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Improving the Performance of Backward Chained Behavior Trees that use Reinforcement Learning
KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Intelligent systems, Robotics, Perception and Learning, RPL.ORCID iD: 0000-0001-8264-611X
KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Intelligent systems, Robotics, Perception and Learning, RPL.
KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Mathematics (Dept.), Optimization and Systems Theory. KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Intelligent systems, Robotics, Perception and Learning, RPL.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-7714-928X
2023 (English)In: 2023 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems, IROS 2023, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) , 2023, p. 1572-1579Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

In this paper we show how to improve the performance of backward chained behavior trees (BTs) that include policies trained with reinforcement learning (RL). BTs represent a hierarchical and modular way of combining control policies into higher level control policies. Backward chaining is a design principle for the construction of BTs that combines reactivity with goal directed actions in a structured way. The backward chained structure has also enabled convergence proofs for BTs, identifying a set of local conditions to be satisfied for the convergence of all trajectories to a set of desired goal states. The key idea of this paper is to improve performance of backward chained BTs by using the conditions identified in a theoretical convergence proof to configure the RL problems for individual controllers. Specifically, previous analysis identified so-called active constraint conditions (ACCs), that should not be violated in order to avoid having to return to work on previously achieved subgoals. We propose a way to set up the RL problems, such that they do not only achieve each immediate subgoal, but also avoid violating the identified ACCs. The resulting performance improvement depends on how often ACC violations occurred before the change, and how much effort, in terms of execution time, was needed to re-achieve them. The proposed approach is illustrated in a dynamic simulation environment.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) , 2023. p. 1572-1579
Keywords [en]
Artificial Intelligence, Autonomous systems, Behavior trees, Reinforcement learning
National Category
Robotics and automation Computer Sciences
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-342643DOI: 10.1109/IROS55552.2023.10342319ISI: 001133658801027Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85182524602OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-342643DiVA, id: diva2:1831237
Conference
2023 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems, IROS 2023, Detroit, United States of America, Oct 1 2023 - Oct 5 2023
Note

Part of ISBN 978-1-6654-9190-7

QC 20240130

Available from: 2024-01-25 Created: 2024-01-25 Last updated: 2025-02-05Bibliographically approved

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Kartasev, MartSalér, JustinÖgren, Petter

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