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Impacts of telecommuting on time use and travel: A case study of a neighborhood telecommuting center in Stockholm
Univ Zurich, Dept Informat, Binzmuehlestr 14, CH-148050 Zurich, Switzerland..
KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Centres, Integrated Transport Research Lab, ITRL.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-4149-0005
KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Sustainable development, Environmental science and Engineering, Strategic Sustainability Studies.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-7466-1448
KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Sustainable development, Environmental science and Engineering, Strategic Sustainability Studies.ORCID iD: 0000-0001-5327-6535
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2021 (English)In: Travel Behaviour & Society, ISSN 2214-367X, E-ISSN 2214-3688, Vol. 23, p. 157-165Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

While telecommuting (TC) research heavily discusses travel impacts of home-based TC, little is known about impacts of working from a neighborhood TC center on travel and non-travel activities and their energy requirements. We conduct a case study on the impacts of the work location (employer's office, TC center, home) on time use and travel using data collected in a neighborhood TC center in Stockholm. Our results show that telecommuters more frequently replaced working from the TC center for working from the more distant employer's office than for working from home. On TC center and home office days, diarists spent less time traveling, and on home office days more time on chores and leisure than on employer office days. When working from the TC center instead of the employer's office, telecommuters frequently used the same or more energy-efficient commute modes, e.g. biking instead of the car, which was feasible because the TC center is in the local neighborhood. However, when working from home, diarists mainly used the car for private travel. Thus, energy savings of TC can be increased by providing energy-efficient transport options or local access to non-work destinations to telecommuters. TC energy impacts depend also on changes to energy requirements for nontravel activities, for space heating/cooling/lighting at all work locations, and systemic TC effects (e.g. residential relocation), which can only be observed in the long term. Thus, future TC assessments should take an even broader perspective in terms of travel and non-travel activities, their energy requirements, and systemic effects.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier BV , 2021. Vol. 23, p. 157-165
Keywords [en]
Telecommuting, Neighborhood telecommuting center, Time use, Living lab, Energy consumption, Information and communication technology
National Category
Civil Engineering
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-293087DOI: 10.1016/j.tbs.2020.12.001ISI: 000632059300007Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85099700993OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-293087DiVA, id: diva2:1545644
Note

QC 20210420

Available from: 2021-04-20 Created: 2021-04-20 Last updated: 2022-09-29Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Understanding the system-level for Mobility as a Service: A framework to evaluate full-scale impacts of MaaS
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Understanding the system-level for Mobility as a Service: A framework to evaluate full-scale impacts of MaaS
2022 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Mobility as a Service (MaaS), as a concept, has been widely popularised and considered to hold promising potential in reducing travel-related environmental impacts and transforming our current transport system. MaaS enables intermodal travel by providing enhanced features for users to access multiple mobility services. The combination of mobility services in MaaS solutions promotes the use of public transport, active modes and shared mobility to reduce the dependency on private vehicles and provide optimal work and travel arrangements tailor-made to cater to an individual’s specific travel needs while promoting a better quality of life. While the MaaS based literature largely assumes that the service will have a positive impact on individuals and society, it is important to note that there could also be unintended rebound impacts. Additionally, the evidence regarding the same is limited to estimations based on either a small number of pilot studies or a few stated preference studies and expert speculation. While studies have been conducted on the individual, organisational and societal level aspects of MaaS variants such as user preferences, service design, business models, energy impacts, operation and management etc. there seem to be a lack of holistic understanding of the potential impacts of these services from a system-level perspective. MaaS, as a hybrid innovation with the potential to transform socio-technical systems, is a combination of several actors at the individual, organisational and societal levels interacting in a shared arena with the goal to “lock-in” this innovation into the larger society. Therefore, there is a need to not only evaluate MaaS at these three levels but also to take an integrated, holistic approach to understand the system-level impacts of MaaS. As MaaS systems are not currently operating at their full potential, this thesis evaluates two real- life small-scale trials of MaaS in Stockholm, Sweden at the individual, organisational and societal levels to explore the complexities of MaaS and its variant services. Using the knowledge gathered from the evaluations of the two small-scale MaaS trials, this thesis then develops a system-level framework to evaluate MaaS and its variant services by integrating the individual, organizational and societal levels using economic, environmental and social dimensions. For MaaS stakeholders involved in the development, implementation, operation and management of full-scale MaaS, this framework could act as a helpful tool in decision-making processes by highlighting the complex relationships between and within the individual, organisational and societal levels and how the decisions made at the individual, organisational and societal levels could impact each other.

