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Geographic Analysis of Distance and Accessibility for Wheeled Vehicles
KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Urban Planning and Environment, Geoinformatics.ORCID iD: 0009-0001-0975-7312
2024 (English)Licentiate thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Sustainable development
SDG 11: Sustainable cities and communities
Abstract [en]

The rapid urbanization of global populations and the growing importance of sustainableurban development have made transportation systems central to addressing bothenvironmental and social challenges. This thesis explores two key aspects of geographicdistance in the context of sustainable urban mobility. The first study focuses on wheelchairaccessibility within urban environments by designing and implementing a spatial databaseusing Geographic Information Systems (GIS). This database integrates topographical andinfrastructural data, identifying areas with significant accessibility challenges for wheelchairusers compared to pedestrians. By querying the database, the study pinpoints specificmobility barriers and offers insights into potential improvements for creating more inclusiveurban spaces. The second study develops a computational model for accurately estimatingthe pedaling work required for cycling through undulating terrain. Integrating a work-speedrelationship with GIS, the model accounts for gravity, rolling resistance, air drag, and kineticenergy to simulate the physical laws affecting cyclists in varying conditions. This approachenhances the precision of pedaling work estimations, providing cyclists with better decisionmakingtools for route planning. The model was implemented as an executable programcompatible with existing GIS, and its accuracy was tested against data from an actualbicycling trip.The results of the first study reveal clusters of locations that are either completelyinaccessible or significantly less accessible for wheelchair users, referred to as "wheelchaircold spots." These spots are caused by both common barriers like steep slopes and unexpectedfactors such as aesthetic features (e.g., pebble pavements) and safety enhancements (e.g.,raised sidewalks). Simple spatial queries can help identify suitable locations for mobility aidslike ramps. The study highlights that accessibility varies for different groups, emphasizingthe need for more thorough needs analysis and spatial database design to promote inclusiveurban planning and healthier public spaces. Results of the second study demonstrated themodel's accuracy and utility, with the estimated pedaling work reasonably matching therecorded data. This suggests that the model has potential for integration as a valuable additionto GIS. Both studies underscore the potential of GIS as a powerful tool for analyzing urbanmobility, informing sustainable transportation policies, and promoting social equity in cities.

Abstract [sv]

