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Beckman, Claes, ProfessorORCID iD iconorcid.org/0000-0002-3015-4495
Publications (10 of 39) Show all publications
Careau, C., Fredriksson, E., Olsson, R., Sjödin, P. & Beckman, C. (2025). Throughput Analysis of Starlink Satellite Internet: Study on the Effects of Precipitation and Hourly Variability with TCP and UDP. In: The Seventeenth International Conference on Advances in Satellite and Space Communications: SPACOMM 2925. Paper presented at SPACOMM 2025 : The Seventeenth International Conference on Advances in Satellite and Space Communications, Athens, Greece, July 6-10, 2025. International Academy, Research and Industry Association (IARIA)
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Throughput Analysis of Starlink Satellite Internet: Study on the Effects of Precipitation and Hourly Variability with TCP and UDP
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2025 (English)In: The Seventeenth International Conference on Advances in Satellite and Space Communications: SPACOMM 2925, International Academy, Research and Industry Association (IARIA), 2025Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

Starlink provides satellite internet connectivity to customers worldwide using Low Earth Orbit (LEO)-satellites connecting to ground stations and user equipment. How the throughput is affected by precipitation, time-of-day and different transport protocols are issues that have received a lot of interest. This affects particularly areas at higher latitudes which are covered by fewer satellites compared to Central Europe and the main regions of the United States. The present study was conducted in Stockholm, Sweden, at a latitude of 59.3 degrees north, well north of the main coverage area for Starlink. The experiments consist of throughput measurements with the internet measurement tool iPerf3 for two different transport protocols: Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and User Datagram Protocol (UDP). Precipitation (rainfall) measurements were conducted simultaneously. The results show a notable performance hit in the throughput when moderate rainfall (about 1 mm per hour) is present, about 16 percent for UDP and about 28 percent for TCP. The data also show that the throughput varies during different hours of the day with around 21 percent for UDP and 32 percent for TCP. The highest throughput is received at night and early mornings. In conclusion, our study provides further knowledge about the effects of precipitation and hourly variability with TCP and UDP on Starlink’s performance, specifically when operated at latitudes outside of Starlink’s main coverage area.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
International Academy, Research and Industry Association (IARIA), 2025
Keywords
starlink, leo-antennas, network, tcp, udp, weather, precipitation, iperf3, ping, throughput, latency, internet measurements
National Category
Electrical Engineering, Electronic Engineering, Information Engineering Telecommunications
Research subject
Electrical Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-363552 (URN)
Conference
SPACOMM 2025 : The Seventeenth International Conference on Advances in Satellite and Space Communications, Athens, Greece, July 6-10, 2025
Projects
Sustainable Mobile Autonomous and Resilient 6G SatCom research center (SMART 6GSAT)
Funder
Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research
Note

Part of ISBN 9781685582760

QC 20250526

Available from: 2025-05-19 Created: 2025-05-19 Last updated: 2025-05-26
Kynman, O., Lindahl, J., Starck, J. & Beckman, C. (2024). Analysis and Measurement of Key Performance Indicators for MIMO Antennas. In: 18th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation, EuCAP 2024: . Paper presented at 18th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation, EuCAP 2024, Glasgow, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Mar 17 2024 - Mar 22 2024. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Analysis and Measurement of Key Performance Indicators for MIMO Antennas
2024 (English)In: 18th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation, EuCAP 2024, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) , 2024Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

