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A framework for application of dynamic line rating to aluminum conductor steel reinforced cables based on mechanical strength and durability
KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Electrical Engineering, Electromagnetic Engineering.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-4065-715x
KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Electrical Engineering, Electromagnetic Engineering.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-4730-2095
KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Electrical Engineering, Electromagnetic Engineering.ORCID iD: 0000-0003-2025-5759
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2020 (English)In: International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, ISSN 0142-0615, E-ISSN 1879-3517, Vol. 116, article id 105491Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Dynamic line rating can be described as a method of overloading the power line within reliability and safety limits. Power line's loading limits can be increased, if its temperature is controlled to be below the maximum allowable conductor temperature, which is defined by the grid regulations. Dynamic rating brings additional uncertainties and risks to the grid operation due to high variability of weather conditions, which plays an essential role in determining real-time capacity limits. Power lines often are under the influence of risk factors related to power system performance, however, they could also be subjected to additional risks related to their mechanical structure. Overhead lines, which are composed of more than one stranded material, are exposed to increasing mechanical stress due to differences in thermal expansion characteristics of different materials. The reliability analysis of transient expansion/shrinkage of the material has identified the risks to the conductor mechanical strength that are associated with dynamic heating and cooling. This study determines an optimal dynamic line rating application, which not only would take into account electrical properties of the system and economic benefits, but would also minimize the aging of steel reinforced aluminum overhead lines. Alternatively to hourly line rating adjustment, 2 h, 3 h and 4 h ratings are suggested as possible way to decrease impact of DLR on conductor mechanical durability. Comparing the mechanical durability and cost benefits between different frequencies of loading limit adjustments, allows suggesting improvements to dynamic line rating application. 

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier, 2020. Vol. 116, article id 105491
Keywords [en]
Aluminum conductor steel reinforced, Conductor mechanical strength, Dynamic line rating, Power line durability, Durability, Electric power system control, Overhead lines, Reinforcement, Reliability analysis, Risk assessment, Thermal expansion, Dynamic line ratings, Maximum allowable conductor temperature, Mechanical durability, Power lines, Power system performance, Reliability and safeties, Thermal expansion characteristics, Dynamics
National Category
Electrical Engineering, Electronic Engineering, Information Engineering
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-262058DOI: 10.1016/j.ijepes.2019.105491ISI: 000499733200009Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85072543859OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-262058DiVA, id: diva2:1372297
Note

QC 20191122

Available from: 2019-11-22 Created: 2019-11-22 Last updated: 2024-01-05Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Dynamic Rating with Applications to Renewable Energy
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Dynamic Rating with Applications to Renewable Energy
2020 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Dynamic rating (DR) of power components is a method for assessing real-time capacity of large scale power transmission and distribution devices (commonly: transmission lines, power transformers, underground cables) and using this knowledge for adjusting loading limits of these components. 

Dynamic rating of power lines or dynamic line rating (DLR) is a pioneering technology in the area of dynamic rating. Heat balance of an overhead conductor is a defining factor when designing capacity limits for power lines. The maximum ampacity of the power line depends on the factors, such as ambient temperature, wind speed, wind direction, solar radiation, humidity, location, height above the sea level and conductor dimensions and material properties. 

Dynamic transformer rating (DTR) is a new emerging technology with high interest from industry and academia. Similarly to DLR, the dynamic rating of transformers relies on a thermal assessment of the device by locating the hottest spot in the transformer windings. The hot-spot temperature is the limiting factor for determining the maximum allowable ampacity. By shifting from the power-constrained the loading limits to the temperature-constrained, it is possible to achieve much better utilization of power transformer.

Recently, DLR became a recognizable concept in the power systems research community; DTR is also slowly gaining its popularity among researchers. At the same time, the industry begins to recognize DR benefits and invest in dynamic rating technologies. However, there exist many unanswered questions to the technology's reliability, applicability and safe operation. One of the central questions is: how to integrate dynamic rating into short term and long term planning decisions?

he results of the work presented in this thesis show that dynamic rating has high potential to improve power system performance and reduce the costs for power dispatch and increase the share of the renewable energy in the electricity mix. Together with that dynamic rating can help to make renewable energy more accessible by decrease the investment needed for supplying the electricity demand and providing cheaper and faster grid connection.

Abstract [sv]

Dynamisk rating (DR) av elkraftkomponenter syftar till tekniker för att uppskatta kapaciteten hos komponenter för storskalig överföring av elkraft (vanligtvis: kraftledningar, transformatorer, underjordiska kablar) i realtid och använda denna information för att justera belastningsgränserna för dessa. 

Dynamisk rating av kraftledningar (DLR) är en nydanande teknik inom detta område. Värmebalansen för en kraftledning är en viktig faktor för att bestämma dess överföringskapacitet. En kraftlednings maximala strömledningsförmåga beror därför på faktorer så som temperatur, vindhastighet, vindriktning, solstrålning, fuktighet, geografiskt läge, höjd över havet och ledarens dimensioner och materialegenskaper.

