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Trust Mends Blockchains: Living up to Expectations
KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Computer Science, Software and Computer systems, SCS.
KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Computer Science, Software and Computer systems, SCS.ORCID iD: 0000-0003-4516-7317
2019 (English)In: IEEE 39th International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems (ICDCS), Dallas, July 7-10 2019, 2019Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

At the heart of Blockchains is the trustless leader election mechanism for achieving consensus among pseudoanonymous peers, without the need of oversight from any third party or authority whatsoever. So far, two main mechanisms are being discussed: proof-of-work (PoW) and proof-of-stake (PoS). PoW relies on demonstration of computational power, and comes with the markup of huge energy wastage in return of the stake in cyrpto-currency. PoS tries to address this by relying on owned stake (i.e., amount of crypto-currency) in the system. In both cases, Blockchains are limited to systems with financial basis. This forces non-crypto-currency Blockchain applications to resort to “permissioned” setting only, effectively centralizing the system. However, non-crypto-currency permisionless blockhains could enable secure and self-governed peer-to-peer structures for numerous emerging application domains, such as education and health, where some trust exists among peers. This creates a new possibility for valuing trust among peers and capitalizing it as the basis (stake) for reaching consensus. In this paper we show that there is a viable way for permisionless non-financial Blockhains to operate in completely decentralized environments and achieve leader election through proof-of-trust (PoT). In our PoT construction, peer trust is extracted from a trust network that emerges in a decentralized manner and is used as a waiver for the effort to be spent for PoW, thus dramatically reducing total energy expenditure of the system. Furthermore, our PoT construction is resilient to the risk of small cartels monopolizing the network (as it happens with the mining-pool phenomena in PoW) and is not vulnerable to sybils. We evluate security guarantees, and perform experimental evaluation of our construction, demonstrating up to 10-fold energy savings compared to PoW without trading off any of the decentralization characteristics, with further guarantees against risks of monopolization.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2019.
Keywords [en]
Proof-of-Trust Blockchain, Blockchain, PoW, PoT
National Category
Computer Systems
Research subject
Computer Science
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-251639OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-251639DiVA, id: diva2:1316199
Conference
IEEE 39th International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems - ICDCS 2019
Note

QC 20190521

Available from: 2019-05-16 Created: 2019-05-16 Last updated: 2022-06-26Bibliographically approved

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Bahri, LeilaGirdzijauskas, Sarunas

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CiteExportLink to record
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Citation style
  • apa
  • ieee
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  • de-DE
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