Predicting the performance of antenna arrays designed for MIMO communications is difficult. To determine the benefits that additional antenna elements may provide to a wireless system, the statistical correlation between the signals received from the antennas needs to be evaluated. In 2003 Blanch, proposed a simple method to estimate the correlation coefficient from S-parameters and in 2005 Hallbjorner proposed a modified version including the effect of antenna efficiency. We investigate the validity of these methods. Three different antenna arrays, with four elements each, and with varying efficiency and mutual coupling were designed, manufactured and measured. The method proposed by Blanch was found to be inaccurate whereas the Hallbjorner method produced better results but required determination of antenna efficiencies. S-parameter measurements alone do not provide valid estimates of the MIMO performance of antenna arrays. In order to evaluate MIMO performance, the antenna efficiency is paramount and needs to be measured accurately.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), 2024
Keywords
antennas, correlation, diversity reception, electromagnetics, measurements, MIMO, scattering parameters
National Category
Telecommunications
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-346527 (URN)10.23919/EuCAP60739.2024.10501614 (DOI)001215536203045 ()2-s2.0-85192450201 (Scopus ID)
Conference
18th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation, EuCAP 2024, Glasgow, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Mar 17 2024 - Mar 22 2024
Note

QC 20240521

Part of ISBN 978-88-31299-09-1

Available from: 2024-05-16 Created: 2024-05-16 Last updated: 2024-09-24Bibliographically approved
Beckman, C., Garcia, J., Mikkelsen, H. & Persson, P. (2024). Starlink and Cellular Connectivity under Mobility: Drive Testing Across the Arctic Circle. In: 2024 Wireless Telecommunications Symposium, WTS 2024: . Paper presented at 23rd Annual Wireless Telecommunications Symposium, WTS 2024, Oakland, United States of America, Apr 10 2024 - Apr 12 2024. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Starlink and Cellular Connectivity under Mobility: Drive Testing Across the Arctic Circle
2024 (English)In: 2024 Wireless Telecommunications Symposium, WTS 2024, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) , 2024Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite networks such as Starlink can provide broadband connectivity in sparsely populated regions, including those located in arctic and subarctic regions. However, only satellites in a subset of inclination planes can serve these northern regions. In order to evaluate Starlink connectivity in these geographically extreme regions, we perform a drive test across the arctic circle measuring Starlink and cellular connectivity. We analyze the results with regards to Starlink throughput characteristics including the effects of the 15 second reconfiguration interval, and compare the throughput and connectivity. Starlink generally provide better throughput, with around 10x better median throughput than our comparison cellular network. However, the low tail of the distribution is less impressive with more frequent connectivity losses. Our results also show that the combination of Starlink and cellular has the potential to provide considerable gains in aggregated connection reliability and tail throughput. We additionally discuss policy implications relating to state subsidy policies designed to ensure that the whole population has access to broadband connectivity.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), 2024
National Category
Telecommunications
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-350575 (URN)10.1109/WTS60164.2024.10536679 (DOI)001233983100006 ()2-s2.0-85189186449 (Scopus ID)
Conference
23rd Annual Wireless Telecommunications Symposium, WTS 2024, Oakland, United States of America, Apr 10 2024 - Apr 12 2024
Note

Part of ISBN 979-8-3503-1788-6

QC 20240718

Available from: 2024-07-18 Created: 2024-07-18 Last updated: 2024-10-11Bibliographically approved
Beckman, C., Markendahl, J. & Ljunggren, T. (2024). Vinnovaprojekt ”5G för industrin”: Riktlinjer för planering, uppbyggnad och driftav lokala 5G-nät för industriellt bruk. Stockholm: KTH Royal Institute of Technology
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Vinnovaprojekt ”5G för industrin”: Riktlinjer för planering, uppbyggnad och driftav lokala 5G-nät för industriellt bruk
2024 (Swedish)Report (Other academic)
Abstract [sv]

