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Share the Unseen: Sequential Reasoning About Occlusions Using Vehicle-to-Everything Technology
KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Intelligent systems, Robotics, Perception and Learning, RPL. Digital Futures, Stockholm, Sweden, Scania CV AB, Södertälje, Sweden.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-2069-6581
KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Engineering Design, Mechatronics and Embedded Control Systems. Digital Futures, Stockholm, Sweden.ORCID iD: 0000-0001-9982-578X
KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Intelligent systems, Decision and Control Systems (Automatic Control). Digital Futures, Stockholm, Sweden, Scania CV AB, Södertälje, Sweden.ORCID iD: 0000-0001-6030-2869
Scania CV AB, Södertälje, Sweden.ORCID iD: 0009-0000-7050-160X
Show others and affiliations
2024 (English)In: IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology, ISSN 1063-6536, E-ISSN 1558-0865, p. 1-14Article in journal (Refereed) Epub ahead of print
Abstract [en]

Vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication holds significant promise for augmenting autonomous driving capabilities. Particularly in dense traffic with occluded areas, V2X can be used to share information about the respective observed areas between traffic participants. In turn, reducing uncertainty about unseen areas can lead to less conservative behaviors while maintaining collision avoidance.This paper aims to leverage V2X to improve situation awareness for trajectory planning. We particularly address two challenges: First, the ego vehicle may not always receive up-to-date information. Second, some areas may remain occluded despite receiving information from other participants.In this work, we fuse the received information about the detected free space. We use reachability analysis to compute areas that are guaranteed to be free despite being occluded. This way, we can maintain collision-avoidance guarantees. We demonstrate the benefits of our proposed method both in simulations and physical experiments.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) , 2024. p. 1-14
National Category
Computer Sciences
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-359348DOI: 10.1109/tcst.2024.3499832ISI: 001367629700001Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85210927559OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-359348DiVA, id: diva2:1932900
Funder
Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation
Note

QC 20250203

Available from: 2025-01-30 Created: 2025-01-30 Last updated: 2025-04-14Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Mind the Unknown: Risk- and Occlusion-Aware Motion Planning for Autonomous Vehicles
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Mind the Unknown: Risk- and Occlusion-Aware Motion Planning for Autonomous Vehicles
2025 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Autonomous vehicles (AVs) must navigate uncertain environments while ensuring safety, particularly in scenarios involving risk and occlusions. This thesis develops structured approaches to risk- and occlusion-aware motion planning, integrating theoretical advancements with real-world validation.

To address risk in motion planning, we introduce a framework that quantifies both the probability and severity of safety violations, enabling AVs to reason about risk while maintaining operational efficiency. Complementing this, we investigate pedestrian-aware motion planning in urban environments, incorporating a harm-based risk model to balance safety and progress in interactions with vulnerable road users.

Occlusions pose a major challenge by limiting direct visibility of critical road users. We develop a method for tracking and reasoning about hidden obstacles using reachability analysis and formal logics. By incorporating prior observations, our approach systematically refines possible states of occluded agents, reducing unnecessary conservatism. For high-speed driving, we refine velocity bounds on occluded traffic participants, preventing worst-case assumptions that could lead to excessive braking. Additionally, we explore vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication to enhance situational awareness, enabling AVs to infer and share information about occluded regions in real time.

Finally, we propose an occlusion-aware planning framework that integrates tree-based motion planning with reachability-based occlusion tracking. This enables AVs to proactively reason about future observations—or their absence—ensuring robust decision-making under limited sensing. By reducing overly conservative constraints while maintaining safety guarantees, our approach addresses key issues in occlusion-aware motion planning.

Together, these contributions advance the ability of AVs to operate safely and efficiently in demanding environments, supporting scalable real-world deployment.

Abstract [sv]

Autonoma fordon måste fatta säkra beslut trots osäkerheter i trafiken, särskilt i riskfyllda situationer och när sikten är begränsad. Denna avhandling presenterar metoder för att planera ett fordons rörelser på ett sätt som tar hänsyn till både risker och skymda hinder. Här kombineras teoretiska resultat med praktisk validering i realistiska trafikförhållanden.

För att hantera riskerna i planeringen introducerar vi ett ramverk som systematiskt bedömer både sannolikheten och konsekvenserna av potentiella säkerhetsproblem. Detta möjliggör en mer nyanserad plan som tar hänsyn till säkerheten utan att begränsa fordonet i onödan. Vi studerar särskilt planering i stadstrafik och utvecklar en riskmodell som väger säkerhet mot effektiv framkomlighet vid möten med exempelvis fot\-gängare och cyklister.

Skymd sikt utgör en utmaning för autonoma fordon. För att bemöta detta utvecklar vi en metod baserad på räckviddsanalys och logisk slutledning, som kan resonera kring möjliga dolda trafikanter. Genom att använda tidigare observationer kan metoden utesluta omöjliga scenarier och därmed undvika överdrivet defensiva beslut. För motorvägskörning inför vi även antaganden om trafikanters möjliga accelerationer, vilket ytterligare minskar behovet av onödiga inbromsningar. Dessutom undersöker vi hur fordonskommunikation (V2X) kan användas för att dela information om skymda områden och därmed förbättra fordonens beslutsunderlag.

Slutligen föreslår vi ett planeringsramverk där en trädstruktur av möjliga rörelser kombineras med räckviddsanalys för att hantera skymd sikt. Detta tillåter att proaktivt resonera kring framtida observationer och deras möjliga frånvaro. På så sätt kan fordonen fatta säkra och effektiva beslut även när sikten är begränsad. Vår metod adresserar därmed viktiga utmaningar inom området och bidrar till att minska onödiga säkerhetsmarginaler utan att kompromissa med säkerheten. Tillsammans stärker dessa resultat autonoma fordons förmåga att navigera säkert och effektivt i komplexa trafikmiljöer. Detta öppnar för bredare användning i verkliga trafiksystem.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 2025. p. 58
Series
TRITA-EECS-AVL ; 2025-42
National Category
Robotics and automation
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-362364 (URN)978-91-8106-247-2 (ISBN)
Public defence
2025-05-09, Kollegiesalen,Brinellvägen 6, https://kth-se.zoom.us/j/62547376681, Stockholm, 09:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Funder
Wallenberg AI, Autonomous Systems and Software Program (WASP)
Note

QC 20250415

Available from: 2025-04-15 Created: 2025-04-14 Last updated: 2025-04-28Bibliographically approved

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Nyberg, TrulsGaspar Sánchez, José ManuelNarri, VandanaMårtensson, JonasJohansson, Karl H.Törngren, MartinTumova, Jana

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