Dynamisk rating av transformatorer (DTR) är en ny teknik med stort intresse från industri och akademi. Liknande som för DLR använder sig DTR av en uppskattning av den hot-spot temperaturen, hos komponenten genom att hitta den varmaste punkten i transformatorlindningarna. Hot-spot temperaturen är den begränsande faktorn för att avgöra transformatorns överföringskapacitet. Genom att låta den maximalt tillåtna belastningen bero på temperaturen istället för effekten kan utnyttjandet av transformatorn förbättras väsentligt. 

Nyligen har DLR blivit ett erkänt koncept inom forskningen för elkraft och DTR har också börjat bli populärt bland forskare. Samtidigt har industrin börjat se fördelarna av DR och investera i dessa tekniker. Det finns dock fortfarande många frågor kring teknikern som rör tillförlitlighet, applicerbarhet och säkerhet. En av de viktigaste frågorna är hur man bäst kan integrera dynamisk rating i kort- och långtidsplaneringen av elkraftsystem.

Resultaten av arbetet som presenteras i denna avhandling visar att dynamisk rating har en stor potential att minska kostnaderna för driften av elnätet och tillåta integrering av mer förnybara energikällor. Dessutom kan dynamisk rating göra förnybar energi mer tillgänglig genom att minska de investeringar som krävs för att tillgodose efterfrågan på elektricitet och möjliggöra snabbare och billigare anslutning till elnätet.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Stockholm,: KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 2020. p. 84
Series
TRITA-EECS-AVL ; 2020:3
Keywords
dynamic rating, dynamic line rating, dynamic transformer rating, power transformers, power system optimization, wind farm planning
National Category
Electrical Engineering, Electronic Engineering, Information Engineering
Research subject
Electrical Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-266363 (URN)978-91-7873-390-3 (ISBN)
Public defence
2020-01-31, Kollegiesalen, Brinellvägen 8, Stockholm, 14:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Funder
Swedish Energy AgencySweGRIDS - Swedish Centre for Smart Grids and Energy Storage, FPS18StandUp for Wind
Note

QC 20200109

Available from: 2020-01-09 Created: 2020-01-09 Last updated: 2024-01-12Bibliographically approved
2. On the Role of Data Quality and Availability in Power System Asset Management
Open this publication in new window or tab >>On the Role of Data Quality and Availability in Power System Asset Management
2021 (English)Licentiate thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

In power system asset management, component data is crucial for decision making. This thesis mainly focuses on two aspects of asset data: data quality and data availability.

The quality level of data has a great impact on the optimality of asset management decisions. The goal is to quantify the impact of data errors from a maintenance optimization perspective using random population studies. In quantitative terms, the impact of data quality can be evaluated financially and technically. The financial impact is the total maintenance cost per year of a specific scenario in a population of components, whereas the technical impact is the loss of a component's useful technical lifetime due to sub-optimal replacement time. Using Monte-Carlo simulation techniques, those impacts are analyzed in a case study of a simplified random population of independent and non-repairable components. The results show that missing data has a larger impact on cost and replacement year estimation than that of under- or over-estimated data. Additionally, depending on problem parameters, after a certain threshold of missing data probability, the estimation of cost and replacement year becomes unreliable. Thus, effective decision making for a certain population of components requires ensuring a minimum level of data quality.

Data availability is another challenge that faces power system asset managers. Data can be lacking due to several factors including censoring, restricted access, or absence of data acquisition. These factors are addressed in this thesis from a decision making point of view through case studies at the operation and maintenance levels. Data censoring is handled as a data quality problem using a Monte-Carlo simulation. While the problems of restricted access and absence of data acquisition are studied using event trees and multiphysics modelling. 

While the quantitative data quality problem can be abstract, and thus applicable to different types of physical assets, the data availability problem requires a case-by-case analysis to reach an effective decision making strategy.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Stockholm: KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 2021. p. 62
Series
TRITA-EECS-AVL ; 2021:42
Keywords
Data quality, asset management, power systems, maintenance optimization
National Category
Other Electrical Engineering, Electronic Engineering, Information Engineering
Research subject
Electrical Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-295696 (URN)978-91-7873-908-0 (ISBN)
Presentation
2021-06-15, Eric G. Hallén, Teknikringen 31, Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan, Stockholm, 13:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Projects
CPC5
Funder
SweGRIDS - Swedish Centre for Smart Grids and Energy Storage, CPC5
Note

QC 20210528

Available from: 2021-05-28 Created: 2021-05-25 Last updated: 2022-07-08Bibliographically approved
3. Data Importance in Power System Asset Management
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Data Importance in Power System Asset Management
2024 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Alternative title[sv]
Betydelsen av data i förvaltningen av kraftsystemets tillgångar
Abstract [en]

The current shift towards a higher degree of data-driven decision making in power system asset management highlights the importance of asset data. This thesis identifies, investigates, and proposes methods for data-related research gaps that are encountered by asset managers. These research gaps are in data availability and data quality. 