Om man sammanfattar det projektet kommit fram till i några korta slutsatser så kan man konstatera attdet är enkelt att implementera ett lokalt privat 5G nät. Det finns flera olika företag/aktörer som säljerlösningar för lokala 5G nät. Utbudet av 5G uppkopplade verktyg och saker var väldigt begränsat ibörjan av projektet men har ökat sakta under projektets gång. Det är fortfarande ovanligt med 5Ginbyggt i verktyg och maskiner utan de använder oftast separata modem.Utmaningarna med ett lokalt 5G nät ligger inte i 5G tekniken i sig utan hur man ska använda demöjligheterna man erbjuds och hur man ska integrera det i produktionen och organisationen på etteffektivt och säkert sätt. Man bör också börja smått med att lösa enklare och nya problem, exv.införande av Automated Guided Vehicle, AGV, snarare än att tro att man ska styra industrirobotar ochhela produktionslinor som det första steget i implementeringen av lokala 5G nät.Marknadsföringen av 5G har varit väldigt fokuserad på korta svarstider och höga hastigheter men vihar i projektet inte uppnått de korta svarstider som ofta utlovas och variationerna i svarstider har ocksåvarit för stora för att användas i processtyrning. Systemet vi använt är ett demosystem och inteoptimerat men vi hade ändå förväntat oss bättre prestanda. En positiv överraskning är dock dentäckning som man kan uppnå med den högre effekt som de lokala 5G tillstånden tillåter.En viktig erfarenhet är också hur viktigt det kommer att vara med tydliga roller i hela kedjan, frånföretaget som vill nyttja och bygga ett lokalt 5G nät, leverantörerna av utrustning och maskiner somska kopplas upp med 5G, ”operatören” av nätet och leverantören av 5G nätets komponenter. Enannan viktig roll blir systemintegratören som ska integrera de 5G uppkopplade enheterna med övrigaproduktionssystem (OT) och administrativa system (IT).Den aspekt som vi inte lyckades slutföra i projektet var mätningar av eventuella störningar mellan depublika och lokala 5G näten respektive mellan lokala nät. Det är en viktig aspekt som kommandeprojekt bör utreda.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Stockholm: KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 2024. p. 31
Series
TRITA-EECS-RP ; 2024:2
National Category
Communication Systems
Research subject
Electrical Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-359744 (URN)
Projects
Test och värdering av lokala 5G nät och lokalt spektrum för digitalisering av industriella system och produktion
Funder
Vinnova, 2022-01725
Note

QC 20250218

Available from: 2025-02-10 Created: 2025-02-10 Last updated: 2025-02-18Bibliographically approved
Beckman, C., Brutscher, H., Gottfried, F., Karlsson, M., Mikkelsen, H. & Reinhagen, R. (2023). High Reliability Air-to-Ground Communication System based on Aggregation of Terrestrial Networks. In: Proceedings - 2023 28th Asia Pacific Conference on Communications, APCC 2023: . Paper presented at 28th Asia-Pacific Conference on Communications, APCC 2023, Sydney, Australia, Nov 19 2023 - Nov 22 2023 (pp. 75-80). Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Open this publication in new window or tab >>High Reliability Air-to-Ground Communication System based on Aggregation of Terrestrial Networks
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2023 (English)In: Proceedings - 2023 28th Asia Pacific Conference on Communications, APCC 2023, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) , 2023, p. 75-80Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

Providing connectivity to helicopters and drones is a challenging issue both from a technical as well as financial perspective. One possible cost efficient solution to the problem is for the aircraft to connect directly to the already deployed terrestrial public networks and aggregate their combined capacity and coverage at the Internet Protocol (IP) level. In this study we equipped an Airbus helicopter H135 with external antennas from VITES GmbH, two Icomera 'X5/X6' multi-SIM routers, including Icomera's autonomous test and monitoring system 'Surveyor', and conducted multiple test flights over a rural area in southern Germany. The results showed that using Icomera's patented technology it is possible to connect a helicopter or a drone, flying at an altitude of 10.000 ft (3048 m), to multiple terrestrial public cellular networks. Thus, obtaining high capacity, large coverage and high reliability connections to the helicopter.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), 2023
Keywords
Air to Ground Communication, Network Aggregation
National Category
Telecommunications
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-344937 (URN)10.1109/APCC60132.2023.10460705 (DOI)001190732000014 ()2-s2.0-85188423966 (Scopus ID)
Conference
28th Asia-Pacific Conference on Communications, APCC 2023, Sydney, Australia, Nov 19 2023 - Nov 22 2023
Note

