvar under processen, vilket sparar pengar för fastighetsbolaget.
  • Stegvis renovering gör det lättare för byggherren att behålla kontrollen över projektet, bland annat förenklas upphandlingsprocessen.

 

Nuvarande lagstiftning hindrar en värd att ta betalt för underhåll. Detta är ett arv från den bostadssociala utredningen, som tillsattes 1932. Då var byggnads- och boendesituationen helt annorlunda än nu, exempelvis avseende inomhusmiljö och hygien. Det fanns då många bostäder med usel uppvärmningssituation utan varmvatten och många bostäder med torrdass på gården. Det fanns inte heller någon allmännytta som kunde hålla hyror på en rimlig nivå för ett flertal, istället fanns det somliga hyresvärdar som utnyttjade en bostadsbrist med ohemula hyror. Det var då fullt rimligt att den bostadssociala utredningen kom fram till att en hyresvärd endast skulle kunna höja hyran om det gjordes standardhöjningar. Om bostadssituationen då hade liknat dagens ur ett inomhusmiljö- och hygienperspektiv kan man undra ifall utredningen kommit till samma resultat.

 

Fortfarande är det så att en hyresvärd bara kan göra hyreshöjningar för underhållsåtgärder om alla hyresgäster går med på det. Om en boende tar frågan till hyresnämnden så kommer värden att fällas och hyreshöjningen accepteras inte. Fastighetsägaren är alltså tvungen att tillgripa standardhöjande åtgärder och dessa kan vara väl så dyra om inte dyrare för de boende än de nödvändiga underhållsåtgärderna. Det finns då en risk att en oseriös fastighetsägare genomför standardhöjande åtgärder och höjer hyran utan att vidta nödvändigt underhåll. En fastighet med höga hyror kan sedan säljas. Till slut blir hyresgästerna drabbade, både av höga hyror och av ett hyreshus, utan fungerande system. Lagen bör ändras, så att om en majoritet av de boende accepterar att betala för underhållsåtgärder så bör detta gälla. Dessutom bör en majoritet av de boende acceptera standardhöjande åtgärder för att dessa ska bli av.

 

Stegvis renovering har tillämpats fullt ut vid Knivstabostäders renovering, som resulterade i hyreshöjning på 13 %. En förutsättning för detta var dels att fastighetsbolaget var helt transparenta med ekonomin, undvek fördyrande standardhöjande åtgärder och fick ta betalt för sina underhållskostnader.

Series
TRITA-ABE-RPT-2023
Keywords
renovering, ekonomi, renoveringsstrategier, relining
National Category
Building Technologies
Research subject
Civil and Architectural Engineering, Building Technology
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-280482 (URN)
Funder
Swedish Research Council Formas, 2015-1492
Note

QC 20200909

QC 20200909

QC 20200909

QC 20200909

Available from: 2020-09-09 Created: 2020-09-09 Last updated: 2023-02-27Bibliographically approved
Lind, H., Högberg, L., af Klintberg, T. & Björk, F. (2016). Knivstamodellen BoKvar för renovering av bostäder: Hur man kan få en vettig avvägning mellan insatser och hyreshöjning.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Knivstamodellen BoKvar för renovering av bostäder: Hur man kan få en vettig avvägning mellan insatser och hyreshöjning
2016 (Swedish)Report (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
Publisher
p. 11
Series
Meddelande. Inst. för fastigheter och byggande ; 2016:7
National Category
Civil Engineering
Research subject
Real Estate and Construction Management
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-197257 (URN)978-91-85783-72-4 (ISBN)
Projects
Sustainable Renovation Strategies, Formas
Funder
Swedish Research Council Formas
Note

