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Thomas, J.-B., Potting, J. & Gröndahl, F. (2021). Environmental impacts of seaweed cultivation: kelp farming and preservation. In: Xin Gen Lei (Ed.), Seaweed and microalgae as alternative sources of protein: . UK: Burleigh Dodds Science Publishing Limited
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Environmental impacts of seaweed cultivation: kelp farming and preservation
2021 (English)In: Seaweed and microalgae as alternative sources of protein / [ed] Xin Gen Lei, UK: Burleigh Dodds Science Publishing Limited , 2021Chapter in book (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

This chapter provides an overview of the environmental impacts of the supply chain for preserved seaweed. The supply chain includes the hatchery, marine infrastructure, deployment of juveniles and monitoring during cultivation (grow-out of seaweed), harvest, transport back to shore and preservation of the biomass. The chapter starts with a short overview of the life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology, and how it can be used to quantify the environmental impacts of seaweed supply chains. After a discussion of the overall environmental impacts of the preserved seaweed supply chain, the chapter focuses on specific life cycle stages: spore preparation and seeding of juvenile seaweed onto string in the hatchery, seaweed cultivation, harvesting preservation and storage of harvested seaweed. The chapter ends with a summary and discussion of future trends in the subject. 

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
UK: Burleigh Dodds Science Publishing Limited, 2021
National Category
Environmental Sciences
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-303331 (URN)10.19103/AS.2021.0091.11 (DOI)
Note

QC 20211110

Available from: 2021-10-12 Created: 2021-10-12 Last updated: 2022-06-25Bibliographically approved
Potting, J., Thomas, J.-B. & Gröndahl, F. (2021). Stakeholder participation in sustainability assessment of non-wicked problems: The case of a future seaweed industry in Sweden. Ambio
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Stakeholder participation in sustainability assessment of non-wicked problems: The case of a future seaweed industry in Sweden
2021 (English)In: Ambio, ISSN 0044-7447, E-ISSN 1654-7209Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Springer Nature, 2021
Keywords
Ecology, Environmental Chemistry, Geography, Planning and Development, General Medicine
National Category
Environmental Management Environmental Sciences Social Sciences Social Sciences Interdisciplinary
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-303330 (URN)10.1007/s13280-021-01609-8 (DOI)000702579400001 ()34599483 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-85116082135 (Scopus ID)
Note

QC 20211110

Available from: 2021-10-12 Created: 2021-10-12 Last updated: 2022-06-25Bibliographically approved
Bouchouireb, H., Jank, M.-H., O'Reilly, C. J., Göransson, P., Schöggl, J.-P., Baumgartner, R. J. & Potting, J. (2021). The inclusion of end-of-life modelling in the life cycle energy optimisation methodology. Journal of Mechanical Design, 143(5), Article ID MD-20-1233.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>The inclusion of end-of-life modelling in the life cycle energy optimisation methodology
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2021 (English)In: Journal of Mechanical Design, ISSN 1050-0472, Vol. 143, no 5, article id MD-20-1233Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

In this work, an End-Of-Life (EOL) model is included in the Life Cycle Energy Optimisation (LCEO) methodology to account for the energy burdens and credits stemming from a vehicle's EOL processing phase and balance them against the vehicle's functional requirements and production and use phase energies. The substitution with a correction factor allocation method is used to model the contribution of recycling to the EOL phase's energy. The methodology is illustrated through the optimisation of the design of a simplified vehicle sub-system. For the latter, multiple recycling scenarios with varying levels of assumed recycling induced material property degradation were built, and their impact on the vehicle sub-system's optimal solutions was compared to that of scenarios based on landfilling and incineration with energy recovery. The results show that the vehicle sub-system's optimal designs are significantly dependent on the EOL scenario considered. In particular, the optimal designs associated with the recycling scenarios are on average substantially heavier, and less life cycle energy demanding, than their landfilling or incineration with energy recovery-related counterparts; thus, demonstrating how the inclusion of EOL modelling in the LCEO methodology can significantly alter material use patterns, thereby effecting the very mechanisms enabling the embodiment of the resulting life cycle energy optimal designs.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
ASME International, 2021
Keywords
conceptual design, design for the environment, design methodology, design optimization, Life Cycle Analysis and Design, multidisciplinary design and optimization, sustainable design
National Category
Vehicle Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-273181 (URN)10.1115/1.4048447 (DOI)000636821800002 ()2-s2.0-85107681823 (Scopus ID)
Note

