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The true shape of composite cure tools
KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Aeronautical and Vehicle Engineering. Saab AB Bröderna Ugglas gata, SE-581 88 Linköping, Sweden1.
KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Aeronautical and Vehicle Engineering. Saab AB Bröderna Ugglas gata, SE-581 88 Linköping, Sweden1.ORCID iD: 0000-0003-0613-2680
Saab AB Bröderna Ugglas gata, SE-581 88 Linköping, Sweden1.
KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Aeronautical and Vehicle Engineering.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-6616-2964
2020 (English)In: Journal of Manufacturing Processes, ISSN 1526-6125, Vol. 59, p. 279-286Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

The cure tool is a key factor for successful composite part manufacturing since the tool shape is directly reflected in the moulded part. A composite cure tool is an alternative to metal tools. Lead time is often lower and rate tools less expensive. The recurring cost per produced part in the tool is often also lower, for instance from faster autoclave cure time. However, durability is commonly considered less favourable. Beyond all, a composite cure tool is often motivated as being the better option since the thermal expansion is close to that of the part which simplifies compensation of process-induced shape distortion. But is this really accurate? Perhaps, but only if the true mould shape at cure temperature is known. This paper includes both experiments and simulation showing actual composite cure tool shape at cure temperature. Also, simulation of stress levels in the tool laminate indicate an important characteristic of durability.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier Ltd , 2020. Vol. 59, p. 279-286
Keywords [en]
Anisotropy, Composite cure tool, Process simulation, Tool deflection, Tool design, Autoclaves, Durability, Thermal expansion, Autoclave cure, Composite parts, Cure temperature, Mould shape, Moulded parts, Recurring costs, Shape distortions, Stress levels, Curing
National Category
Composite Science and Engineering
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-287943DOI: 10.1016/j.jmapro.2020.08.052ISI: 000590952800004Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85092127195OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-287943DiVA, id: diva2:1512042
Note

QC 20220530

Available from: 2020-12-21 Created: 2020-12-21 Last updated: 2022-06-25Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Tooling and processing for efficient and high tolerance prepreg composite manufacturing
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Tooling and processing for efficient and high tolerance prepreg composite manufacturing
2022 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Composite use is normally motivated in aircraft design by improved weight-specific mechanical properties as compared to metals. However, fatigue and dielectric properties may also be critical for material selection. In the modern world the environmental footprint, with reduced emissions in focus, will be lighter with the successful use of composites. Flight safety is the most important requirement for the aerospace industry. In order to benefit from the important properties which ensure the necessary performance of the aircraft, part materials must be according to material specification. This is not unique to the composite materials. However, since the composite material is often created simultaneously with the composite part, the manufacturing processes used are even more critical for a composite part than for a metal part. Tooling is required for most of the process steps in composite part manufacturing. The large number of tools required to complete a composite part and the relatively small series involved in most composite applications render tooling cost a major contributor to final part cost. This is especially true in the aeronautical field considering the high-quality requirements as concerns shape accuracy and laminate quality, as well as low production rates with annual production ranging from a few dozen to the rare thousands of parts. Since tooling adds a substantial contribution to the part cost, it is imperative to be aware of the different options available for each process step and how these affect process stability and cost. Göte Strindberg, a former technical director at Saab, often said “Ninety-nine per cent right can be one hundred per cent wrong in a composite manufacturing process”. Finding the correct parameters for the last per cent is key to composite part success. This has been the overall goal of this project. The beginning of the project focused on both process and tooling related improvements for hot-forming of prepreg laminates enabling new opportunities and improved ergonomics. The research results in improvements in laminate quality, for example, reduced thickness variation, and a significant increase in process efficiency. One conclusion is that an 80% reduction of cycle time can be achieved with maintained, or even improved, laminate quality. A novel method for compensation of forming tools is also presented. Research then continued with cure tool related issues. Shape fidelity and durability for composite cure tools was studied with the combined outcome of an in-depth understanding of composite cure tool performance at the elevated temperature and moisture conditions present during the use of the tools.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Stockholm: KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 2022. p. 161
Series
TRITA-SCI-FOU ; 2022:10
Keywords
Tooling, Composite Manufacturing, Mould, Cure tool, Hot-forming, Compensation, Moisture, Shape distortion
National Category
Composite Science and Engineering
Research subject
Aerospace Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-312115 (URN)978-91-8040-246-0 (ISBN)
Public defence
2022-06-08, https://kth-se.zoom.us/j/61052452396, F3, Lindstedtsvägen 26, Stockholm, 09:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Funder
Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research, ID15-0042
Note

QC 220512

Available from: 2022-05-12 Created: 2022-05-11 Last updated: 2022-06-25Bibliographically approved

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Grankäll, TommyHallander, PerÅkermo, Malin

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