QC 20240404

Part of ISBN 979-8-3503-8261-7

Available from: 2024-04-03 Created: 2024-04-03 Last updated: 2024-04-15Bibliographically approved
Beckman, C. & Markendahl, J. (2022). Can local 5G networks using local spectrum be used as platform for digitalization of industrial systems and services?. In: Proceedings 31st European Regional ITS Conference, Gothenburg, Sweden, June 2022: Reining in Digital Platforms? Challenging monopolies, promoting competition and developing regulatory regimes. Paper presented at 31st European Regional ITS Conference, Gothenburg, Sweden, 20-21 June 2022.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Can local 5G networks using local spectrum be used as platform for digitalization of industrial systems and services?
2022 (English)In: Proceedings 31st European Regional ITS Conference, Gothenburg, Sweden, June 2022: Reining in Digital Platforms? Challenging monopolies, promoting competition and developing regulatory regimes, 2022Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

Local 5G spectrum licenses has recently attracted a great deal of attention and expectations from both industry and governments all over the world. One reason is the expectation that 5G local industrial networks using local spectrum can be used to support digitalization of industrial processes, and hence increase productivity of industrial use cases. In support of these expectations, governments all over the world have allocated spectrum for local 5G licensing in the 3.5GHz band with various conditions.This paper focuses on local 5G networks for "private" use, these non-public networks are commonly referred to as Non-Public Networks (NPNs). We present results and discussion about implications in three areas: Network capacity and cost for 5G NPN for industrial use; Allocation of local spectrum licenses; Ecosystem analysis of business models and value networks. For the two first areas our analysis indicates that previously identified questions related to radio-interference and co-existence between NPN and operator macro cell networks still seem to be challenging. It is unclear if 5G NPN using Time-Division Duplex (TDD) at the 3.5 GHz band can satisfy performance and operational needs in the field of industrial radio systems. Hence, the value of this type of local 5G licenses need to be further discussed.For the third area and the question “what actor is doing what?” we see a need to look more into solutions where different types of actors cooperate and contribute to different parts of the value network. This is in contrast to what is described in many papers and reports where the assumption is that one type of actor will take care of all or most of the roles.

National Category
Telecommunications
Research subject
Telecommunication
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-339317 (URN)
Conference
31st European Regional ITS Conference, Gothenburg, Sweden, 20-21 June 2022
Funder
Vinnova
Note

QC 20231108

Available from: 2023-11-07 Created: 2023-11-07 Last updated: 2024-01-02Bibliographically approved
Garcia, J., Beckman, C., Reinhagen, R. & Brunstrom, A. (2022). Measuring and Modeling Aggregate LTE Connection Reliability for Train Operations. In: 2022 IEEE international workshop on communications quality and reliability (IEEE CQR): . Paper presented at IEEE ComSoc International Workshop on Communications Quality and Reliability (CQR), SEP 13-15, 2022, Arlington, VA (pp. 31-36). Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Measuring and Modeling Aggregate LTE Connection Reliability for Train Operations
2022 (English)In: 2022 IEEE international workshop on communications quality and reliability (IEEE CQR), Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) , 2022, p. 31-36Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

We examine the connection reliability of LTE cellular infrastructure for supporting train signaling systems. In particular, the impact of simultaneous use of multiple networks on reliability is considered, along with failure correlation effects. We present a tailored reliability model, and report on data collected from many train-mounted cellular routers. Connection reliability reaches 99.994% when aggregation is used, compared to 99.953% for the best single link. Both modeling and measurement results show greatly improved reliability when aggregating over multiple links, thus indicating that commercial cellular networks may be useful for providing connectivity to future train signaling systems.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), 2022
Series
International Workshop Technical Committee on Communications Quality and Reliability, ISSN 2163-5595
Keywords
connection reliability, train control
National Category
Transport Systems and Logistics
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-325005 (URN)10.1109/CQR54764.2022.9918616 (DOI)000936031500006 ()
Conference
IEEE ComSoc International Workshop on Communications Quality and Reliability (CQR), SEP 13-15, 2022, Arlington, VA
Note