QC 20200603

Available from: 2020-05-10 Created: 2020-05-10 Last updated: 2024-03-15Bibliographically approved
Thomas, J.-B., Ribeiro, M. S., Potting, J., Cervin, G., Nylund, G. M., Olsson, J., . . . Gröndahl, F. (2020). A comparative environmental life cycle assessment of hatchery, cultivation, and preservation of the kelp Saccharina latissima. ICES Journal of Marine Science
Open this publication in new window or tab >>A comparative environmental life cycle assessment of hatchery, cultivation, and preservation of the kelp Saccharina latissima
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2020 (English)In: ICES Journal of Marine Science, ISSN 1054-3139, E-ISSN 1095-9289Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Seaweed cultivation and processing industries could contribute to sustainable blue growth and the European bioeconomy. This article contributes a case study evaluation of environmental sustainability of preserved brown seaweed Saccharina latissima by means of environmental life cycle assessment of a pilot facility in Sweden. The study accounts for nutrient bioremediation and carbon capture and includes two alternative hatchery processes, a 2-ha longline cultivation, and four alternative preservation methods (hang-drying outdoors, heated air-cabinet drying, ensiling, and freezing). The study found that as a result of carbon capture and nitrogen and phosphorus uptake (bioremediation) by seaweed, more CO2 and PO4 equivalents are (temporarily) absorbed than emitted by the supply chain. The extent of emissions is most affected by preservation methods undertaken. Impact profiles of the supply chain show that the greatest impact shares result from freezing and air-cabinet drying, both the two most energy-intensive processes, followed by the cultivation infrastructure, highlighting strategic optimization opportunities. Hatchery processes, harvesting, and the low-energy ensilage and hang-drying outdoors were found to have relatively small impact shares. These findings presage the environmentally friendliness of seaweed-based products by documenting their potential to mitigate eutrophication and climate change, even when taking a life cycle perspective.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Oxford University Press (OUP), 2020
National Category
Environmental Sciences Marine Engineering
Research subject
Industrial Ecology
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-281872 (URN)10.1093/icesjms/fsaa112 (DOI)000648942600039 ()2-s2.0-85111996193 (Scopus ID)
Note

QC 20200925

Available from: 2020-09-25 Created: 2020-09-25 Last updated: 2022-06-25Bibliographically approved
Liljenström, C., Miliutenko, S., O’Born, R., Brattebø, H., Birgisdóttir, H., Toller, S., . . . Potting, J. (2020). Life cycle assessment as decision-support in choice of road corridor: case study and stakeholder perspectives. International Journal of Sustainable Transportation, 1-18
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Life cycle assessment as decision-support in choice of road corridor: case study and stakeholder perspectives
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2020 (English)In: International Journal of Sustainable Transportation, ISSN 1556-8318, E-ISSN 1556-8334, p. 1-18Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Use of life cycle assessment (LCA) in choice of road corridor could reduce environmental impacts of traffic and infrastructure. This paper explores how the LCA model LICCER, designed to compare life cycle climate impact and energy use of alternative road corridors, fulfills practitioners’ requirements concerning data availability and usefulness for decision-making. Results are based on a case study where the model was applied to a Swedish road reconstruction project and a workshop with potential users of the model. In the case study, the shorter construction alternatives had the lowest traffic related impacts and the highest infrastructure related impacts. Earthworks, soil stabilization, and pavement contributed most to infrastructure related impacts. For the stakeholders, the LICCER model was considered useful because it includes both traffic and infrastructure, includes default data that the user can replace by project specific data, identifies possible improvements, and presents results relative to a reference alternative. However, the model could be improved by including further nation specific default data, different traffic scenarios depending on the road corridor, more detailed traffic scenarios, and an uncertainty assessment of the model output. These findings may be useful in the development and improvement of LCA models and when evaluating the suitability of existing models for use in early planning.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Taylor & Francis, 2020
Keywords
greenhouse gas emissions, infrastructure planning, life cycle assessment, primary energy use, road corridor, stakeholder participation, Asphalt pavements, Climate models, Decision making, Decision support systems, Environmental impact, Soil mechanics, Stabilization, Climate impacts, Data availability, Decision supports, Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), Road reconstruction project, Soil stabilization, Traffic-related, Uncertainty assessment, Life cycle, climate effect, decision support system, energy use, life cycle analysis, road, stakeholder, Sweden
National Category
Environmental Management
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-284771 (URN)10.1080/15568318.2020.1788679 (DOI)000549047400001 ()2-s2.0-85088117299 (Scopus ID)
Note

