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Effective momentum induced by steam condensation in the oscillatory bubble regime
KTH, Skolan för teknikvetenskap (SCI), Fysik, Kärnenergiteknik.
KTH, Skolan för teknikvetenskap (SCI), Fysik, Kärnenergiteknik.
KTH, Skolan för teknikvetenskap (SCI), Fysik, Kärnkraftssäkerhet.
Lappeenranta University of Technology (LUT), Finland.
Visa övriga samt affilieringar
(Engelska)Manuskript (preprint) (Övrigt vetenskapligt)
Abstract [en]

The spargers used in Boiling Water Reactors (BWR) discharge steam from the primary coolant system into a pool of water. Direct steam condensation in subcooled water creates sources of heat and momentum determined by the condensation regimes, called “effective sources” in this work. Competition between the effective sources can result in thermally stratification or mixing of the pool. Thermal stratification is a safety concern in BWRs since it reduces the steam condensation and pressure suppression capacity of the pool. In this work, we present semi-empirical correlations to predict the effective momentum induced by steam condensation in the oscillatory bubble regime, relevant for the operation of spargers in BWRs. A Separate Effect Facility (SEF) was designed and built at LUT, Finland, in order to provide the necessary data. An empirical correlation for the effective momentum as a function of the Jakob number is proposed. The Kelvin Impulse theory was also applied to estimate the effective momentum based on information about the bubble dynamics. To do this, new correlations for the bubble collapse frequencies, maximum bubble radius, velocities, pressure gradient and heat transfer coefficient are proposed and compared to available data from the literature. The effective momentum induced by sonic steam jets appears to be constant in a wide range of studied Jakob number. However, further experimental data is necessary at larger Jakob numbers and steam mass fluxes.

Nyckelord [en]
Effective momentum; Kelvin Impulse; bubble radius; collapsing frequency; heat transfer coefficient
Nationell ämneskategori
Energiteknik
Identifikatorer
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-238704OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-238704DiVA, id: diva2:1261783
Anmärkning

QC 20181109

Tillgänglig från: 2018-11-08 Skapad: 2018-11-08 Senast uppdaterad: 2022-06-26Bibliografiskt granskad
Ingår i avhandling
1. Steam condensation in a water pool and its effect on thermal stratification and mixing
Öppna denna publikation i ny flik eller fönster >>Steam condensation in a water pool and its effect on thermal stratification and mixing
2018 (Engelska)Doktorsavhandling, sammanläggning (Övrigt vetenskapligt)
Abstract [en]

The Pressure Suppression Pool (PSP) of a Boiling Water Reactor (BWR) is a large heat sink designed to limit the containment pressure by condensing steam released from the primary coolant system. The development of thermal stratification is a safety concern since it leads to higher containment pressures than in completely mixed conditions, and can affect the performance of systems such as the emergency core cooling and containment spray, which the use PSP as a source of water.The goal of this thesis is to develop and validate models for the prediction of the PSP behavior during a steam injection in a Nordic BWR. The framework of the Effective Heat Source and Effective Momentum Source (EHS/EMS) models is used to provide the integral heat and momentum sources induced by the steam condensation. The EHS/EMS can be implemented in a containment thermal-hydraulic or a CFD code, where the pool is modelled with a single-phase liquid solver.EHS/EMS models are developed for the low steam mass flux regimes appearing in (i) large diameter blowdown pipes connecting the drywell to the wetwell pool; and (ii) multi-hole sparger pipes connecting the primary system to the pool.Empirical correlations are developed to predict the effective momentum induced by chugging in the blowdown pipes. The correlations are implemented in GOTHIC, where a containment model is proposed to enable capturing the feedback between pool conditions and drywell pressure. Validation is performed against the PPOOLEX experiments.Conceptual designs are proposed for a set of large-scale pool experiments with spargers in the PPOOLEX and PANDA facilities. Correlations are proposed for the erosion velocity of a cold layer, and ranges are estimated for the angle, profile and turbulence of the momentum sources created by steam injection. CFD simulations of the experiments is done to calibrate the momentum sources in the oscillatory bubble regimes. A concept of the Separate Effect Facility (SEF) is proposed to provide a measurements of the effective momentum. Empirical correlations for the bubble radius, velocity, heat transfer coefficient, etc. are also developed and compared to available data from the literature.Application of the developed CFD and EHS/EMS models to full-scale containment behavior shows that thermal stratification can occur during prototypic steam injection conditions. Recommendations are given on how to avoid this.

Ort, förlag, år, upplaga, sidor
Sweden: KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 2018. s. 69
Serie
TRITA-SCI-FOU ; 2018:48
Nyckelord
Steam injection, EHS/EMS, blowdown pipes, spargers, chugging, oscillatory bubble, CFD, condensation pool, stratification, mixing
Nationell ämneskategori
Energiteknik
Forskningsämne
Teknisk mekanik
Identifikatorer
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-238732 (URN)978-91-7873-028-5 (ISBN)
Disputation
2018-12-07, FB54, AlbaNova University Centre, Rogslagstullbacken 21, 114 21 Stockholm, 14:00 (Engelska)
Opponent
Handledare
Forskningsfinansiär
Strålsäkerhetsmyndigheten
Anmärkning

QC 20181109

Tillgänglig från: 2018-11-09 Skapad: 2018-11-09 Senast uppdaterad: 2022-06-26Bibliografiskt granskad

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Gallego-Marcos, Ignacio

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Energiteknik

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