QC 20170110

Available from: 2016-11-30 Created: 2016-11-30 Last updated: 2024-03-15Bibliographically approved
Lind, H., Annadotter, K., Björk, F., Högberg, L. & Af Klintberg, T. (2016). Sustainable Renovation Strategy in the Swedish Million Homes Programme: A Case Study. Sustainability, 8(4), Article ID 388.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Sustainable Renovation Strategy in the Swedish Million Homes Programme: A Case Study
Show others...
2016 (English)In: Sustainability, E-ISSN 2071-1050, Vol. 8, no 4, article id 388Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Sweden has a large multifamily housing stock that was built between 1960 and 1975. An important current issue is how this stock can be renovated in a sustainable way. The article analyses a strategy used by a suburban municipal housing company that had clear social ambitions and offered the tenants three options of renovation: Mini, Midi and Maxi. Most tenants chose the Mini alternative which meant that they could afford to stay and that there was no increase in costs for the social authorities. An investment analysis showed that the Mini alternative had a positive net present value, but that the Midi and Maxi alternatives were more profitable. Even though there was no clear environmental focus in the renovation, energy use was reduced by 8%. As a conclusion, the study shows that a sustainable renovation is possible but that there are a number of conflicts between the different dimensions of sustainability.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
MDPI AG, 2016
Keywords
affordability, housing renovation, sustainable renovation, million homes programme, Sweden
National Category
Environmental Management Economics and Business
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-187835 (URN)10.3390/su8040388 (DOI)000375155800098 ()2-s2.0-84965120309 (Scopus ID)
Funder
Swedish Research Council Formas
Note

QC 20160530

Available from: 2016-05-30 Created: 2016-05-30 Last updated: 2025-02-10Bibliographically approved
Högberg, L. (2015). Who will close the energy efficiency gap?: A quantitative study of what characterizes ambitious housing firms in Sweden. KTH Royal Institute of Technology
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Who will close the energy efficiency gap?: A quantitative study of what characterizes ambitious housing firms in Sweden
2015 (English)Report (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

is paper reports the results from a study that attempts to identify factors that characterize housing firms with particularly ambitious approaches to energy efficiency in connection to renovation. The aim of the study was to identify factors that correlate with ambitious firms and the market they operate in. The study builds on previous results that identified four ideal types among Swedish housing firms, ranging from not ambitious to very ambitious with regards to energy efficiency. Based on the ideal types, this paper uses three levels of ambition and focuses on the more ambitious levels to see if there are factors that co-vary with an ambitious approach.

Six hypotheses were formulated; ambitious firms were believed to be municipal, to be operating in markets with high and/or volatile energy prices, to be operating in strong markets, to have building portfolios in need of renovation, to be large and to have an expert employee who champions energy efficiency issues.

Using web survey results from housing firms, an ordered probit model was used to test if level of ambition as the independent variable and a number of firm and market specific factors as dependent variables The results indicate support for some of the hypotheses; the probability of being ambitious increases if firms are municipally owned, have a building portfolio in need of renovation and have an employee who champions the energy efficiency issues. There were no indications that high/volatile energy prices, strong markets or firm size influence the probability of being more ambitious.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 2015. p. 26
Series
Working Paper Series, Department of Real Estate and Construction Management & Centre for Banking and Finance (cefin) ; 2015:1
Keywords
energy efficiciency, housing, sustainable renovation, incentives, drivers
National Category
Economics and Business
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-159236 (URN)
Note

QC 20150205

Available from: 2015-01-26 Created: 2015-01-26 Last updated: 2022-06-23Bibliographically approved
Högberg, L. (2014). Building Sustainability: Studies on incentives in construction and management of real estate. (Doctoral dissertation). Stockholm: KTH Royal Institute of Technology
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Building Sustainability: Studies on incentives in construction and management of real estate
2014 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

This thesis summarizes the results from several studies with connection to sustainability in construction and management of real estate. Here, the concept sustainability includes environmental, social and economic dimensions and focus is on the actors with the best possibilities to impact real estate, namely the real estate owners and the developers. The thesis consists of six papers. Real estate owners’ perception of and incentives and strategies for sustainability was studied in four ways: incentives for energy efficiency and other sustainability issues in connection to renovation (papers I and II), factors that characterize firms with an ambitious approach to energy efficiency (paper V) and economic incentives for energy efficiency (paper VI). Developers’ behavior and impact on sustainability was studied in two ways: how developers’ planning and construction methods may influence energy consumption for future residents (paper III) and how developers relate to requirements for building environmental certification levels (paper IV).