QC 20201109

Available from: 2020-11-09 Created: 2020-11-09 Last updated: 2022-06-25Bibliographically approved
Bouchouireb, H., O'Reilly, C. J., Göransson, P., Schöggl, J.-P., Baumgartner, R. J. & Potting, J. (2019). The inclusion of vehicle shape and aerodynamic drag estimations within the life cycle energy optimisation methodology. Procedia CIRP, 84, 902-907
Open this publication in new window or tab >>The inclusion of vehicle shape and aerodynamic drag estimations within the life cycle energy optimisation methodology
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2019 (English)In: Procedia CIRP, ISSN 2212-8271, E-ISSN 2212-8271, Vol. 84, p. 902-907Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

The present work describes a widening of the scope of the Life Cycle Energy Optimisation (LCEO) methodology with the addition of shape-related design variables. They describe the curvature of a vehicle which impacts its aerodynamic drag and therewith its operational energy demand. Aerodynamic drag is taken into account through the estimation of the drag coefficient of the vehicle body shape using computational fluid dynamics simulations. Subsequently, the aforementioned coefficient is used to calculate the operational energy demand associated with the vehicle. The methodology is applied to the design of the roof of a simplified 2D vehicle model which is both mechanically and geometrically constrained. The roof is modelled as a sandwich structure with its design variables consisting of the material compositions of the different layers, their thicknesses as well as the shape variables. The efficacy of the LCEO methodology is displayed through its ability to deal with the arising functional conflicts while simultaneously leveraging the design benefits of the underlying functional alignments. On average, the optimisation process resulted in 2.5 times lighter and 4.5 times less life cycle energy-intensive free shape designs. This redesign process has also underlined the necessity of defining an allocation strategy for the energy necessary to overcome drag within the context of vehicle sub-system redesign.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier, 2019
Keywords
life cycle energy optimisation; vehicle design; aerodynamic drag; functional conflicts
National Category
Vehicle Engineering Environmental Engineering Design
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-223377 (URN)10.1016/j.procir.2019.04.270 (DOI)000566943700147 ()2-s2.0-85076745079 (Scopus ID)
Note

QC 20190906

Available from: 2018-02-19 Created: 2018-02-19 Last updated: 2024-03-15Bibliographically approved
Bouchouireb, H., O'Reilly, C. J., Göransson, P., Schöggl, J.-P., Baumgartner, R. J. & Potting, J. (2019). Towards holistic energy-efficient vehicle product system design: The case for a penalized continuous end-of-life model in the life cycle energy optimisation methodology. Paper presented at International Conference on Engineering Design, ICED 19. Proceedings of the International Conference on Engineering Design, 1, 2901-2910
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Towards holistic energy-efficient vehicle product system design: The case for a penalized continuous end-of-life model in the life cycle energy optimisation methodology
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2019 (English)In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Engineering Design, ISSN 2220-4334, E-ISSN 2220-4342, Vol. 1, p. 2901-2910Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

