kth.sePublications
Change search
CiteExportLink to record
Permanent link

Direct link
Cite
Citation style
  • apa
  • ieee
  • modern-language-association-8th-edition
  • vancouver
  • Other style
More styles
Language
  • de-DE
  • en-GB
  • en-US
  • fi-FI
  • nn-NO
  • nn-NB
  • sv-SE
  • Other locale
More languages
Output format
  • html
  • text
  • asciidoc
  • rtf
Fluorescence-based fluctuation techniques for molecular, cellular and tissue studies
KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Bio-Opto-Nano Physics.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-2922-1566
2025 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Various approaches are used in fluorescence-based biological research to enhance the signal-to-background ratio (SBR). One general approach is to move to NIR wavelengths for excitation, where the background from cellular autofluorescence (AF) is minimal. The use of NIR fluorophores offers several additional advantages, including higher penetration depth and lower phototoxicity from lower photon energy. However, the low sensitivity of standard detectors in the NIR range is a major factor hindering the widespread use of NIR fluorophores. The low quantum yield and shorter lifetime of NIR fluorophores further exacerbate this challenge. Some detectors, like superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs), are designed for improved operation in the NIR range. However, they are associated with significant costs. In Paper II, a dual-channel detection possibility with a single SNSPD was demonstrated to further add to their potential. Lock-in amplification is another commonly used method for enhancing the SBR. However, lock-in detection also amplifies any unintended laser light from scattering or reflection since it is modulated at the same reference frequency. Contributions from scattered laser light can introduce a significant background in tissue imaging where emission filters often cannot easily suppress this background. In Paper III, the nonlinear properties of lanthanide-doped upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) were exploited as frequency mixers to generate new frequency components, which could then be filtered out by a Fast Fourier Transform of the emission signal. Moreover, additional low-frequency beating signals could be generated by modulated excitation with more than one base modulation frequency. These results open for background-free imaging based on UCNPs and using low-speed detectors, including cameras. Although the two aforementioned studies focused on the advantages of excitation and detection within the NIR spectral range, thereby aiming to remove AF, the benefits of label-free studies based on AF itself should not be overlooked. The amino acid tyrosine is one of the abundant but dim sources of AF in the human body. Its emission can also contain valuable information about the local environment, particularly via its blinking properties reflecting its photophysical state transitions. This information has remained inaccessible by use of established methods such as fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS). FCS analyses fluorescence intensity fluctuations from brightly fluorescent molecules in low concentrations and requires single-molecule detection (SMD) conditions, making FCS studies of dim tyrosine-containing molecules extremely difficult. Instead, the transient state (TRAST) monitoring technique can be used, allowing the exploration of their photophysics and extraction of related environmental information. TRAST, not requiring SMD conditions, provides the flexibility to be applied to dim samples where low fluorescence intensity signals can be compensated by increasing their concentration. In Paper I, TRAST measurements on tyrosine were demonstrated and applied to follow the conformational state of the tyrosine-containing protein Calmodulin. Exploiting AF is particularly valuable because it offers a label-free option, avoiding perturbations that may follow from fluorophore labeling. Yet, labeling with external fluorophores can also add further information to fluctuation-based methods, such as TRAST and FCS. In Paper IV, studying the co-enzyme Q10 on fluorescein-labeled unilamellar vesicles allowed direct observation of proton exchange kinetics and of proton collecting antenna (PCA) effects of Q10 in the vesicle membrane. In this case, although Q10 is itself dimly AF, PCA effects were better observed through changes in protonation relaxation of the pH-sensitive fluorescein fluorophore label upon variation of the Q10 concentrations in the vesicle membranes.

Abstract [sv]

