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Reaction mechanism of the dinuclear zinc enzyme N-acyl-L-homoserine lactone hydrolase: a quantum chemical study
KTH, Skolan för bioteknologi (BIO), Teoretisk kemi.
KTH, Skolan för bioteknologi (BIO), Teoretisk kemi.
2009 (Engelska)Ingår i: Inorganic Chemistry, ISSN 0020-1669, E-ISSN 1520-510X, Vol. 48, nr 4, s. 1442-1448Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat) Published
Abstract [en]

N-acyl-L-homoserine lactone hydrolase (AHL lactonase) is a dinuclear zinc enzyme responsible for the hydrolytic ring opening of AHLs, disrupting quorum sensing in bacteria. The reaction mechanism is investigated using hybrid density functional theory. A model of the active site is designed on the basis of the X-ray crystal structure, and stationary points along the reaction pathway are optimized and analyzed. Two possible mechanisms based on two different substrate orientations are considered. The calculations give support to a reaction mechanism that involves two major chemical steps: nucleophilic attack on the substrate carbonyl carbon by the bridging hydroxide and ring opening by direct ester C - O bond cleavage. The roles of the two zinc ions are analyzed. Zn1 is demonstrated to stabilize the charge of the tetrahedral intermediate, thereby facilitating the nucleophilic attack, while Zn2 stabilizes the charge of the alkoxide resulting from the ring opening, thereby lowering the barrier for the C - O bond cleavage.

Ort, förlag, år, upplaga, sidor
2009. Vol. 48, nr 4, s. 1442-1448
Nyckelord [en]
QUORUM-QUENCHING LACTONASE, BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS, IDENTIFICATION, SPECIFICITY, BACTERIA, DENSITY, ENERGY, AIIA, COMMUNICATION, VIRULENCE
Nationell ämneskategori
Kemi
Identifikatorer
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-10172DOI: 10.1021/ic801531nISI: 000263227100026PubMedID: 19159270Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-64349108338OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-10172DiVA, id: diva2:209848
Anmärkning
QC 20100928Tillgänglig från: 2009-03-27 Skapad: 2009-03-27 Senast uppdaterad: 2022-06-25Bibliografiskt granskad
Ingår i avhandling
1. Mechanistic insights into dinuclear zinc enzymes from density functional theory studies
Öppna denna publikation i ny flik eller fönster >>Mechanistic insights into dinuclear zinc enzymes from density functional theory studies
2009 (Engelska)Licentiatavhandling, sammanläggning (Övrigt vetenskapligt)
Abstract [en]

In this thesis, quantum chemical methods have been used to shed light on the reaction mechanisms of several dinuclear zinc enzymes. The enzymes studied are involved in the hydrolysis of phosphates, amides, and carboxylic esters, namely RNase Z, Dihydroorotase (DHO), and N-acyl homoserine lactone hydrolase (AHL lactonase). The density functional method B3LYP, together with quite large active site models, was used to investigate these enzymatic reactions. Several plausible proposed mechanisms, involving protonation states of important active site residues (DHO), substrate orientations (AHL lactonase), have been considered. The calculated energetics can be used to assess the feasibility of the suggested reaction mechanisms. Based on the calculations and also on other related dinuclear zinc enzymes studied previously, some general mechanistic features have been uncovered.

For all three enzymes, the nucleophilicity of the bridging hydroxide is shown to be sufficient to perform the nucleophilic attack on the substrates. During the attack, the negative charge is transferred from the bridging hydroxide to the substrate oxygen (P=O or C=O). For phosphate hydrolysis, an in line attack have been suggested for RNase Z. In addition, the two zinc ions in RNase Z are directly involved in stabilizing the negative charge in the penta-coordinated transition states. For carbonyl substrates, only one zinc ion participates in the oxygen anion stabilization in the transition states and the tetrahedral intermediates. Furthermore, the enzymes always use the zinc ion with less negatively-charged ligands to play such role.

All the substrates investigated have poor leaving groups. Therefore, either the zinc ions or some active site residues help the cleavage of the scissile bond. For RNase Z, a Glu-His diad was suggested to protonate the leaving group. For DHO, an Asp residue was shown to transfer a proton from the bridging hydroxide to the leaving group nitrogen. For AHL lactonase, a zinc ion was also observed to stabilize the leaving oxygen anion.

Ort, förlag, år, upplaga, sidor
Stockholm: KTH, 2009. s. 59
Serie
Trita-BIO-Report, ISSN 1654-2312 ; 2009:4
Nationell ämneskategori
Annan medicinsk grundvetenskap
Identifikatorer
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-10175 (URN)978-91-7415-261-6 (ISBN)
Presentation
(Engelska)
Tillgänglig från: 2009-03-27 Skapad: 2009-03-27 Senast uppdaterad: 2022-06-25Bibliografiskt granskad

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