The Life Cycle Energy Optimisation (LCEO) methodology aims at finding a design solution that uses a minimum amount of cumulative energy demand over the different phases of the vehicle's life cycle, while complying with a set of functional constraints. This effectively balances trade-offs, and therewith avoids sub-optimal shifting between the energy demand for the cradle-to-production of materials, operation of the vehicle, and end-of-life phases. The present work describes the extension of the LCEO methodology to perform holistic product system optimisation. The constrained design of an automotive component and the design of a subset of the processes which are applied to it during its life cycle are simultaneously optimised to achieve a minimal product system life cycle energy. A subset of the processes of the end-of-life phase of a vehicle’s roof are modelled through a continuous formulation. The roof is modelled as a sandwich structure with its design variables being the material compositions and the thicknesses of the different layers. The results show the applicability of the LCEO methodology to product system design and the use of penalisation to ensure solution feasibility.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Cambridge University Press, 2019
National Category
Environmental Engineering Vehicle Engineering Design
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-248606 (URN)10.1017/dsi.2019.297 (DOI)2-s2.0-85079824273 (Scopus ID)
Conference
International Conference on Engineering Design, ICED 19
Note

QC 20190617

Available from: 2019-04-09 Created: 2019-04-09 Last updated: 2024-03-18Bibliographically approved
Malmqvist, T., Nehasilova, M., Moncaster, A., Birgisdottir, H., Rasmussen, F. N., Wiberg, A. H. & Potting, J. (2018). Design and construction strategies for reducing embodied impacts from buildings - Case study analysis. Energy and Buildings, 166, 35-47
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Design and construction strategies for reducing embodied impacts from buildings - Case study analysis
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2018 (English)In: Energy and Buildings, ISSN 0378-7788, E-ISSN 1872-6178, Vol. 166, p. 35-47Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

The dominance of operational energy and related greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of most existing buildings is decreasing in new construction, when primary fossil energy of building operation decreases as result of the implementation of energy efficiency measures as well as a decarbonisation of national energy mixes. Stakeholders therefore have a growing interest in understanding the possibilities for reducing embodied impacts in buildings. In the LEA EBC project 'Annex 57' a broad call for case studies was launched with the aim to identify design strategies for reducing embodied energy and GHG emissions (EEG) from buildings. The aim of this paper is to identify and provide a collected and comprehensive overview of quantitative reduction potentials of the particular EEG reduction strategies which should be considered by the stakeholders engaged in, and with the capacity to influence the outcome of, individual building projects. This is done by a systematic analysis of the Annex 57 case study collection as well as additional scientific literature. While it should be noted that the actual EEG savings at building level illustrated in this collection of studies are only applicable to each specific case, importantly this multiple cross-case analysis has provided rigorous evidence of the considerable potential to reduce embodied impacts in the design and construction of new and refurbished buildings.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier, 2018
National Category
Energy Systems
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-226739 (URN)10.1016/j.enbuild.2018.01.033 (DOI)000429757600003 ()2-s2.0-85042172918 (Scopus ID)
Funder
Swedish Energy Agency
Note

QC 20180426

Available from: 2018-04-26 Created: 2018-04-26 Last updated: 2024-03-15Bibliographically approved
Jank, M.-H., O'Reilly, C. J., Göransson, P., Baumgartner, R. J., Schöggl, J.-P. & Potting, J. (2017). Advancing energy efficient early-stage vehicle design through inclusion of end-of-life phase in the life cycle energy optimisation methodology. In: 12th International Conference on Ecological Vehicles and Renewable Energies Conference, EVER: . Paper presented at 12th International Conference on Ecological Vehicles and Renewable Energies Conference, EVER.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Advancing energy efficient early-stage vehicle design through inclusion of end-of-life phase in the life cycle energy optimisation methodology
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2017 (English)In: 12th International Conference on Ecological Vehicles and Renewable Energies Conference, EVER, 2017Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

Environmentally-friendly energy-efficient vehicles are an important contributor to meet future global transportation needs. To minimise the environmental impact of a vehicle throughout its entire life cycle, the life cycle energy optimisation (LCEO) methodology has been proposed. Using the proxy of life cycle energy, this methodology balances the energy consumption of vehicle production, operation and end-of-life scenarios. The overall aim is to design a vehicle where life cycle energy is at a minimum. While previous work only included vehicle production and operation, this paper aims at advancing the LCEO methodology by including an end-of-life phase. A simplified design study was conducted to illustrate how vehicle design changes when end-of-life treatment is included. Landfilling, incineration and recycling have been compared as end-of-life treatments, although the focus was put on recycling. The results reveal that the optimal design not only changes with the inclusion of an end-of-life phase but it changes with specific end-of-life treatment. 