The first paper aims to clarify how housing firms see and treat energy efficiency matters in connection to renovation of multi-family buildings constructed during the 1960’s and 70’s. Interviews with housing firms resulted in four ideal housing firm types illustrating that housing firms have more or less incentives to improve energy efficiency. The second paper aimed to study a model for renovation of buildings in a residential area in peripheral Stockholm and to assess how it considers environmental, social and economic sustainability as well as technical concerns.

Paper V builds on the results in paper I and aims to identify factors, on a firm level as well as in the surroundings of the firm, that characterize housing firms who own multi-family buildings from the 1960’s and 70’s and who have an ambitious approach to energy efficiency.

Paper VI uses information from energy performance certificates to study whether better energy performance increases the selling price of single-family homes, which would increase owners’ incentives to improve energy efficiency.

Paper III takes its starting point in an indicated shift in developers’ planning and construction practices for laundry facilities in owner-occupied multi-family buildings. The paper aims to clarify whether a shift has actually occurred from communal laundry rooms to in-unit laundry appliances and to illuminate the impact this could have on residents’ energy consumption for laundry. Paper IV reports the study of how developers who have adopted the environmental certification system LEED relate to the requirements for specific certification levels and how updated requirements risk undermining developers’ incentives for sustainable construction.

Abstract [sv]

Den här avhandlingen sammanfattar arbetet från flera studier med koppling till hållbarhet inom bygg och förvaltning av fastigheter. Begreppet hållbarhet omfattar här tre dimensioner: miljömässig, social och ekonomisk hållbarhet, och fokus ligger på de aktörer som har mest möjlighet att påverka fastigheterna, nämligen fastighetsägare och projektutvecklare. I avhandlingen ingår sex uppsatser. Fastighetsägares uppfattning av och incitament och strategier för hållbarhet undersöktes på fyra olika sätt: incitament för energieffektivisering och andra hållbarhetsfrågor i samband med renovering (uppsats I och II), faktorer som karaktäriserar företag med ett ambitiöst förhållningssätt i energieffektiviseringsfrågor (uppsats V) samt ekonomiska incitament för energieffektivisering (uppsats VI). Projektutvecklares beteende och påverkan på hållbarhet undersöktes på två sätt: hur projektutvecklares planering och byggmetoder kan påverka energianvändningen för framtida boende (uppsats III) och hur projektutvecklare förhåller sig till kravnivåer i miljöcertifiering av byggnader (uppsats IV).

Den första uppsatsen syftar till att belysa hur bostadsföretag ser på och behandlar energieffektiviseringsfrågor i samband med renovering av flerbostadshus byggda under miljonprogrammet. Baserat på intervjuer med bostadsföretag resulterade den explorativa studien i konstruktionen av fyra idealtyper av bostadsföretag med mer eller mindre incitament för att energieffektivisera. Den andra uppsatsen syftade till att undersöka en modell för renovering av miljonprogramshus i ett bostadsområde i Stockholms ytterområden och bedöma hur den tar hänsyn till miljömässig, social och ekonomisk hållbarhet tillsammans med tekniska överväganden.

Uppsats V bygger på resultaten i uppsats I och syftar till att urskilja faktorer, såväl på företagsnivå som i företagets omgivning, som karaktäriserar bostadsföretag som äger flerbostadshus från miljonprogramsåren och som har en ambitiös hållning i energieffektiviseringsfrågor.

Uppsats VI använder information från energideklarationer för att undersöka om bättre energiprestanda ökar försäljningspriset på småhus, något som skulle öka ägarens incitament för energieffektivisering.

