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A biobased binder of carboxymethyl cellulose, citric acid, chitosan and wheat gluten for nonwoven and paper
OrganoClick AB, Linjalvägen 9, SE-187 66 Täby, Sweden, Linjalvägen 9.
Swedish NMR Center, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Fibre- and Polymer Technology, Polymeric Materials.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-4583-723x
OrganoClick AB, Linjalvägen 9, SE-187 66 Täby, Sweden, Linjalvägen 9.
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2024 (English)In: Carbohydrate Polymers, ISSN 0144-8617, E-ISSN 1879-1344, Vol. 323, article id 121430Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

The amount of disposable nonwovens used today for different purposes have an impact on the plastic waste streams which is built up from several single-use products. A particular problem comes from nonwoven products with “hidden” plastic (such as cellulose mixed with synthetic fibers and/or plastic binders) where the consumers cannot see or expect plastic. We have here developed a sustainable binder based on natural components; wheat gluten (WG) and a polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) made from chitosan, carboxymethyl cellulose and citric acid which can be used with cellulosic fibers, creating a fully biobased nonwoven product. The binder formed a stable dispersion that improved the mechanical properties of a model nonwoven. With WG added, both the dry and the wet strength of the impregnated nonwoven increased. In dry-state, PEC increased the tensile index with >30 % (from 22.5 to 30 Nm/g), and with WG, with 60 % (to 36 Nm/g). The corresponding increase in the wet strength was 250 % (from 8 to 28 Nm/g) and 300 % (to 32 Nm/g). The increased strength was explained as an enrichment of covalent bonds (ester and amide bonds) established during curing at 170 °C, confirmed by DNP NMR and infrared spectroscopy.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier BV , 2024. Vol. 323, article id 121430
Keywords [en]
Biobased binder, Carbohydrates, FTIR, Gluten, Nonwoven, Polyelectrolyte complex
National Category
Polymer Technologies Textile, Rubber and Polymeric Materials
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-338406DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121430ISI: 001100096200001Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85172206337OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-338406DiVA, id: diva2:1806697
Note

QC 20231023

Available from: 2023-10-23 Created: 2023-10-23 Last updated: 2024-02-01Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Biobased and biodegradable binders for paper and nonwoven
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Biobased and biodegradable binders for paper and nonwoven
2023 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Nonwovens are textile-like materials with similarities close to paper. One significant sector where nonwovens are used is for single-use products such as wet wipes and hygiene products. With an increasing global population, the manufacturing and use of nonwovens have grown significantly. With a higher standard of living worldwide, the demand for nonwoven products is expected to continue its growth in the foreseeable future. Several nonwoven materials are composed of cellulosic fibers and binder.This can be referred to as chemically bonded nonwovens. The binders are typically fossil-based and non-degradable. In this thesis, it is demonstrated that a binder composed of two polyelectrolytes (carboxymethyl cellulose and chitosan) along with citric acid, can serve as an excellent replacement for synthetic binders. Since the polyelectrolytes have opposite charges, they combine to form a polyelectrolyte complex (PEC).The PEC binder can be used both in the wet-end of a papermaking process and for treating already formed webs. Mechanical tests showed that the dry tensile strength increased significantly compared to untreated materials, as did the important wet tensile strength. It was found from Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Dynamic Nuclear Polarization enhanced NMR that newly established ester bonds and amide bonds, along with electrostatic interactions, were the key factors for the enhanced mechanical properties. PEC combined with sunflower oil resulted in fine emulsions that provided higher dry and wet tensile strength. Hydrophobicity in terms of high contact angles (>125°) for treated materials were also attained. Furthermore, combining PEC with two vegetable protein sources, pea protein and wheat gluten, demonstrated how the scope for PEC binders can be broadened. Together with the proteins, cellulosic materials acquired properties such as hydrophobicity and high tensile strength.

Abstract [sv]

Nonwoven är textilliknande material som har likheter med papper. En betydande sektor där nonwovenmaterial används är för engångsprodukter som våtservetter och hygienprodukter. Med en ökande global befolkning har tillverkningen och användningen av nonwoven ökat betydligt. Med den högre levnadsstandarden globalt uppskattas efterfrågan på nonwovenprodukter att fortsätta växa under överskådlig framtid. Flera nonwovenmaterial består av cellulosafibrer och bindemedel. Detta segment kallas kemiskt bunden nonwoven. För närvarande användskommersiellt tillgängliga bindemedel som är baserade på fossila och ickenedbrytbara råvaror. I denna studie visas att ett bindemedel bestående av tvåpolyelektrolyter (karboximetylcellulosa och kitosan) tillsammans med citronsyra, kan fungera som en ersättning för syntetiska bindemedel. Eftersom polyelektrolyterna har motsatta laddningar kombineras de för att bilda ett polyelektrolytkomplex (PEC).PEC-bindemedlet kan användas både i den våta delen av en papperstillverkningsprocess och för att behandla redan formade ark. Med dragprovning konstaterades det att den torra dragstyrkan ökade markant jämfört med obehandlat material, liksom den viktiga våta dragstyrkan. Denna avhandling syftade till att studera och analysera de viktigaste mekanismerna bakom detta beteende och det visade sig från fouriertransform infrarödspektroskopi och NMR förstärkt med dynamisk kärnpolarisering att nyligen etablerade esterbindningar och amidbindningar, tillsammans med elektrostatiska interaktioner, var de avgörande faktorerna. PEC kombinerat med solrosolja, resulterade i en fin emulsion som gav både högre torr och våt dragstyrka. Hydrofobicitet i form av höga kontaktvinklar (> 125°) för behandlat material uppmättes också. Dessutom visade kombinationen av PEC med två vegetabiliska proteinkällor, ärtprotein och vetegluten, hur konceptet med PEC-bindemedel kan utökas ytterligare. Tillsammans med proteinerna fick cellulosamaterialen egenskaper som hydrofobicitet och styrka.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Stockholm: KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 2023. p. 88
Series
TRITA-CBH-FOU ; 2023:45
Keywords
Polyelectrolyte complex, binder, chitosan, carboxymethyl cellulose, citric acid, nonwoven, tensile strength, hydrophobicity, Polyelektrolytkomplex, bindemedel, kitosan, karboximetylcellulosa, citronsyra, nonwoven, dragstyrka, hydrofobicitet
National Category
Polymer Technologies Polymer Chemistry
Research subject
Fibre and Polymer Science
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-339347 (URN)978-91-8040-707-6 (ISBN)
Public defence
2023-12-14, F3, Lindstedtsvägen 26, https://kth-se.zoom.us/j/63240788852, Stockholm, 10:00
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Note

QC 20231110

Available from: 2023-11-10 Created: 2023-11-09 Last updated: 2024-02-01Bibliographically approved

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Wennman, MariaSvagan, Anna JustinaHedenqvist, Mikael S.

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