It is challenging to generalize the data availability problem on an abstract level. Thus, data availability is studied through three different case studies. Each case study addresses a factor that contributes to data availability problems. Data censoring is modeled as a data quality problem using a Monte-Carlo simulation. Lack of access to and acquisition of data are studied through event tree analysis and multiphysics modelling. These case studies reveal that even in a low data availability environment, informed decision making is feasible. 

Monte-Carlo simulation techniques are powerful when analyzing the data quality problem. Asset data quality is studied based on two perspectives; namely, maintenance optimization and reliability evaluation. First, using random population studies shows that data quality can have a notable financial and technical impact on maintenance optimization. A critical finding is that missing data can lead to distortions in estimates of the optimal replacement time of a component. It is shown that there exists a certain threshold of missing data proportion beyond which maintenance optimization becomes unreliable. The specific percentage value of this threshold depends on the failure model parameters. Second, incorporating the data quality model in a reliability test system simulation shows that the impact on the annual estimation of system- and energy-oriented reliability indices is nearly non-existent.

Finally, this thesis introduces a method to rank component types based on data quality importance. The data quality importance (DQI) ranking is derived from the Weibull function’s sensitivity to data errors. This method indicates that distortions in Weibull parameters have a non-linear impact on maintenance optimization. This leads to a conclusion that investments in data quality must be allocated based on the DQI ranking of a certain component. Reaching the right level of data quality for a component leads to efficient decision making. 

Abstract [sv]

Den nuvarande övergången mot en högre grad av datadrivet beslutsfattande inom förvaltning av kraftsystem belyser vikten av tillgång till data. Denna avhandling identifierar och undersöker och föreslår metoder för datarelaterade forskningsluckor som kapitalförvaltare möter. Dessa forskningsluckor finns i datatillgänglighet och datakvalitet.

Det är utmanande att generalisera datatillgänglighetsproblemet på en abstrakt nivå. Datatillgänglighet studeras alltså genom tre olika fallstudier. Varje fallstudie tar upp en faktor som bidrar till datatillgänglighetsproblem.  Datacensurering modelleras som ett datakvalitetsproblem med hjälp av en Monte-Carlo-simulering. Bristande tillgång till och inhämtning av data studeras genom händelseträdsanalys och multifysisk modellering. Dessa fallstudier visar att även i en miljö med låg datatillgänglighet är välgrundat beslutsfattande möjligt.

Monte-Carlo simuleringstekniker är kraftfulla när man analyserar datakvalitetsproblemet.  Tillgångsdatakvalitet studeras utifrån två perspektiv; näm-ligen underhållsoptimering och tillförlitlighetsutvärdering.  För det första visar användning av slumpmässiga befolkningsstudier att datakvalitet kan ha en betydande ekonomisk och teknisk inverkan på underhållsoptimering.  En kritisk upptäckt är att saknad data kan leda till förvrängningar i uppskattningar av den optimala utbytestiden för en komponent. Det har visat sig att det finns en viss tröskel för andelen saknad data, bortom vilken underhållsoptimering blir opålitlig.  Det specifika procentvärdet för denna tröskel beror på felmodellens parametrar.  För det andra, att införliva datakvalitetsmodellen i en simulering av tillförlitlighetstestsystem visar att effekten på den årliga uppskattningen av system- och energiorienterade tillförlitlighetsindex är nästan obefintlig.

Slutligen introducerar denna avhandling en metod för att rangordna komponenttyper baserat på datakvalitetens betydelse.  Rankningen av datakvalitetens betydelse (DQI) härleds från Weibull-funktionens känslighet för datafel.  Denna metod indikerar att förvrängningar i Weibull-parametrar har en icke-linjär inverkan på underhållsoptimering. Detta leder till slutsatsen att investeringar i datakvalitet måste allokeras utifrån DQI-rankningen av en viss komponent.  Att nå rätt nivå av datakvalitet för en komponent leder till effektivt beslutsfattande.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Stockholm, Sweden: KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 2024. p. x, 60
Series
TRITA-EECS-AVL ; 2024:4
Keywords
Data availability, data quality, asset management, power systems, maintenance optimization, Datatillgänglighet, datakvalitet, tillgångsförvaltning, kraftsystem, underhållsoptimering
National Category
Electrical Engineering, Electronic Engineering, Information Engineering
Research subject
Electrical Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-341407 (URN)978-91-8040-800-4 (ISBN)
Public defence
2024-01-29, Sal F3, Lindstedtsvägen 26, Stockholm, Sweden, 15:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Funder
SweGRIDS - Swedish Centre for Smart Grids and Energy Storage
Note

QC 20240108

Available from: 2024-01-08 Created: 2024-01-05 Last updated: 2024-01-08Bibliographically approved

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Morozovska, KaterynaNaim, WadihShayesteh, EbrahimHilber, Patrik

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