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Data-Driven Islanding Detection Using a Principal Subspace of Voltage Angle Differences
KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Electrical Engineering, Electric Power and Energy Systems.ORCID iD: 0000-0003-4736-4760
KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Electrical Engineering, Electric Power and Energy Systems.ORCID iD: 0000-0003-3014-5609
2021 (English)In: IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, ISSN 1949-3053, E-ISSN 1949-3061, Vol. 12, no 5, p. 4250-4258Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

The likelihood of an unintentional power system islanding is increased in systems with significant penetration of distributed generation. To mitigate the adverse effects of islanding, a quick and reliable islanding detection method is needed. This paper first analyzes covariance matrices of a linearized power system model, and relates them to the principal component analysis of experimentally obtained covariance matrices. Additionally, a new model-independent islanding detection method is proposed that uses measurements of voltage angle differences between multiple locations in the system. The angle differences are first preprocessed to remove the effects of nonstationarity. Thereafter, a probabilistic model of principal component analysis is trained using the acquired measurements. The principal and residual spaces extracted from the measurements are used to discriminate between islanding and other events in the system. The applicability of the proposed method is demonstrated by using real measurements gathered from several locations in a transmission grid.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) , 2021. Vol. 12, no 5, p. 4250-4258
Keywords [en]
Principal component analysis, Covariance matrices, Frequency measurement, Phasor measurement units, Power systems, Power measurement, Islanding, Bayes methods, phase angle differences, wide area monitoring
National Category
Other Electrical Engineering, Electronic Engineering, Information Engineering
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-300828DOI: 10.1109/TSG.2021.3069287ISI: 000686785700052Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85103783248OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-300828DiVA, id: diva2:1598683
Note

QC 20210929

Available from: 2021-09-29 Created: 2021-09-29 Last updated: 2022-06-25Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. System-Wide Impacts of Distributed Generation on Power System Operation: Data-Driven Approaches to Addressing the Challenges of Integrating Distributed Generation
Open this publication in new window or tab >>System-Wide Impacts of Distributed Generation on Power System Operation: Data-Driven Approaches to Addressing the Challenges of Integrating Distributed Generation
2022 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Deployment of distributed generation (DG) is happening at an increasing rate driven by both the need for the reduction of humanity's carbon footprint and economic opportunities. The trend of increasing penetration levels of DG has also introduced interdependence between the responsibilities of system operators and the owners of the generating units. To fully accommodate distributed generation in the system, these interdependencies and the accompanying operational challenges need to be addressed. At the same time, the development of information and communication technologies within power systems has enabled access to immense information collected from the grids, such as the wide-area synchrophasor measurements. To utilize the increasing amounts of collected information and address the challenges of DG integration, novel applications can be developed by using data-driven methodologies.  This thesis aims to investigate if such data-driven approaches are sufficiently reliable, timely and accurate to address the DG integration challenges appearing across the responsibility areas. 

To explore the capabilities of data-driven approaches, two impacts of DG were studied in this thesis. First, different types of islanding detection methods were proposed. The data-driven methods for computing sensitivity parameters as seen from a distribution-level generator were developed and integrated within a proposed local islanding detection method. It was shown that such estimation methods enable a reliable and timely islanding detection by the use of field measurements. Next, synchrophasor-based remote islanding detection methods were developed as a tool for the situational awareness of system operators. It was shown that the dimensionality of the voltage angle measurements can be utilized to distinguish between islanding and other types of events using a data-driven approach. 

The other impact of DG that was addressed is the modelling of distribution networks in dynamic studies of a transmission network. A large number of existing approaches to dynamic modelling were identified pointing to the need for a model structure selection procedure. Thus, a data-driven modelling approach that selects an optimal model structure and evaluates the uncertainty of the models' outputs was proposed. The models' uncertainty was then used to select only informative events for parameter identification and to thereby reduce its computational burden. The performance of the method was demonstrated by using it to derive an optimal equivalent model of a modified CIGRE network.

Through the aforementioned contributions, the thesis shows that the increasing observability of the systems enables data-driven methodologies to address the challenges of DG integration. 

Abstract [sv]

Utbyggnaden av distribuerad generering (DG) sker i en ökande takt, drivet av behovet av att minska mänsklighetens koldioxidavtryck och av ekonomiska möjligheter. Trenden med ökande penetrationsnivåer av DG har också infört ett ömsesidigt beroende mellan aktörerna i elsystsmet, inkluderande både producenter och nätägare. För att fullt ut kunna hantera DG i elsystemet måste dessa ömsesidiga beroenden och de åtföljande operativa utmaningarna åtgärdas. Parallellt med detta har utvecklingen av informations- och kommunikationsteknologier möjliggjort tillgång till enorma mängder data som samlats in från näten exempelvis synkroniserade fasvinkelmätningar. För att utnyttja de ökande mängderna insamlad information och möta utmaningarna med DG-integrationen, kan eventuellt nya applikationer utvecklas med hjälp av datadriven metodik. Denna avhandling syftar till att undersöka om de datadrivna tillvägagångssätten är tillräckligt tillförlitliga, snabba och precisa för att ta itu med de utmaningar som uppkommer på grund av DG-integrationen.

För att utforska fördelarna med datadrivna tillvägagångssätt studeras i denna avhandling två effekter av DG. Först presenterades olika typer av metoder för ödriftsdetektering. Datadrivna metoder för att beräkna känslighetsparametern för en generator på distributionsnivå utvecklades och integrerades i en lokal detekteringsmetod för ödrift. Det visades att sådana uppskattningsmetoder möjliggör en tillräcklig tillförlitlig och snabb detektering av ödrift genom användning av fältmätningar. Därefter utvecklades synkroniserad fasvinkel-baserade metoder för fjärrdetektering av ödrift som ett verktyg för systemoperatörerna. Resultaten visar att dimensionaliteten hos spänningsvinkelmätningarna kan användas för att skilja mellan ödrift och andra typer av händelser även då data-drivna metoder används. 

Den andra effekten av DG som togs upp är modelleringen av distributionsnät för dynamiska studier av transmissionsnät. Ett stort antal befintliga tillvägagångssätt för dynamisk modellering identifierades som pekade på behovet av en automatiserad metod för val av modellstruktur. Således föreslogs en modelleringsmetod som väljer den optimala modellstrukturen och utvärderar osäkerheten i modellernas resultat. Modellernas osäkerhet användes sedan för att endast välja informativa händelser för parameteridentifiering och därmed minska dess beräkningsbörda. Prestandan för den datadrivna metoden demonstrerades genom att härleda en optimal ekvivalent modell av ett modifierat CIGRE-nätverk.

Genom de tidigare nämnda bidragen visas det i avhandlingen att systemens ökande observerbarhet tillsammans med den datadrivna metodiken kan användas för att ta fram applikationer som kan möta utmaningarna med DG-integration.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 2022. p. 87
Series
TRITA-EECS-AVL ; 2022:6
Keywords
data-driven modelling, distributed generation, dynamic equivalencing, islanding detection, reduced order modelling, datadriven modellering, detektion av ödrift, distribuerad generation, dynamisk modellering, reducerad ordningsmodellering
National Category
Electrical Engineering, Electronic Engineering, Information Engineering
Research subject
Electrical Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-307110 (URN)978-91-8040-122-7 (ISBN)
Public defence
2022-02-11, https://kth-se.zoom.us/j/62736724589, Sten Velander, Teknikringen 33, Stockholm, 10:00 (English)
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Note

QC 20220117

Available from: 2022-01-17 Created: 2022-01-11 Last updated: 2022-06-25Bibliographically approved

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Rabuzin, TinNordström, Lars

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