QC 20230324

Available from: 2023-03-24 Created: 2023-03-24 Last updated: 2023-03-24Bibliographically approved
Burman, P., Boström, J., Mölleryd, B., Stiwne, A., Enmalm, P., Beckman, C. & Markendahl, J. (2021). Slutrapport: Genomförbarhetsstudie - Lokala nät och lokal spektrumanvändning för industriella radiosystem.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Slutrapport: Genomförbarhetsstudie - Lokala nät och lokal spektrumanvändning för industriella radiosystem
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2021 (Swedish)Report (Other academic)
Abstract [sv]

I denna rapport sammanfattar vi utfört utredningsarbete för den studie som vi genomfört under perioden november 2020 – mars 2021 avseende lokala 5G-nät för industrin.

Medverkande har varit Boliden Mineral AB, Åkerströms i Björbo AB, Post- och Telesturelsen (PTS) samt KTH. Studien har finansierats av det strategiska innovationsprogrammet Smartare elektroniksystem  - en gemensam satsning av Vinnova, Formas och Energimyndigheten.

Rapporten rymmer två typer av material, dels beskrivning av nuläge dels analys och slutsatser.Nulägesbeskrivningen för 5G innefattar: status för spektrumtilldelning och utbyggnad av nät i några länder samt om forskning och standardisering vad gäller lokala 5G-nät för industrin.

Analysdelen består av resonemang och resultat inom fyra olika områden: i) krav och behov, ii) möjliga scenarier och alternativ för systemlösningar, iii) kort summering av centrala tekniska faktorer för lokala nät avsedda för industrin, samt iv) sammanställning av utmaningar för olika aktörer och för spektrumtilldelning.

Icke-publika nät (Non-public networks, NPN) är ett globalt fenomen med stort stöd och intresse från existerande ekosystem inom industri och telekom men även från helt nya spelare från tex IT industrin. NPN drivs av industrins behov av säker och tillförlitlig uppkoppling för digitalisering och automatisering av sina processer. Idag är industrins uppkoppling främst trådbunden, alternativt så använder man sig av ”proprietära”- eller WiFi baserade system i icke-licensierade band (alternativt smala frekvensband specifikt dedicerade för olika industriprocesser). Trådbunden uppkoppling är långsiktigt inte önskvärt för industrin då det begränsar rörligheten.

För tillverkare av industriell radiostyrning är slutsatsen att man långsiktigt måste förbereda sig på att migrera från punkt-till-punkt kommunikation till användning av cellulära nätverk. För att industriföretag skall kunna ta beslut om investering i cellulär teknik för uppkoppling   istället för tex WiFi, krävs långsiktighet både tekniskt och affärsmässigt. Det är därför viktigt att man kan tillhandahålla frekvenser för industriellt bruk. 

Bandet 3,72-3,80 GHz är i många länder tilldelat för lokala tillstånd. Detta band är definierat för TDD och behöver synkroniseras med operatörernas nät samt även använda samma fördelning av trafik mellan upp-och nedlänk som dessa nät. Industrins kapacitetsbehov är främst i upplänk medan operatörsnäten främst tillhandahåller video i nedlänk. Vidare finns ett antal andra utmaningar för samexistens mellan lokala nät och operatörsnät. Det är i nuläget oklart om man via endast TDD-tillstånd i 3,5 GHz eller högre frekvensband kommer att kunna tillfredsställa alla behov inom området industriell radiostyrning och icke publika nät.