Uppsats III utgår från en indikerad förändring i projektutvecklares planering och byggmetoder av tvättinrättningar i flerbostadshus med bostadsrätt. Uppsatsen syftar till att klarlägga om en förändring har skett från gemensam tvättstuga till tvättmöjligheter i den egna bostaden och belysa vilken effekt det skulle kunna ha på de boendes energianvändning för tvätt. I uppsats IV klarläggs hur projektutvecklare som bygger enligt miljöcertifieringssystemet LEED förhåller sig till kraven för att uppnå nivåerna för att klassificeras och hur uppdaterade kravnivåer riskerar att undergräva projektutvecklarnas incitament för att bygga hållbart.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Stockholm: KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 2014
Series
TRITA-FOB ; PHD-14:5
Keywords
sustainability, sustainable buildings, sustainable renovation, sustainable construction, sustainable management, housing, sustainable building certification, energy efficiency, incentives
National Category
Economics and Business
Research subject
Real Estate and Construction Management
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-157936 (URN)978-91-85783-40-3 (ISBN)
Public defence
2015-01-16, F3, Lindstedtsvägen 26, KTH, Stockholm, 13:15 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Funder
Cerbof, 40Swedish Research Council Formas, 2012-553
Note

QC 20141218

Available from: 2014-12-18 Created: 2014-12-18 Last updated: 2023-12-07Bibliographically approved
Borg, L. & Högberg, L. (2014). Organization of Laundry Facility Types and Energy Use in Owner-Occupied Multi-Family Buildings in Sweden. Sustainability, 6(6), 3843-3860
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Organization of Laundry Facility Types and Energy Use in Owner-Occupied Multi-Family Buildings in Sweden
2014 (English)In: Sustainability, E-ISSN 2071-1050, Vol. 6, no 6, p. 3843-3860Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

The way in which we plan and produce buildings today will influence our energy consumption in the future. This paper explores how the types of laundry facilities provided in owner-occupied multi-family buildings in Sweden have changed since the 1990s and seeks to draw attention to how this may impact energy consumption for laundry. Three factors are analyzed that influence energy consumption: the number of laundry appliances, energy performance in laundry appliances and user demand for laundry. The results indicate that there has been a change in building practices, from the domination of communal laundry rooms towards in-unit laundry facilities. The findings imply that the changes in provision of laundry facilities increase the number of appliances but do not necessarily increase energy consumption during the usage phase depending on energy performance and user behavior. Thus, developers should consider laundry facility organization when designing multi-family buildings in order to optimize the use of space and resources, given user demand and building regulations. This paper is exploratory in nature and indicates a shift in building practices that up until now has been undocumented in a research context which in turn opens up for many new research questions related to resource use but also related to the economics of developers, housing firms and households.

Keywords
construction choice, new construction, energy consumption, energy efficiency, household laundry, multi-family buildings, building practice
National Category
Economics and Business
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-148642 (URN)10.3390/su6063843 (DOI)000338747900035 ()2-s2.0-84904365391 (Scopus ID)
Note

QC 20140811

Available from: 2014-08-11 Created: 2014-08-11 Last updated: 2022-06-23Bibliographically approved
Mandell, S., Högberg, L. & Netzell, O. (2014). Price discovery over space. In: : . Paper presented at Western Regional Science Association, 53d annual meeting.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Price discovery over space
2014 (English)Conference paper, Oral presentation only (Refereed)
National Category
Economics
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-143353 (URN)
Conference
Western Regional Science Association, 53d annual meeting
Note

NQC 2014

Available from: 2014-03-20 Created: 2014-03-20 Last updated: 2022-10-31Bibliographically approved
Lind, H., Annadotter, K., Björk, F., Högberg, L. & af Klintberg, T. (2014). Sustainable renovation strategy in the Swedish Million HomesProgramme: A case study. KTH Royal Institute of Technology
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Sustainable renovation strategy in the Swedish Million HomesProgramme: A case study
Show others...
2014 (English)Report (Other academic)
Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 2014. p. 20
Series
Working Paper Series, Department of Real Estate and Construction Management & Centre for Banking and Finance (cefin) ; 14/02
Keywords
housing renovation, sustainable renovation, million-homes programme, Sweden
National Category
Economics and Business
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-143224 (URN)
Note

