This chapter describes the emerging pattern of marginality at the 'microregional level' in Sweden. It explains the changes in socio-economic conditions in Sweden. O. Pettersson et al made a cluster analysis in order to identify groups of microregions with similar characteristics both in physical and socio-economic terms. Modifying the regional redistribution mechanisms, down sizing programs, and privatizing others all have implications for marginal areas. Most social services in Sweden are produced by municipalities and county councils. Central government had strong influence on the allocation of resources in each municipality. The microregional variation in 1990 is shown within two zones: the 'Urban' labour market area of Umea and 'Rural' a sparsely populated region in the interior of the county. In Sweden, marginal regions have been among the regions which are most protected and compensated by means of transfers within the welfare system.

This title was first published in 2002: Uniting scholars from across the full range of social sciences, this distinctive volume provides a unique overview of northern European planning. It examines all the key issues as well as the evolution, traditions, current innovations and future developments in the field of planning. Focusing on how planning impacts upon social issues such as employment, social exclusion and quality of life, the volume also looks at innovations in planning policy and practice, in particular the challenge of sustainability. The contributors analyze the built environment's relationship with culture and take a critical look at the creative re-thinking currently taking place in Nordic planning.