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Novel, Cellulose-Based, Lightweight, Wet-Resilient Materials with Tunable Porosity, Density, and Strength
KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Fibre- and Polymer Technology, Fibre Technology. KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Centres, VinnExcellence Center BiMaC Innovation.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-5286-333X
KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Fibre- and Polymer Technology, Fibre Technology.ORCID iD: 0000-0003-1874-2187
KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Fibre- and Polymer Technology. KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Centres, VinnExcellence Center BiMaC Innovation.ORCID iD: 0000-0001-8622-0386
KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Centres, VinnExcellence Center BiMaC Innovation. KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Fibre- and Polymer Technology.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-7410-0333
2018 (English)In: ACS Sustainable Chemistry and Engineering, E-ISSN 2168-0485, Vol. 6, no 8, p. 9951-9957Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Highly porous materials with low density were developed from chemically modified cellulose fibers using solvent-exchange and air drying. Periodate oxidation was initially performed to introduce aldehydes into the cellulose chain, which were then further oxidized to carboxyl groups by chlorite oxidation. Low-density materials were finally achieved by a second periodate oxidation under which the fibers self-assembled into porous fibrous networks. Following a solvent exchange to acetone, these networks could be air-dried without shrinkage. The properties of the materials were tuned by mechanical mixing with a high intensity mixer for different times prior to the second periodate oxidation, which resulted in porosities between 94.4% and 96.3% (i.e., densities between 54 and 82 kg/m(3)). The compressive strength of the materials was between 400 and 1600 kPa in the dry state and between 20 and 50 kPa in the wet state. It was also observed that in the wet state the fiber networks could be compressed up to 80% while still being able to recover their shape. These networks are highly interesting for use in different types of absorption products, and since they also have a high wet integrity, they can be modified with physical methods for different high-value-added end-use applications.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
AMER CHEMICAL SOC , 2018. Vol. 6, no 8, p. 9951-9957
Keywords [en]
Ambient drying, Cellulose, Chemical modification, Chlorite oxidation, Lightweight material, Periodate oxidation
National Category
Polymer Technologies
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-234192DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.8b01165ISI: 000441475500049Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85049192536OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-234192DiVA, id: diva2:1252458
Note

QC 20181001

Available from: 2018-10-01 Created: 2018-10-01 Last updated: 2022-06-26Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. CONTROLLED ASSEMBLY AND FUNCTIONALISATION OF CELLULOSE-BASED MATERIALS
Open this publication in new window or tab >>CONTROLLED ASSEMBLY AND FUNCTIONALISATION OF CELLULOSE-BASED MATERIALS
2019 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

The environmental effects caused by the use of fossil-based resources have intensified and driven society and research towards new materials and processes that utilise renewable resources. Within the development of new materials, wood has been identified as a raw-material from which high performing materials can be derived. One such material is cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) which are capable of replacing several currently used fossil-based materials. However, for CNFs to exhibit the required material properties they need to be chemically or physically modified. This means that the properties of the CNFs can be specifically adapted to fit the demand in particular areas, for example electrical energy storage. In these applications it is the mechanical properties; the large, easily functionalised surface and ability to be moulded into 3D shapes that make CNFs a highly interesting raw material.

This thesis explores the formation and functionalisation of CNF- and fibre-based materials and their novel use in applications such as energy storage. The wet stability of the materials was achieved by crosslinking and ice templating the fibrils by a novel freezing procedure, which makes it possible to avoid the use of freeze-drying and subsequent crosslinking. Using colloidal probe atomic force microscopy adhesion measurements, hemiacetals were shown to be formed between the aldehyde-containing fibrils when they are brought into molecular contact, for example during ice templating. Hemiacetal crosslinked aerogels have been shaped and functionalised to demonstrate their application as biomimetic structural composites, electrical circuits and electrical cells. In addition, crosslinked, light-weight 3D fibre networks were prepared with á similar chemistry by a self-assembly process of pulp fibres. These networks could be dried under ambient conditions and the materials formed were wet-stable due to the hemiacetal crosslinks formed in the fibre–fibre contacts, which provided the networks with excellent mechanical properties and shape recovery capacity in water.

Finally, using a newly developed polyampholyte and mixing it with CNFs, heterofunctional composite films and aerogels could be prepared. By activating crosslinkable groups in these composite materials, they were able to undergo further water based chemical functionalisation. In this highly dispersed state, the composite could be irreversibly crosslinked by a hydrothermal treatment to create transparent, low solid content hydrogels.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Stockholm: Kungliga Tekniska högskolan, 2019. p. 81
Series
TRITA-CBH-FOU ; 2019:44
National Category
Polymer Technologies Paper, Pulp and Fiber Technology
Research subject
Fibre and Polymer Science
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-259346 (URN)978-91-7873-295-1 (ISBN)
Public defence
2019-10-11, F3, Lindstedtsvägen 26, Stockholm, 10:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Funder
Swedish Energy Agency, 37716-1
Note

QC 2019-09-13

Available from: 2019-09-13 Created: 2019-09-13 Last updated: 2022-06-26Bibliographically approved

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López Durán, VeronicaErlandsson, JohanWågberg, LarsLarsson, Per A.

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