Sammanfattningsvis kan vi konstatera att detta projekt har identifierat ett antal osäkerheter  och utmaningar avseende lokala 5G-nät för industrin. Vår bedömning är att dessa är så stora att det i nuläget saknas underlag för att definiera ett större utvecklingsprojekt. För att kunna definiera ett relevant projekt för att utveckla och testa 5G baserad system för industriell radiostyrning behöver ytterligare underlag tas fram. Dessutom bör man även invänta beslut från PTS avseende allokering av frekvenser för industrin. 

Publisher
p. 43
Series
TRITA-EECS-RP ; 2021:1
National Category
Telecommunications
Research subject
Telecommunication
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-293347 (URN)
Funder
Vinnova, 2020-03680
Note

QC 20210428

Available from: 2021-04-22 Created: 2021-04-22 Last updated: 2022-10-24Bibliographically approved
Mikkelsen, H., Reinhagen, R., Karlsson, M. & Beckman, C. (2020). Benchmarking Alternative Technologies for providing Voice Services onboard Trains. In: Proceedings of the IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference: . Paper presented at 2020 IEEE 92nd Vehicular Technology Conference: VTC2020-Fall,18 November - 16 December, 2020 online. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Benchmarking Alternative Technologies for providing Voice Services onboard Trains
2020 (English)In: Proceedings of the IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) , 2020Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

Providing cellular voice onboard trains has proven to be a challenging task. The metallic chassis and the energysaving coating on the windows act as a radio shield. In combination with sparsely spaced cellular base stations on rural routes, the coverage onboard inter-city trains is under dimensioned. Since the late 1990s, analog 'amplify and forward' radio repeaters have been used extensively to provide coverage of cellular voice onboard trains. However, repeater systems have proven to be both expensive and technically problematic for both trains as well as mobile network operators. In this study, three alternative technologies for providing cellular voice onboard trains are investigated and benchmarked. The technologies under investigation are: circuit-switched voice on GSM and 3G; Voice over IP on LTE (VoLTE); Voice over the onboard Wi-Fi network (VoWiFi). To benchmark these systems against each other, measurements were conducted onboard Swedish X2000 trains, en-route between Stockholm and Gothenburg. In particular we measure: the Availability; the Retainability: Geographical Coverage and Voice quality. Our results show that VoWiFi over the onboard Wi-Fi network outperforms GSM, UMTS as well as VoLTE provided over the onboard repeaters, with equal voice quality as VoLTE but nearly 100% availability and nearly 100% retainability.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), 2020
Keywords
GSM, LTE, Train communications, UMTS, Voice services, VoLTE, VoWiFi, Wi-Fi, Mobile telecommunication systems, Springs (components), Wireless local area networks (WLAN), Alternative technologies, Amplify and forward, Cellular base stations, Circuit-switched voice, Geographical coverage, Inter city train, Mobile network operators, Voice/data communication systems
National Category
Communication Systems
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-301709 (URN)10.1109/VTC2020-Spring48590.2020.9128782 (DOI)2-s2.0-85088304679 (Scopus ID)
Conference
2020 IEEE 92nd Vehicular Technology Conference: VTC2020-Fall,18 November - 16 December, 2020 online
Note

QC 20210915

Available from: 2021-09-15 Created: 2021-09-15 Last updated: 2024-01-10Bibliographically approved
Beckman, C. (2019). 5G and its Implication for Rail. In: Train Communicatins Systems 2019: The WiFi on trains conference. Paper presented at BWCS Train Communications Systems 2019. London
Open this publication in new window or tab >>5G and its Implication for Rail
2019 (English)In: Train Communicatins Systems 2019: The WiFi on trains conference, London, 2019Conference paper, Oral presentation only (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
London: , 2019
Keywords
5G WiFi
National Category
Communication Systems
Research subject
Telecommunication
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-263942 (URN)
Conference
BWCS Train Communications Systems 2019
Note

QC 20191201

Available from: 2019-11-19 Created: 2019-11-19 Last updated: 2024-03-15Bibliographically approved
Organisations
Identifiers
ORCID iD: ORCID iD iconorcid.org/0000-0002-3015-4495

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