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Comparison of the physical properties between hardwood and softwood pulps
KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Fibre and Polymer Technology, Wood Chemistry and Pulp Technology. KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Centres, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.
Innventia AB.
Innventia AB.
KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Fibre and Polymer Technology, Wood Chemistry and Pulp Technology. KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Centres, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-2900-4713
2009 (English)In: Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal, ISSN 0283-2631, E-ISSN 2000-0669, Vol. 24, no 4, p. 409-414Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

High mechano-sorptive creep resistance, i.e., good creep resistance in environments with changing relative humidity, is one of the key requirements for linerboards. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of pulp types and pulp properties on the mechano-sorptive creep of kraftliner. A high-yield softwood, kraftliner pulp, and four different hardwood pulps were investigated. The physical properties of laboratory sheets were evaluated, with emphasis on the mechano-sorptive creep properties.

The results showed that the density increase due to increased beating significantly improved the tensile stiffness of all pulps, while its effect on the isocyclic creep stiffness was less pronounced. The hardwood pulps showed higher tensile stiffness, better mechano-sorptive creep properties, and lower hygroexpansion than the softwood pulp at a given density. However, the softwood pulp did exhibit better tensile strength and fracture toughness properties than the hardwood pulps.

The results imply that hardwood pulps can be competitive with softwood pulps in kraftliners, provided that their tensile strength and fracture toughness properties can be improved by, for example, chemical means. Furthermore, the isocyclic creep stiffness correlates with the ratio of tensile stiffness to hygroexpansion, indicating that this ratio can be used for engineering estimates of the mechano-sorptive creep performance of paper materials.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2009. Vol. 24, no 4, p. 409-414
Keywords [en]
Birch, Dimensional stability, Eucalypt, Fracture toughness, Hygroexpansion, Linerboard, Mechano-sorptive creep, Softwood, Stiffness
National Category
Paper, Pulp and Fiber Technology
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-9712DOI: 10.3183/NPPRJ-2009-24-04-p409-414ISI: 000273724200006Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-76349105687OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-9712DiVA, id: diva2:127108
Note

QC 20100629

Available from: 2008-12-01 Created: 2008-12-01 Last updated: 2022-06-26Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Strategies for improving kraftliner pulp properties
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Strategies for improving kraftliner pulp properties
2008 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other scientific)
Abstract [en]

A large part of the world paper manufacturing consists of production of corrugated board components, kraftliner and fluting, that are used in many different types of corrugated boxes. Because these boxes are stored and transported, they are often subjected to changes in relative humidity. These changes together with mechanical loads will increase the deformation of the boxes compared to the case where the same loads are applied in a static environment. This enlarged creep due to the changes in relative humidity is called mechano-sorptive or accelerated creep. Mechano-sorptive creep forces producers to use high safety factors when designing boxes, and therefore, this is one of the key properties of kraftliner boards.

 

Different strategies to decrease mechano-sorptive creep, and to simultaneously gain more knowledge about the causes for this phenomenon in paper, are the aim of this work. Derivatised and underivatised black liquor lignins, a by-product produced in pulp mills in large quantities, have been used together with biomimetic methods, to modify the properties of kraftliner pulp. Furthermore, the properties of kraftliner pulp have been compared to other pulps in order to evaluate the influence of fibre morphological factors, such as fibre width and shape factor, on the mechano-sorptive creep. In addition the influence of the chemical composition of the kraftliner pulp has been evaluated both by means of treating a kraftliner pulp with chlorite and xylanase and by producing pulps with different chemical composition.

 

By using lignin and biomimetic methods, to create radical coupling reactions, it has been shown that it is possible to increase the wet strength of kraftliner pulp sheets. This method of treating the pulp showed, however, no significant effects on the mechano-sorptive creep. The addition of an apolar suberin-like lignin derivative, which has been shown to be possible to produce from natural resources, did show a positive effect on mechano-sorptive creep properties, but at the expense of stiffness properties in constant climate. Different pulps were compared with a kraftliner pulp and it was observed that the ratio between tensile stiffness and hygroexpansion can be used to estimate the mechano-sorptive creep properties. The hardwood kraft pulps investigated had lower hygroexpansion, probably due to more slender and straighter fibres, and higher tensile stiffness, probably due to lower lignin content. As the lignin content was varied by different methods in kraft pulps, it was observed that increased lignin content gives an increased hygroexpansion and decreased tensile stiffness as well as an increased mechano-sorptive creep. There were also indications of increased mechano-sorptive creep due to higher xylan content.