Den snabba urbaniseringen av den globala befolkningen och den växande betydelsen av hållbar stadsutveckling har gjort transportsystemen centrala för att hantera både miljömässiga och sociala utmaningar. Denna avhandling utforskar två viktiga aspekter av geografiskt avstånd i samband med hållbar urban mobilitet. Den första studien fokuserar på rullstolsanpassning i stadsmiljöer genom att utforma och implementera en spatial databas med hjälp av geografiska informationssystem (GIS). Denna databas integrerar topografiska och infrastrukturella data och identifierar områden med betydande tillgänglighetsutmaningar för rullstolsanvändare jämfört med fotgängare. Genom att göra anrop till databasen kan studien identifiera specifika hinder för mobilitet och ge insikter om potentiella förbättringar för att skapa mer inkluderande stadsutrymmen. Den andra studien utvecklar en beräkningsmodell för att noggrant uppskatta trampningsarbetet som krävs för cykling genom kuperad terräng. Genom att integrera en arbete-hastighetsrelation med GIS tar modellen hänsyn till gravitation, rullmotstånd, luftmotstånd och kinetisk energi för att simulera de fysiska lagar som påverkar cyklister under varierande förhållanden. Detta tillvägagångssätt förbättrar precisionen i beräkningar av trampningsarbete och ger cyklister bättre beslutsunderlag för ruttplanering. Modellen implementerades som ett exekverbart program kompatibelt med befintliga GIS, och dess noggrannhet testades mot data från en faktisk cykeltur. Resultaten från den första studien avslöjar kluster av platser som antingen är helt otillgängliga eller avsevärt mindre tillgängliga för rullstolsanvändare, kallade "rullstolskalla platser." Dessa platser orsakas av både vanliga hinder som branta backar och oväntade faktorer som estetiska inslag (t.ex. kullerstensbeläggningar) och säkerhetsförbättringar (t.ex. upphöjda trottoarer). Enkla rumsliga anrop kan hjälpa till att identifiera lämpliga platser för mobilitetshjälpmedel som ramper. Studien framhäver att tillgänglighet varierar för olika grupper och betonar behovet av en grundligare behovsanalys och spatial databasutformning för att främja inkluderande stadsplanering och hälsosammare offentliga utrymmen. Resultaten från den andra studien visade modellens noggrannhet och användbarhet, där det uppskattade trampningsarbetet rimligen matchade den inmätta data. Detta tyder på att modellen har potential att integreras som ett värdefullt tillskott till GIS. Båda studierna understryker potentialen för GIS som ett kraftfullt verktyg för att analysera urban mobilitet, informera hållbara transportpolicys och främja social jämlikhet i städer.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Stockholm, Sweden: KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 2024. , p. 53
Series
TRITA-ABE-DLT ; 2429
Keywords [en]
Accessibility, Wheelchair, Spatial database, Bicycling, Distance, Pedaling Work, Physical laws, GIS
Keywords [sv]
Tillgänglighet, Rullstol, Spatial databaser, Cykling, Avstånd, Trampningsarbete, Fysikaliska lagar, GIS
National Category
Other Engineering and Technologies
Research subject
Geodesy and Geoinformatics, Geoinformatics
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-355506ISBN: 978-91-8106-106-2 (print)OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-355506DiVA, id: diva2:1909814
Presentation
2024-11-28, D37, Lindstedsvägen 9, KTH Campus, https://kth-se.zoom.us/j/69896838018, Stockholm, 13:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Available from: 2024-11-08 Created: 2024-11-01 Last updated: 2025-02-10Bibliographically approved
List of papers
1. Design and Implementation of a Spatial Database for Analysis of Wheelchair Accessibility
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Design and Implementation of a Spatial Database for Analysis of Wheelchair Accessibility
(English)Manuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Accessibility is an essential consideration in the planning and design of public spaces, and commonly referred to as ‘pedestrian accessibility’ when walking is the primary mode of transportation. Computational methods, frequently coupled with geographic information systems (GIS), are increasingly available for assessing pedestrian accessibility using digital cartographic data such as road networks and digital terrain models. However, they often implicitly assume a certain level of mobility that may not be achievable by people with mobility impairments—including wheelchair users. Therefore, it remains uncertain whether conventional pedestrian accessibility adequately approximates ‘wheelchair accessibility,’ and, if not, what computational resources are required to evaluate it more accurately. To address these questions, we design a spatial database aimed at customizing mobility networks according to mobility limitations, and implement it to evaluate and compare the accessibility of a university campus for individuals with and without wheelchairs under various assumptions. Results show that there are clusters of locations that are either completely inaccessible or substantially less accessible for wheelchair users, indicating the presence of ‘wheelchair cold spots.’ These spots arise not only from familiar obstacles such as steep slopes and steps but also from unforeseen consequences of aesthetic and safety enhancements such as pebble pavements and raised sidewalks. It is also found that a combination of simple spatial queries helps identify potential locations for mobility aids such as ramps. These findings suggest that pedestrian accessibility is not an invariant of a public space but experienced differently by different groups. Therefore, more comprehensive needs analysis and spatial database design are necessary to support inclusive planning and design of healthier public spaces.

Keywords
Accessibility, Wheelchair, Spatial database, GIS
National Category
Other Engineering and Technologies
Research subject
Geodesy and Geoinformatics
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-355995 (URN)
Funder
Swedish Research Council Formas, 2021-01867
Note

QC 20241107

Available from: 2024-11-07 Created: 2024-11-07 Last updated: 2025-02-10Bibliographically approved
2. Integration of Physical laws with GIS for Estimating Pedaling Work from Digital Cartographic Data
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Integration of Physical laws with GIS for Estimating Pedaling Work from Digital Cartographic Data
(English)Manuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Distance measurement is a fundamental function of geographic information systems (GIS). In geometric contexts, distance refers to the straight-line length between two locations; in geographic contexts, however, it may represent quantities accumulated as one moves from one location to another. Mechanical work is one such quantity, determined by physical processes occurring across geographic space. This study aims to develop a mathematical model, populated with digital cartographic data, to estimate the mechanical work required for a wheeled vehicle, such as a bicycle, to traverse a specified path. The model explicitly accounts for the effects of gravity, rolling resistance, air drag, and the transformation between different forms of energy and work. It was implemented as an executable program compatible with existing GISs, and its accuracy was tested against data from an actual bicycling trip. Results demonstrated the model's accuracy and utility, with the estimated pedaling work reasonably matching the recorded data. This suggests that the model has potential for integration as a valuable addition to GIS.

Keywords
Bicycling, Distance, Work, Physical laws, GIS
National Category
Other Engineering and Technologies Natural Sciences Physical Geography
Research subject
Geodesy and Geoinformatics
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-356002 (URN)
Note

QC 20241107

Available from: 2024-11-07 Created: 2024-11-07 Last updated: 2025-02-10Bibliographically approved

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