Unreinforced masonry structures, constituting a significant portion of the global building stock, hold substantial cultural and architectural value in many countries. Often home to a considerable population in developing nations, these structures have faced severe damage from recent large-scale earthquakes. Consequently, retrofitting these structures has emerged as a critical global concern demanding immediate attention. This thesis focuses on the pivotal investigation of how incorporating bed joint reinforcement and employing glass fiber composites influences the behavior of masonry walls under seismic loads. The research aims to contribute valuable insights to the ongoing discussion on enhancing the seismic resilience of these structures through innovative reinforcement techniques.In this study, a simplified 3D micro modeling approach has been developed to assess the behavior of masonry walls under earthquake conditions. This model comprehensively considers most of the crucial factors influencing wall behavior and is solved with general-purpose finite element software. To simulate the nonlinear behavior of concrete, the study utilizes the Concrete Damage Plasticity model provided by Abaqus. The traction–separation behavior of the cohesive element is incorporated to model the mortar joints. The 3D finite element model adopted in this study utilizes solid elements (C3D8R) to define the blocks.In summary, the evaluation of different reinforcement techniques for masonry walls reveals distinct outcomes. The implementation of bed joint reinforcement results in stress concentration primarily occurring at the bottom of the wall, leading to an undesirable failure mode. Similarly, using adhesive, the onset of plastic equivalent strains commences at the toe and stretches towards the opposite toe, yielding an unfavorable pattern. On the other hand, the employment of vertical fibers demonstrates effectiveness in uniformly dispersing the plastic equivalent strains throughout the wall. The addition of diagonal fibers, in conjunction with vertical fibers, leads to a significant decrease in plastic equivalent strains, efficiently diffusing them throughout the entire walls. Collectively, the integration of both vertical and diagonal fibers emerges as the most effective method for reinforcing masonry walls constructed with hollow concrete blocks. This holistic strategy not only reduces plastic strains but also ensures a uniformly distributed stress dissipation, thereby enhancing the overall stability and resilience of the wall.