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Day-ahead dispatch optimization with dynamic thermal rating of transformers and overhead lines
KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Electrical Engineering, Electromagnetic Engineering.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-4065-715x
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2019 (English)In: Electric power systems research, ISSN 0378-7796, E-ISSN 1873-2046, Vol. 171, p. 194-208Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Several studies have demonstrated how Dynamic Line Rating (DLR) could be an effective solution for increasing transmission capacity of existing overhead lines. As opposed to Static Line Ratings (SLR), DLR allows for higher power flows depending on real time thermal state of conductors, which highly depend on actual weather conditions. Similarly, recent advances in transformer thermal modelling revealed the feasibility of Dynamic Transformer Rating (DTR) based on the temporal evolution of top oil and winding hot spot temperatures. However, the joint dynamic thermal rating of both overhead lines and transformers in transmission networks has not been thoroughly addressed yet in the literature. This paper proposes a day-ahead dispatch optimization problem based on DC-Optimal Power Flow, where transformer top oil and hot spot dynamics are directly accounted for together with dynamic line ratings of selected transmission lines. Simulated weather data from an actual power system are mapped to the IEEE RTS 24 bus system thus allowing for the estimation of DLR on several lines and the influence of ambient temperature on transformer rating. Results indicate the potential benefits that using DLR in conjunction with DTR could provide for the optimal power system dispatch. The proposed approach does not only indicate advantages compared to standard rating scenarios, but also shows a positive impact that dynamic line rating has on unlocking transformer constraints and vice versa.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier, 2019. Vol. 171, p. 194-208
Keywords [en]
Dynamic line rating, Dynamic transformer rating, Optimal power dispatch, Power system optimization, Wind power integration
National Category
Other Electrical Engineering, Electronic Engineering, Information Engineering
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-246409DOI: 10.1016/j.epsr.2019.02.026ISI: 000464488600019Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85062302260OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-246409DiVA, id: diva2:1301505
Note

QC 20190402

Available from: 2019-04-02 Created: 2019-04-02 Last updated: 2022-06-26Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Dynamic Rating with Applications to Renewable Energy
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Dynamic Rating with Applications to Renewable Energy
2020 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Dynamic rating (DR) of power components is a method for assessing real-time capacity of large scale power transmission and distribution devices (commonly: transmission lines, power transformers, underground cables) and using this knowledge for adjusting loading limits of these components. 

Dynamic rating of power lines or dynamic line rating (DLR) is a pioneering technology in the area of dynamic rating. Heat balance of an overhead conductor is a defining factor when designing capacity limits for power lines. The maximum ampacity of the power line depends on the factors, such as ambient temperature, wind speed, wind direction, solar radiation, humidity, location, height above the sea level and conductor dimensions and material properties. 

Dynamic transformer rating (DTR) is a new emerging technology with high interest from industry and academia. Similarly to DLR, the dynamic rating of transformers relies on a thermal assessment of the device by locating the hottest spot in the transformer windings. The hot-spot temperature is the limiting factor for determining the maximum allowable ampacity. By shifting from the power-constrained the loading limits to the temperature-constrained, it is possible to achieve much better utilization of power transformer.

Recently, DLR became a recognizable concept in the power systems research community; DTR is also slowly gaining its popularity among researchers. At the same time, the industry begins to recognize DR benefits and invest in dynamic rating technologies. However, there exist many unanswered questions to the technology's reliability, applicability and safe operation. One of the central questions is: how to integrate dynamic rating into short term and long term planning decisions?

he results of the work presented in this thesis show that dynamic rating has high potential to improve power system performance and reduce the costs for power dispatch and increase the share of the renewable energy in the electricity mix. Together with that dynamic rating can help to make renewable energy more accessible by decrease the investment needed for supplying the electricity demand and providing cheaper and faster grid connection.

Abstract [sv]

Dynamisk rating (DR) av elkraftkomponenter syftar till tekniker för att uppskatta kapaciteten hos komponenter för storskalig överföring av elkraft (vanligtvis: kraftledningar, transformatorer, underjordiska kablar) i realtid och använda denna information för att justera belastningsgränserna för dessa. 

Dynamisk rating av kraftledningar (DLR) är en nydanande teknik inom detta område. Värmebalansen för en kraftledning är en viktig faktor för att bestämma dess överföringskapacitet. En kraftlednings maximala strömledningsförmåga beror därför på faktorer så som temperatur, vindhastighet, vindriktning, solstrålning, fuktighet, geografiskt läge, höjd över havet och ledarens dimensioner och materialegenskaper.

Dynamisk rating av transformatorer (DTR) är en ny teknik med stort intresse från industri och akademi. Liknande som för DLR använder sig DTR av en uppskattning av den hot-spot temperaturen, hos komponenten genom att hitta den varmaste punkten i transformatorlindningarna. Hot-spot temperaturen är den begränsande faktorn för att avgöra transformatorns överföringskapacitet. Genom att låta den maximalt tillåtna belastningen bero på temperaturen istället för effekten kan utnyttjandet av transformatorn förbättras väsentligt. 

Nyligen har DLR blivit ett erkänt koncept inom forskningen för elkraft och DTR har också börjat bli populärt bland forskare. Samtidigt har industrin börjat se fördelarna av DR och investera i dessa tekniker. Det finns dock fortfarande många frågor kring teknikern som rör tillförlitlighet, applicerbarhet och säkerhet. En av de viktigaste frågorna är hur man bäst kan integrera dynamisk rating i kort- och långtidsplaneringen av elkraftsystem.

Resultaten av arbetet som presenteras i denna avhandling visar att dynamisk rating har en stor potential att minska kostnaderna för driften av elnätet och tillåta integrering av mer förnybara energikällor. Dessutom kan dynamisk rating göra förnybar energi mer tillgänglig genom att minska de investeringar som krävs för att tillgodose efterfrågan på elektricitet och möjliggöra snabbare och billigare anslutning till elnätet.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Stockholm,: KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 2020. p. 84
Series
TRITA-EECS-AVL ; 2020:3
Keywords
dynamic rating, dynamic line rating, dynamic transformer rating, power transformers, power system optimization, wind farm planning
National Category
Electrical Engineering, Electronic Engineering, Information Engineering
Research subject
Electrical Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-266363 (URN)978-91-7873-390-3 (ISBN)
Public defence
2020-01-31, Kollegiesalen, Brinellvägen 8, Stockholm, 14:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Funder
Swedish Energy AgencySweGRIDS - Swedish Centre for Smart Grids and Energy Storage, FPS18StandUp for Wind
Note

QC 20200109

Available from: 2020-01-09 Created: 2020-01-09 Last updated: 2024-01-12Bibliographically approved

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Morozovska, KaterynaHilber, Patrik

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