 

 

Abstract [sv]

En stor del av världens papperstillverkning utgörs av produktion av wellpappkomponenter, kraftliner och fluting, som används i en uppsjö av olika wellpapplådor. När dessa lådor lagras och transporteras utsätts de ofta för förändringar i relativa luftfuktigheten. Dessa förändringar tillsammans med mekanisk belastning ökar lådornas deformation jämfört med om samma belastning skulle ha applicerats vid ett statiskt klimat. Denna förhöjda krypning på grund av förändringarna i relativ luftfuktighet kallas mekanosorptiv- eller accelererad krypning. Mekanosorptiv krypning tvingar producenterna att ha höga säkerhetsmarginaler vid dimensioneringar av lådor och är därför en av nyckelegenskaperna för kraftliner.

 

Olika strategier för att minska denna effekt, och på samma gång erövra mer kunskap om orsakerna till detta fenomen, har varit syftet med arbetet. Derivatiserade och oderivatiserade svartlutslignin, en biprodukt möjlig att få ut i stora kvantiteter från massabruk, har används tillsammans med biomimetriska metoder, för att modifiera kraftlinermassas egenskaper. Dessutom har kraftlinermassans egenskaper jämförts med andra massors egenskaper för att utvärdera inverkan av fibermorfologiska faktorer, såsom fiberbredd och fibreform på det mekanosorptiva krypet. Också inverkan av den kemiska sammansättningen av kraftliner massan har undersökts både genom behandling med klorit och xylanas och genom att producera massor med olika kemiska sammansättningar.

 

Genom att använda lignin och biomimetriska metoder för att skapa radikal-kopplingsreaktioner har det visats på möjligheten att öka våtstyrkan i massa-ark. Det här sättet att behandla massa visade dessvärre inga signifikanta effekter på det mekanosorptiva krypet. Tillsatts av ett apolärt suberin-liknande ligninderivat, som visats möjligt att producera ur naturliga råmaterial, visade en positiv effekt på det mekanosorptiva krypegenskaperna även om det var på bekostnad av styvheten vid konstant klimat. Olika massor jämfördes med en kraftlinermassa och det observerades att relationen mellan dragstyvhet och hygroexpansion kan användas för att uppskatta de mekanosorptiva krypegenskaperna. Lövvedssulfatmassorna som undersöktes hade lägre hygroexpansion, antagligen beroende på smalare och rakare fibrer, och högre dragstyvhet, troligen beroende på en lägre ligninhalt. När ligninhalten varierades i sulfatmassor med olika metoder observerades att ökad ligninhalt ger en ökad hygroexpansion och minskad dragstyvhet liksom en ökad mekanosorptiv krypning. Dessutom fanns indikationer på en ökad mekanosorptiv krypning till följd av högre xylaninnehåll.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Stockholm: KTH, 2008. p. 43
Series
Trita-CHE-Report, ISSN 1654-1081 ; 2008:70
Keywords
lignin, xylan, kraftliner pulp, mechano-sorptive creep, hygroexpansion, stiffness, fibre shape, fibre width, lignin, xylan, kraftlinermassa, mekanosorptivt kryp, hygroexpansion, styvhet, fiberform, fiberbredd
National Category
Paper, Pulp and Fiber Technology
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-9718 (URN)978-91-7415-175-6 (ISBN)
Public defence
2008-12-19, E2, KTH, Lindstedtsvägen 3, Stockholm, 14:00 (Swedish)
Opponent
Supervisors
Note
QC 20100629Available from: 2008-12-08 Created: 2008-12-01 Last updated: 2022-06-26Bibliographically approved

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