Inom fluorescensbaserad biologisk forskning används olika metoder för att förbättra signal/bakgrundsförhållandet (SBR). Ett allmänt tillvägagångssätt är att övergå till NIR-våglängder för excitation, där bakgrunden från cellulär autofluorescens (AF) är minimal. Användningen av NIR-fluoroforer ger flera ytterligare fördelar, bland annat högre penetrationsdjup och lägre fototoxicitet på grund av lägre fotonenergier. Den låga känsligheten hos standarddetektorer i NIR-området är dock en viktig faktor som hindrar en utbredd användning av NIR-fluoroforer. Det låga kvantutbytet och den kortare livslängden hos NIR-fluoroforer innebär ytterligare utmaningar. Vissa detektorer, t.ex. supraledande, med nanotrådsbaserade enfotondetektorer (SNSPD), är konstruerade för att fungera bättre i NIR-området. De är dock förknippade med betydande kostnader. I Paper II demonstrerades en möjlighet till tvåkanalsdetektering med en enda SNSPD för att ytterligare öka deras potential. Lock-in-förstärkning är en annan vanligt förekommande metod för att förbättra SBR. Lock-in-detektering förstärker dock även oavsiktligt laserljus från spridning eller reflektion eftersom det moduleras med samma referensfrekvens. Bidrag från spritt laserljus kan ge en betydande bakgrund vid vävnadsavbildning där emissionsfilter ofta inte enkelt kan undertrycka denna bakgrund. I Paper III utnyttjades de olinjära egenskaperna hos lantanid-dopade uppkonverteringsnanopartiklar (UCNPs) som frekvensblandare för att generera nya frekvenskomponenter, som sedan kunde filtreras fram genom en snabb Fourier-transformation av emissionssignalen. Dessutom kunde ytterligare lågfrekventa pulssignaler genereras genom modulerad excitation med mer än en basmoduleringsfrekvens. Dessa resultat öppnar för bakgrundsfri avbildning baserad på UCNPs och med hjälp av låghastighetsdetektorer, inkluderande även kameror. Även om de två ovannämnda studierna fokuserade på fördelarna med att excitera och detektera i NIR-spektralområdet och därmed ta bort AF, bör fördelarna med inmärkningsfria studier baserade på AF i sig inte förbises. Aminosyran tyrosin är en av de rikliga men svaga källorna till AF i människokroppen. Dess emissioner kan också innehålla värdefull information om den lokala miljön, särskilt via dess blinkande egenskaper som återspeglar dess fotofysiska tillståndsövergångar. Denna information har förblivit otillgänglig för etablerade metoder som fluorescens korrelationsspektroskopi (FCS). FCS analyserar fluktuationer i fluorescensintensitet från starkt fluorescerande molekyler i låga koncentrationer och kräver SMD-förhållanden (single-molecule detection), vilket gör FCS-studier av svaga tyrosininnehållande molekyler extremt svåra. Istället kan en teknik för att följa transienta tillstånd (TRAST) användas, vilken gör det möjligt att utforska dessa moleculers fotofysik och utvinna relaterad omgivningsinformation. TRAST, som inte kräver SMD-förhållanden, ger flexibiliteten att tillämpas på svagt emitterande prover där signaler med låg fluorescensintensitet kan kompenseras genom att öka deras koncentration. I Paper I demonstrerades TRAST-mätningar på tyrosin, vilka sedan tillämpades för att följa konformationstillståndet hos det tyrosininnehållande proteinet Calmodulin. Att utnyttja AF är särskilt värdefullt eftersom det erbjuder ett märkningsfritt alternativ, där man undviker störningar som kan uppstå till följd av fluoroformärkning. Märkning med externa fluoroforer kan dock också ge ytterligare information till fluktuationsbaserade metoder, som TRAST och FCS. I Paper IV möjliggjorde studier av co-enzymet Q10 på fluoresceinmärkta unilamellära vesiklar direkt observation av protonutbyteskinetik och av PCA-effekter (proton collecting antenna) av Q10 i vesikelmembranet. I det här fallet, även om Q10 i sig är svagt AF, observerades PCA-effekter bättre genom förändringar i protoneringsrelaxationen hos den pH-känsliga fluorescein-fluoroforen vid variation av Q10-koncentrationerna i vesikelmembranen.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 2025.
Series
TRITA-SCI-FOU ; 2024:62
National Category
Biophysics Atom and Molecular Physics and Optics
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-359402ISBN: 978-91-8106-163-5 (print)OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-359402DiVA, id: diva2:1933215
Public defence
2025-02-28, FB53, AlbaNova University Center, Roslagstullsbacken 21, Stockholm, 09:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Note

QC 2024-01-31

Available from: 2025-01-31 Created: 2025-01-30 Last updated: 2025-02-20Bibliographically approved
List of papers
1. Non-fluorescent transient states of tyrosine as a basis for label-free protein conformation and interaction studies
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Non-fluorescent transient states of tyrosine as a basis for label-free protein conformation and interaction studies
2024 (English)In: Scientific Reports, E-ISSN 2045-2322, Vol. 14, no 1, article id 6464Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

