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Multimodal Capture of Patient Behaviour for Improved Detection of Early Dementia: Clinical Feasibility and Preliminary Results
KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Intelligent systems, Speech, Music and Hearing, TMH.ORCID iD: 0000-0003-3687-6189
KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Intelligent systems, Speech, Music and Hearing, TMH.
Karolinska Inst, Dept Neurobiol Care Sci & Soc, Stockholm, Sweden.;Karolinska Univ Hosp, Stockholm, Sweden..
KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Intelligent systems, Speech, Music and Hearing, TMH.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-1643-1054
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2021 (English)In: Frontiers in Computer Science, E-ISSN 2624-9898, Vol. 3, article id 642633Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Non-invasive automatic screening for Alzheimer's disease has the potential to improve diagnostic accuracy while lowering healthcare costs. Previous research has shown that patterns in speech, language, gaze, and drawing can help detect early signs of cognitive decline. In this paper, we describe a highly multimodal system for unobtrusively capturing data during real clinical interviews conducted as part of cognitive assessments for Alzheimer's disease. The system uses nine different sensor devices (smartphones, a tablet, an eye tracker, a microphone array, and a wristband) to record interaction data during a specialist's first clinical interview with a patient, and is currently in use at Karolinska University Hospital in Stockholm, Sweden. Furthermore, complementary information in the form of brain imaging, psychological tests, speech therapist assessment, and clinical meta-data is also available for each patient. We detail our data-collection and analysis procedure and present preliminary findings that relate measures extracted from the multimodal recordings to clinical assessments and established biomarkers, based on data from 25 patients gathered thus far. Our findings demonstrate feasibility for our proposed methodology and indicate that the collected data can be used to improve clinical assessments of early dementia.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Frontiers Media SA , 2021. Vol. 3, article id 642633
Keywords [en]
Alzheimer, mild cognitive impairment, multimodal prediction, speech, gaze, pupil dilation, thermal camera, pen motion
National Category
Natural Language Processing
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-303883DOI: 10.3389/fcomp.2021.642633ISI: 000705498300001Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85115692731OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-303883DiVA, id: diva2:1605160
Note

QC 20211022

Available from: 2021-10-22 Created: 2021-10-22 Last updated: 2025-02-07Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Scalable Methods for Developing Interlocutor-aware Embodied Conversational Agents: Data Collection, Behavior Modeling, and Evaluation Methods
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Scalable Methods for Developing Interlocutor-aware Embodied Conversational Agents: Data Collection, Behavior Modeling, and Evaluation Methods
2022 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

This work presents several methods, tools, and experiments that contribute to the development of interlocutor-aware Embodied Conversational Agents (ECAs). Interlocutor-aware ECAs take the interlocutor's behavior into consideration when generating their own non-verbal behaviors. This thesis targets the development of such adaptive ECAs by identifying and contributing to three important and related topics:

1) Data collection methods are presented, both for large scale crowdsourced data collection and in-lab data collection with a large number of sensors in a clinical setting. Experiments show that experts deemed dialog data collected using a crowdsourcing method to be better for dialog generation purposes than dialog data from other commonly used sources. 2) Methods for behavior modeling are presented, where machine learning models are used to generate facial gestures for ECAs. Both methods for single speaker and interlocutor-aware generation are presented. 3) Evaluation methods are explored and both third-party evaluation of generated gestures and interaction experiments of interlocutor-aware gestures generation are being discussed. For example, an experiment is carried out investigating the social influence of a mimicking social robot. Furthermore, a method for more efficient perceptual experiments is presented. This method is validated by replicating a previously conducted perceptual experiment on virtual agents, and shows that the results obtained using this new method provide similar insights (in fact, it provided more insights) into the data, simultaneously being more efficient in terms of time evaluators needed to spend participating in the experiment. A second study compared the difference between performing subjective evaluations of generated gestures in the lab vs. using crowdsourcing, and showed no difference between the two settings. A special focus in this thesis is given to using scalable methods, which allows for being able to efficiently and rapidly collect interaction data from a broad range of people and efficiently evaluate results produced by the machine learning methods. This in turn allows for fast iteration when developing interlocutor-aware ECAs behaviors.

Abstract [sv]

Det här arbetet presenterar ett flertal metoder, verktyg och experiment som alla bidrar till utvecklingen av motparts-medvetna förkloppsligade konversationella agenter, dvs agenter som kommunicerar med språk, har en kroppslig representation (avatar eller robot) och tar motpartens beteenden i beaktande när de genererar sina egna icke-verbala beteenden. Den här avhandlingen ämnar till att bidra till utvecklingen av sådana agenter genom att identifiera och bidra till tre viktiga områden:

Datainstamlingsmetoder  både för storskalig datainsamling med hjälp av så kallade "crowdworkers" (en stor mängd personer på internet som används för att lösa ett problem) men även i laboratoriemiljö med ett stort antal sensorer. Experiment presenteras som visar att t.ex. dialogdata som samlats in med hjälp av crowdworkers är bedömda som bättre ur dialoggenereringspersiktiv av en grupp experter än andra vanligt använda datamängder som används inom dialoggenerering. 2) Metoder för beteendemodellering, där maskininlärningsmodeller används för att generera ansiktsgester. Såväl metoder för att generera ansiktsgester för en ensam agent och för motparts-medvetna agenter presenteras, tillsammans med experiment som validerar deras funktionalitet. Vidare presenteras även ett experiment som undersöker en agents sociala påverkan på sin motpart då den imiterar ansiktsgester hos motparten medan de samtalar. 3) Evalueringsmetoder är utforskade och en metod för mer effektiva perceptuella experiment presenteras. Metoden är utvärderad genom att återskapa ett tidigare genomfört experiment med virtuella agenter, och visar att resultaten som fås med denna nya metod ger liknande insikter (den ger faktiskt fler insikter), samtidigt som den är effektivare när det kommer till hur mycket tid utvärderarna behövde spendera. En andra studie studerar skillnaden mellan att utföra subjektiva utvärderingar av genererade gester i en laboratoriemiljö jämfört med att använda crowdworkers, och visade att ingen skillnad kunde uppmätas. Ett speciellt fokus ligger på att använda skalbara metoder, då detta möjliggör effektiv och snabb insamling av mångfasetterad interaktionsdata från många olika människor samt evaluaring av de beteenden som genereras från maskininlärningsmodellerna, vilket i sin tur möjliggör snabb iterering i utvecklingen.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 2022. p. 77
Series
TRITA-EECS-AVL ; 2022:15
Keywords
non-verbal behavior generation, interlocutor-aware, data collection, behavior modeling, evaluation methods
National Category
Computer Systems
Research subject
Speech and Music Communication
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-309467 (URN)978-91-8040-151-7 (ISBN)
Public defence
2022-03-25, U1, https://kth-se.zoom.us/j/62813774919, Brinellvägen 26, Stockholm, 14:00 (English)
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Note

QC 20220307

Available from: 2022-03-07 Created: 2022-03-03 Last updated: 2022-06-25Bibliographically approved

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Jonell, PatrikMoell, BirgerHenter, Gustav EjeKucherenko, TarasMikheeva, OlgaKjellström, HedvigGustafson, JoakimBeskow, Jonas

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Jonell, PatrikMoell, BirgerHenter, Gustav EjeKucherenko, TarasMikheeva, OlgaKjellström, HedvigGustafson, JoakimBeskow, Jonas
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Speech, Music and Hearing, TMHRobotics, Perception and Learning, RPL
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