National Category
Vehicle Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-197675 (URN)10.1109/EVER.2017.7935888 (DOI)000403212100027 ()2-s2.0-85021358913 (Scopus ID)
Conference
12th International Conference on Ecological Vehicles and Renewable Energies Conference, EVER
Note

QC 20170411

Available from: 2016-12-07 Created: 2016-12-07 Last updated: 2024-03-15Bibliographically approved
Woldegebriel, D., Udo, H., Viets, T., van der Harst, E. & Potting, J. (2017). Environmental impact of milk production across an intensification gradient in Ethiopia. Livestock Science, 206, 28-36
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Environmental impact of milk production across an intensification gradient in Ethiopia
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2017 (English)In: Livestock Science, ISSN 1871-1413, E-ISSN 1878-0490, Vol. 206, p. 28-36Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

This paper quantifies environmental performances of milk production systems differing in degree of intensification in the Mekelle milkshed area, Ethiopia. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology was used to estimate Land,Use (LU), Fossil Energy Use (FEU) and Global Warming Potential (GWP) of the cattle sub-system in 8 large-scale, 8 (peri-)urban and 8 rural farms. The large-scale farms owned considerably more and other types of cattle (35.0 cattle units (cu); mainly Friesians) than the (peri-)urban (6.3 cu; mainly crossbreds) and rural farms (4.1 cu; mainly local breeds). The milk production per average cow per year was much lower in rural farms (730 kg) than in large-scale (2377 kg) and (peri-)urban farms (1829 kg). Milk was the main contributor to the economic benefits of the large-scale (90%) and (peri-)urban (80%) farms, whereas milk (sold and consumed at home) contributed only about 40% to the economic benefits in the multifunctional rural farms. The environmental impacts per cu, reflecting the absolute impacts of cattle keeping, were considerably higher in the large-scale and (peri-)urban farms than in the rural farms. LU and FEU were for the great majority caused by the land use for hay, straws and grasses, and harvesting, transport and processing of feeds, in particular wheat bran. On farm emissions from enteric fermentation and manure storage were the main contributors to GWP. The impacts per kg milk did not differ significantly between the three systems. The LU per kg milk estimates (9.4, 11.2 and 8.8 m(2) in the large-scale, (peri-)urban and rural farms, respectively) were relatively high compared to LCA studies of milk production in developed countries due to large amounts of low-quality forages and wheat bran fed, whereas the FEU values per kg milk (7.5, 11.1 and 6.6 MJ in the large-scale, (peri-)urban and rural farms, respectively) were relatively low compared to studies of milk production systems in developed countries. The GWP estimates per kg milk (1.75, 2.25 and 2.22 kg CO2-equivalents per kg milk in the large-scale, (peri-)urban and rural farms, respectively) were slightly higher than GWP values for the same types of farms in other developing countries, due to the relatively large amounts of low quality feeds fed. The quality of cattle management practices seems more important than the choice for a specific cattle keeping system in reducing environmental impacts of milk production.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier, 2017
Keywords
Intensification, Dairying, LCA, Environmental impact, Tigray
National Category
Environmental Sciences related to Agriculture and Land-use
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-221385 (URN)10.1016/j.livsci.2017.10.005 (DOI)000418217300005 ()2-s2.0-85042880199 (Scopus ID)
Note

QC 20180117

Available from: 2018-01-17 Created: 2018-01-17 Last updated: 2024-03-18Bibliographically approved
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Identifiers
ORCID iD: ORCID iD iconorcid.org/0000-0003-4040-7262

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