The amino acids tryptophan, tyrosine, and phenylalanine have been extensively used for different label-free protein studies, based on the intensity, lifetime, wavelength and/or polarization of their emitted fluorescence. Similar to most fluorescent organic molecules, these amino acids can undergo transitions into dark meta-stable states, such as triplet and photo-radical states. On the one hand, these transitions limit the fluorescence signal, but they are also highly environment-sensitive and can offer an additional set of parameters, reflecting interactions, folding states, and immediate environments around the proteins. In this work, by analyzing the average intensity of tyrosine emission under different excitation modulations with the transient state monitoring (TRAST) technique, we explored the photo physics of tyrosine as a basis for such environment-sensitive readouts. From how the dark state transitions of tyrosine varied with excitation intensity and solvent conditions we first established a photophysical model for tyrosine. Next, we studied Calmodulin (containing two tyrosines), and how its conformation is changed upon calcium binding. From these TRAST experiments, performed with 280 nm time-modulated excitation, we show that tyrosine dark state transitions clearly change with the calmodulin conformation, and may thus represent a useful source of information for (label-free) analyses of protein conformations and interactions.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Springer Nature, 2024
National Category
Biophysics
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-359401 (URN)10.1038/s41598-024-57054-6 (DOI)001187726300016 ()38499633 (PubMedID)2-s2.0-85187937377 (Scopus ID)
Funder
Swedish Research Council, VR 2021-04556Swedish Research Council, VR 2021-04556Swedish Research Council, VR 2021-04556Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research, BENVAC RMX18-0041Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research, BENVAC RMX18-0041Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research, BENVAC RMX18-0041KTH Royal Institute of Technology
Note

QC 20250131

Available from: 2025-01-30 Created: 2025-01-30 Last updated: 2025-02-20Bibliographically approved
2. Multiplexed near-IR detection of single-molecule fluorescence fluctuations using a single superconducting nanowire single photon detector
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Multiplexed near-IR detection of single-molecule fluorescence fluctuations using a single superconducting nanowire single photon detector
(English)Manuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
National Category
Biophysics
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-359398 (URN)
Note

QC 20250203

Available from: 2025-01-30 Created: 2025-01-30 Last updated: 2025-02-20Bibliographically approved
3. Lanthanide upconversion nonlinearity: a key probe feature for background-free deep-tissue imaging
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Lanthanide upconversion nonlinearity: a key probe feature for background-free deep-tissue imaging
Show others...
(English)Manuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
National Category
Biophysics
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-359397 (URN)
Note

QC 20250203

Available from: 2025-01-30 Created: 2025-01-30 Last updated: 2025-02-20Bibliographically approved
4. Quinones Operate as Proton Collecting Antennas in Energy-Transducing Membranes
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Quinones Operate as Proton Collecting Antennas in Energy-Transducing Membranes
Show others...
(English)Manuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
National Category
Biophysics
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-359396 (URN)
Note

QC 20250203

Available from: 2025-01-30 Created: 2025-01-30 Last updated: 2025-02-20Bibliographically approved

Open Access in DiVA

Niusha_Bagheri_kappa(13050 kB)154 downloads
File information
File name FULLTEXT01.pdfFile size 13050 kBChecksum SHA-512
dabe8c726f2886ba69f934b368c857b58a9ccbf3ad7cef8b5603918065a877a5336ab0c6f27abf306e6d5e0d51a788986c5f0ddfb52bd7418bddc4091eebda37
Type summaryMimetype application/pdf

Search in DiVA

By author/editor
Bagheri, Niusha
By organisation
Bio-Opto-Nano Physics
BiophysicsAtom and Molecular Physics and Optics

Search outside of DiVA

GoogleGoogle Scholar
The number of downloads is the sum of all downloads of full texts. It may include eg previous versions that are now no longer available

isbn
urn-nbn

Altmetric score

isbn
urn-nbn
Total: 2102 hits
CiteExportLink to record
Permanent link

Direct link
Cite
Citation style
  • apa
  • ieee
  • modern-language-association-8th-edition
  • vancouver
  • Other style
More styles
Language
  • de-DE
  • en-GB
  • en-US
  • fi-FI
  • nn-NO
  • nn-NB
  • sv-SE
  • Other locale
More languages
Output format
  • html
  • text
  • asciidoc
  • rtf