The main aim of the present study was to predict myocardial function improvement in cardiac MR (LGE-CMR) images in patients after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) using radiomics and machine learning algorithms. Altogether, 43 patients who had visible scars on short-axis LGE-CMR images and were candidates for CABG surgery were selected and enrolled in this study. MR imaging was performed preoperatively using a 1.5-T MRI scanner. All images were segmented by two expert radiologists (in consensus). Prior to extraction of radiomics features, all MR images were resampled to an isotropic voxel size of 1.8 × 1.8 × 1.8 mm3. Subsequently, intensities were quantized to 64 discretized gray levels and a total of 93 features were extracted. The applied algorithms included a smoothly clipped absolute deviation (SCAD)–penalized support vector machine (SVM) and the recursive partitioning (RP) algorithm as a robust classifier for binary classification in this high-dimensional and non-sparse data. All models were validated with repeated fivefold cross-validation and 10,000 bootstrapping resamples. Ten and seven features were selected with SCAD-penalized SVM and RP algorithm, respectively, for CABG responder/non-responder classification. Considering univariate analysis, the GLSZM gray-level non-uniformity-normalized feature achieved the best performance (AUC: 0.62, 95% CI: 0.53–0.76) with SCAD-penalized SVM. Regarding multivariable modeling, SCAD-penalized SVM obtained an AUC of 0.784 (95% CI: 0.64–0.92), whereas the RP algorithm achieved an AUC of 0.654 (95% CI: 0.50–0.82). In conclusion, different radiomics texture features alone or combined in multivariate analysis using machine learning algorithms provide prognostic information regarding myocardial function in patients after CABG.