Abstract [sv]

Mobility as a Service (MaaS), som koncept, har blivit allmänt populärt och anses ha potential att minska reserelaterad miljöpåverkan och förändra vårt nuvarande transportsystem. MaaS möjliggör intermodala resor genom att tillhandahålla förbättrade funktioner som ger användare tillgång till flera olika mobilitetstjänster. Kombinationen av mobilitetstjänster i MaaS-lösningar främjar användningen av kollektivtrafik, aktiva transportsätt och delad mobilitet. Detta föväntas leda till minskat beroende av privata bilar och gearbets- och researrangemang som är skräddarsydda för att tillgodose varje individs specifika resebehov och samtidigt främja en bättre livskvalitet. Även om den MaaS-baserade litteraturen till stor del antar att tjänsten kommer att ha en positiv inverkan på individer och samhälle, är det viktigt att notera att det också kan finnas oavsiktliga rekylseffekter. Dessutom är utvärderingen av MaaS önskade effekter begränsade till uppskattningar baserade på antingen ett litet antal pilotstudier eller ett fåtal preferensstudier samt expertspekulationer. Även om studier har genomförts för att undersöka individuella, organisatoriska och samhälleliga aspekter av MaaS-varianter, inklusive tex användarpreferenser, tjänstedesign, affärsmodeller, energipåverkan, drift och förvaltning etc., verkar det finnas en brist på holistisk förståelse för de potentiella effekterna av dessa tjänster ur ett systemnivåperspektiv.

 

MaaS, som en hybridinnovation med potential att transformera sociotekniska system, är en kombination av flera aktörer på individ-, organisations- och samhällsnivå som interagerar på en delad arena med målet att ”låsa in” denna innovation i det större samhället. Därför finns det ett behov av att inte bara utvärdera MaaS på dessa tre nivåer utan också att anta ett integrerat, holistiskt tillvägagångssätt för att förstå effekterna av MaaS på systemnivå. Eftersom MaaS-system för närvarande inte fungerar på fullt uppskalad nivå, utvärderar denna avhandling två verkliga, men småskaliga, tester av MaaS i Stockholm, Sverige på individuell, organisatorisk och samhällelig nivå för att utforska komplexiteten hos MaaS och dess olika tjänster. Med hjälp av den kunskap som samlats in från utvärderingarna av de två småskaliga MaaS-försöken, utvecklar denna avhandling sedan ett ramverk på systemnivå för att utvärdera MaaS och dess olika tjänster genom att integrera de individuella, organisatoriska och samhälleliga nivåerna med hjälp av ekonomiska, miljömässiga och sociala dimensioner. För MaaS-intressenter som är involverade i utveckling, implementering, drift och förvaltning av fullskalig MaaS kan detta ramverk fungera som ett användbart verktyg i beslutsprocesser genom att lyfta fram de komplexa relationerna mellan och inom individ-, organisations- och samhälleliga nivåer och hur beslut som fattas på individ-, organisations- och samhällsnivå kan påverka varandra.

 

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Stockholm: KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 2022. p. 83
Series
TRITA-ITM-AVL ; 2022:30
Keywords
Mobility as a Service, system-level, perspective, framework, experiments
National Category
Transport Systems and Logistics
Research subject
Machine Design
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-319495 (URN)978-91-8040-371-9 (ISBN)
Public defence
2022-10-27, Zoom: https://kth-se.zoom.us/j/68091873830, F3, Lindstedsvägen 26, Stockholm, 10:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Available from: 2022-10-06 Created: 2022-09-29 Last updated: 2023-02-28Bibliographically approved

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Vaddadi, BhavanaKramers, Anna HHöjer, Mattias

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