QC 20140321

Available from: 2014-03-19 Created: 2014-03-19 Last updated: 2024-03-15Bibliographically approved
DeLisle, J., Grissom, T. & Högberg, L. (2013). Sustainable real estate: An empirical study of the behavioural response of developers and investors to the LEED rating system. Journal of Property Investment & Finance, 31(1), 10-40
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Sustainable real estate: An empirical study of the behavioural response of developers and investors to the LEED rating system
2013 (English)In: Journal of Property Investment & Finance, ISSN 1463-578X, E-ISSN 1470-2002, Vol. 31, no 1, p. 10-40Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to explore the notion of sustainability and research reporting price premiums for LEED-certified buildings. Design/methodology/approach: This paper explores the notion of sustainability and research reporting price premiums for LEED-certified buildings. The durability of certification levels is explored by converting projects developed under the initial NC2-series system to a new vintage rating adopted in 2009. This conversion is made by applying Lagrangian multipliers to model stochastic impacts. Findings: The study reveals that 18 percent of 591 projects developed under the NC2-Series were "misclassified" in terms of certification levels when converted to new NCv2009 standards. To the extent the market has pursued LEED certification levels, the unanticipated changes may have led to the adoption short-term solutions that are inappropriate due to the long-term nature of real estate assets. Research limitations/implications: Given the complexity of the LEED rating system, it is unknown how the market will react to the lack of durability and approach pricing over the long-term. Practical implications: The results indicate market participants should adopt a proactive approach to LEED certification. Originality/value: The study identifies significant dynamics in the LEED certification system for new construction and behavioural responses that have not been reported in the literature.

Keywords
Behaviour, Complexity, Green building, LEED, Real estate, Sustainability, Sustainable development
National Category
Economics and Business
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-127082 (URN)10.1108/14635781311292953 (DOI)000212868000001 ()2-s2.0-84873022233 (Scopus ID)
Note

QC 20130906

Available from: 2013-09-06 Created: 2013-08-28 Last updated: 2022-06-23Bibliographically approved
Högberg, L. (2013). The impact of energy performance on single-family home selling prices in Sweden. Journal of European Real Estate Research, 6(3), 242-261
Open this publication in new window or tab >>The impact of energy performance on single-family home selling prices in Sweden
2013 (English)In: Journal of European Real Estate Research, ISSN 1753-9269, E-ISSN 1753-9277, Vol. 6, no 3, p. 242-261Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Purpose: This study aims to test whether energy performance effects single-family home sale prices. It also examines whether recommendations for supposedly cost-effective energy efficiency measures, by intervention category (construction, installation or operation/control technical measures), are perceived as untapped potential - a real option - that effects sale prices. Design/methodology/approach: The energy performance measurement and dummy variables for three categories of improvement recommendations are included as explanatory variables in a hedonic regression analysis using transaction data and energy performance certificates data for 1,073 observations. Findings: Results indicate that better energy performance effects selling prices positively. Energy efficiency recommendations seem to have an impact on sale price; home buyers seem to require a larger "discount" for more complex types of measures. Research limitations/implications: The sample only includes houses in the Stockholm; so-called sustainable buildings have not been specifically studied; and the heating source has not been accounted for. Originality/value: The EU energy performance certificates provide new information and measure energy performance more exactly than many earlier (proxy) variables. This is one of the first studies to test the effect of this information, and the first one using Swedish data.

Keywords
Energy efficiency, Energy performance, Hedonic analysis, Property value, Swedish housing market
National Category
Economics and Business
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-140015 (URN)10.1108/JERER-09-2012-0024 (DOI)000214106200002 ()2-s2.0-84886052228 (Scopus ID)
Note

QC 20140122

Available from: 2014-01-22 Created: 2014-01-16 Last updated: 2022-06-23Bibliographically approved
Organisations
Identifiers
ORCID iD: ORCID iD iconorcid.org/0000-0003-2736-5176

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