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Uncovering GNSS Interference with Aerial Mapping UAV
KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Computer Science, Software and Computer systems, SCS. (Networked Systems Security Group)ORCID iD: 0000-0001-8919-0098
Wingtra AG, Zürich, Switzerland.
Wingtra AG, Zürich, Switzerland.
KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Computer Science, Software and Computer systems, SCS. (Networked Systems Security Group)ORCID iD: 0000-0002-3267-5374
2024 (English)In: Uncovering GNSS Interference with Aerial Mapping UAV, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) , 2024Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receivers provide ubiquitous and precise position, navigation, and time (PNT) to a wide gamut of civilian and tactical infrastructures and devices. Due to the low GNSS received signal power, even low-power radiofrequency interference (RFI) sources are a serious threat to the GNSS integrity and availability. Nonetheless, RFI source localization is paramount yet hard, especially over large areas. Methods based on multi-rotor unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) exist but are often limited by hovering time, and require specific antenna and detectors. In comparison, fixed-wing planes allow longer missions but are more complex to operate and deploy. A vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) UAV combines the positive aspects of both platforms: high maneuverability, and long mission time and, jointly with highly integrated control systems, simple operation and deployment. Building upon the flexibility allowed by such a platform, we propose a method that combines advanced flight dynamics with high-performance consumer receivers to detect interference over large areas, with minimal interaction with the operator. The proposed system can detect multiple interference sources and map their area of influence, gaining situational awareness of poor GNSS quality or denied environments. Furthermore, it can estimate the relative heading and position of the interference source within tens of meters. The proposed method is validated with real-life measurements, successfully mapping two interference-affected areas and exposing radio equipment causing involuntary in-band interference.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) , 2024.
National Category
Telecommunications Signal Processing
Research subject
Aerospace Engineering
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-346348DOI: 10.1109/AERO58975.2024.10521434ISI: 001229648405021Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85193856727OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-346348DiVA, id: diva2:1857387
Conference
IEEE Aerospace Conference (AeroConf), Yellowstone Conference Center in Big Sky, Montana March 2-9, 2024
Funder
Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research, RIT17-0005
Note

Part of ISBN 979-8-3503-0462-6

QC 20240515

Available from: 2024-05-13 Created: 2024-05-13 Last updated: 2025-03-17Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Data verification for GNSS systems and protection of GNSS services
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Data verification for GNSS systems and protection of GNSS services
2025 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

 Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) provide ubiquitous precise localization and synchronization for a wide gamut of applications, spanning from location-based service to core industrial functionalities in communications and large infrastructure. Civilian use of GNSS relies on publicly available signals and infrastructure designed to operate at a high level of interoperability. Nevertheless, such systems proved to be vulnerable to voluntary and involuntary interference aiming to deny, modify, and falsify the GNSS-provided solution. This poses a significant threat to the robustness of satellite-based timing and localization. A decreasing entry threshold from the knowledge and tools accessibility perspective makes mounting such attacks feasible and effective even against low-value targets. In this work, this issue is targeted, with a practical approach, from three directions, by cross-checking the navigation solution with alternative providers of time, by localizing the interference source and characterizing it, and by relying on specific receiver dynamics to eliminate falsified signals. We discuss protection mechanisms targeting the consumer market based on available infrastructure or on sensing supported by sensors embedded in the GNSS-enabled platform itself. These efforts collectively aim to improve the robustness of consumer GNSS solutions, without modifying the GNSS receiver or the signal structure, to provide secure and reliable navigation and timing in an increasingly adversarial environment.

Abstract [sv]

Globala system för satellitnavigering (eng. global navigation satellite systems, GNSS) tillhandahåller allestädes närvarande precis platsbestämning och synkronisering för ett brett spann av tillämpningar, från platsbaserade tjänster till industriella kärnfunktioner i kommunikation och stora infrastrukturer. Civil användning av GNSS förlitar sig på allmänt tillgängliga signaler och infrastruktur som är designad att användas på en hög nivå av interoperabilitet. Dessa system har visat sig sårbara för störningar som söker att neka, modifiera och falsifiera GNSS-lösningar. Detta utgör ett allvarligt hot mot tillförlitligheten av satellitbaserad tids- och platsbestämning. En sänkning av tröskeln för tillgängligheten av kunskap och verktyg gör det möjligt och effektivt att inleda sådana attacker, även mot lågvärdesmål. I detta verk angrips problemet praktiskt via tre tillvägagångssätt: genom dubbelkontroll av navigationslösningen med alternativa internettidsleverantörer, genom lokalisering av störningskällan och karaktärisera den, och genom att förlita sig på specifik mottagardynamik för att eliminera falsifierade signaler. Vi diskuterar skyddsmekanismer ämnade för konsumentmarknaden baserat på tillgänglig infrastruktur eller m.h.a. mätningar från inbyggda sensorer i GNSS-plattformen i sig. Dessa ansträngningar söker att gemensamt förbättra tillförlitligheten hos konsument GNSS-lösningar, utan att modifiera GNSS-mottagaren eller signalstrukturen, för att erbjuda säker ochpålitlig navigation och tid i enalltmer fientlig miljö

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Stockholm, Sweden: KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 2025. p. xxvi, 62
Series
TRITA-EECS-AVL ; 2025:36
National Category
Other Electrical Engineering, Electronic Engineering, Information Engineering
Research subject
Information and Communication Technology
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-361272 (URN)978-91-8106-231-1 (ISBN)
Public defence
2025-04-15, https://kth-se.zoom.us/j/62121217840, Sal C, Kistagången 16, Stockholm, 14:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Note

QC 20250317

Available from: 2025-03-17 Created: 2025-03-17 Last updated: 2025-03-25Bibliographically approved

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