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Artificial intelligence for analyzing orthopedic trauma radiographs Deep learning algorithms-are they on par with humans for diagnosing fractures?
KTH, School of Computer Science and Communication (CSC), Robotics, perception and learning, RPL.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-4266-6746
KTH, School of Computer Science and Communication (CSC), Robotics, perception and learning, RPL. Danderyd Hosp, Karolinska Inst, Sweden.
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2017 (English)In: Acta Orthopaedica, ISSN 1745-3674, E-ISSN 1745-3682, Vol. 88, no 6, p. 581-586Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Background and purpose - Recent advances in artificial intelligence (deep learning) have shown remarkable performance in classifying non-medical images, and the technology is believed to be the next technological revolution. So far it has never been applied in an orthopedic setting, and in this study we sought to determine the feasibility of using deep learning for skeletal radiographs. Methods - We extracted 256,000 wrist, hand, and ankle radiographs from Danderyd's Hospital and identified 4 classes: fracture, laterality, body part, and exam view. We then selected 5 openly available deep learning networks that were adapted for these images. The most accurate network was benchmarked against a gold standard for fractures. We furthermore compared the network's performance with 2 senior orthopedic surgeons who reviewed images at the same resolution as the network. Results - All networks exhibited an accuracy of at least 90% when identifying laterality, body part, and exam view. The final accuracy for fractures was estimated at 83% for the best performing network. The network performed similarly to senior orthopedic surgeons when presented with images at the same resolution as the network. The 2 reviewer Cohen's kappa under these conditions was 0.76. Interpretation - This study supports the use for orthopedic radiographs of artificial intelligence, which can perform at a human level. While current implementation lacks important features that surgeons require, e.g. risk of dislocation, classifications, measurements, and combining multiple exam views, these problems have technical solutions that are waiting to be implemented for orthopedics.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2017. Vol. 88, no 6, p. 581-586
National Category
Orthopaedics
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-220304DOI: 10.1080/17453674.2017.1344459ISI: 000416605900005PubMedID: 28681679Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85021907834OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-220304DiVA, id: diva2:1168857
Note

QC 20171221

Available from: 2017-12-21 Created: 2017-12-21 Last updated: 2022-06-26Bibliographically approved

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Maki, AtsutoRazavian, Ali Sharif

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