kth.sePublications
Change search
CiteExportLink to record
Permanent link

Direct link
Cite
Citation style
  • apa
  • ieee
  • modern-language-association-8th-edition
  • vancouver
  • Other style
More styles
Language
  • de-DE
  • en-GB
  • en-US
  • fi-FI
  • nn-NO
  • nn-NB
  • sv-SE
  • Other locale
More languages
Output format
  • html
  • text
  • asciidoc
  • rtf
Built Environment Characteristics, Daily Travel, and Biometric Readings: Creation of an Experimental Tool based on a Smartwatch Platform
KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Urban Planning and Environment, System Analysis and Economics.ORCID iD: 0000-0003-1558-382x
KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Urban Planning and Environment, System Analysis and Economics.ORCID iD: 0000-0001-7124-7164
KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Urban Planning and Environment, Geoinformatics.ORCID iD: 0000-0003-1164-8403
KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Urban Planning and Environment, System Analysis and Economics.
(English)Manuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

The utilisation of travel surveys can uncover layers of information regarding travel behaviour, travel needs, and more. The collected information is utilised to make strategic planning choices when reorganising or planning new built environments. Over the years, the methods for conducting travel surveys have changed from manual interviews and paper forms to automated travel diaries which are monitoring the trips made by the survey participants. With the fast progression of technological advancements, new possibilities for operationalising said types of automated travel diaries can be changed from utilising mobile devices to wearable devices. Wearable devices are often equipped with sensors which can collect continuous biometric data from sources which are not reachable from standard mobile devices such as smartphones. The biometric data that can be collected through wearable devices ranging from heart rate and blood pressure to temperature and perspiration, given the proper sensors. This advancement opens for new possible layers of information in the collection of travel data. Such biometric data can be used to derive psychophysiological conditions related to cognitive load, which can uncover more in-depth knowledge regarding stress and emotions, given the right variables and sample rate. This paper aims to explore the possibilities in terms of data analysis on a data set collected through a software combining traditional travel survey data, such as position and time, with biometric data, in this case; heartrate, to gain knowledge of the implications of such collected data. The knowledge about the implications of spatial configurations can be used in the planning phase of new areas, in order to create more accessible environments, as the information could be used to make neutral, or even encouraging, environments for travellers.

Keywords [en]
Built environment, position data, biometric data, automated data collection, urban planning, traveller needs, traveller behaviour
National Category
Transport Systems and Logistics Human Computer Interaction Other Engineering and Technologies
Research subject
Transport Science, Transport Systems
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-262879OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-262879DiVA, id: diva2:1363042
Funder
EU, Horizon 2020, 769980
Note

This work is currently not under review but is intended to be submitted to the “International Conference on Transport Survey Methods” once the call for submissions is opened.

QCR 20191022

Available from: 2019-10-22 Created: 2019-10-22 Last updated: 2025-02-18Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Enriching Automated Travel Diaries Using Biometric Information
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Enriching Automated Travel Diaries Using Biometric Information
2019 (English)Licentiate thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

The methods for collecting travel data about travellers today incorporate either fully manual or semi-automatic elements, which makes the methods susceptible to errors. The travellers might respond subjectively rather than objectively or even wholly incorrect, albeit with or without purpose. For certain types of studies, these are still valid methods for collecting data. However, for specific target groups, it might be hard to respond using these methods, either because of physical or psychological limitations.

One of these target groups that is increasing rapidly is elderly in general, and dementia patients in particular, who suffer from fluctuating cognitive skills and memory. These conditions affect the recipient’s ability to answer truthfully and correctly. However, in the strive to form more accessible urban environments, the information regarding the need and behaviour of the said target group is crucial, meaning that new methods for collecting travel data need to be created.

The three papers included in this licentiate thesis present the development and trial of a new method for fully automated data collection using biometric data as a dimension. The method attempts to determine how the recipient is affected by the elements presented to them while they travel, such as the built environment, based on the variations in the biometric data dimension.

With the rapid advancements in information and communication technology, many new artefacts which open for new possible methods of data collection has been launched and are widely available. The methods and artefacts are not capable of meeting the requirements for the type of data collection method that would be needed to cater to the target group by themselves. However, by combing several types of currently available artefacts and methods, it is theoretically possible to cover the gaps of each artefact and method to create versatile methods for data collection (Paper I).

Such methods require tools for physical operationalisation. An exploratory development process has led to the creation of a software tool which could be used with several types of consumer hardware, which means that it would theoretically be possible to conduct extensive surveys fast with low costs where participants utilise their own hardware (Paper II).

In order to uncover the usefulness of the tool, an analysis was conducted on a limited dataset which had been collected as a result of a trial of the tool. In an attempt to prove the hypothesis “it is possible to understand how much the dimensions of data collected in specific locations affect the stress of travellers using heart rate as the dependent variable”, data-driven methods of data analysis were explored and utilised. Simple clustering methods, which disregarded any weighting on the dimensions, uncovered if there was any valuable information in the dataset at all. A model had to be created in order to understand better how the different dimensions of the collected data affected the participant (Paper III).

This set of papers should indicate whether this type of method is feasible to pursue with the current means of widely available technology and what sort of significance the collected data might hold when analysed with appropriate analysis methods.

Abstract [sv]

Metoderna för att samla in resedata från dagens resenärer inkorporerar antingen helt manuella eller halvautomatiska element, vilket gör dessa metoder mottagliga för fel. Resenärerna kan svara subjektivt snarare än objektivet eller helt inkorrekt, antingen med eller utan avsikt. För vissa typer av studier så är dessa metoder fortfarande meningsfulla att använda för datainsamling. Men för särskilda målgrupper kan det vara svårt att svara på undersökningar som använder dessa metoder, antingen på grund av fysiologiska eller psykologiska begränsningar.

En av dessa målgrupper, som är stadigt växande, är den äldre befolkningen generellt, men framförallt demenspatienter, som lider av sviktande kognitiva förmågor och minne. Dessa tillstånd påverkar den svarandes förmåga att svara sanningsenligt och korret. Men i strävan efter att skapa mer tillgängliga stadsmiljöer så är informationen angående behovet och beteendet hos den nämnda målgruppen av yttersta vikt, vilket innebär att nya metoder för att samla in resedata behöver skapas.

De tre artiklar som har inkluderats i denna avhandling presenterar utvecklingen och försökstestandet av en ny metod för helt automatisk datainsamling med användandet av biometriska data som en dimension. Metoden försöker att avgöra hur den svarande blir påverkad av element de stöter på medan de reser, såsom det byggda samhället, baserat på variationer i den biometriska datadimensionen.

Med de snabba framstegen inom informations- och kommunikationsteknik så har nya artefakter som öppnar för nya möjliga metoder av datainsamling lanserats och är allmänt tillgängliga. Dessa metoder och artefakter är inte kapabla till att möta de krav som ställs för den typ av datainsamlingsmetod som krävs för att kunna tillgodose målgruppen på egen hand. Men genom att kombinera flera typer av de nu tillgängliga artefakterna och metoderna så är det teoretiskt möjligt att täcka luckorna som finns i varje artefakt och metod för att skapa en mer mångsidig metod för datainsamling (Artikel I).

Sådana metoder kräver verktyg för att fysiskt operationaliseras. En explorativ utvecklingsprocess har lett till skapandet av ett mjukvaruverktyg som skulle kunna användas med flera typer av konsumenttillgänglig hårdvara, vilket betyder att det skulle vara teoretiskt möjligt att genomföra stora undersökningar snabbt med låga kostnader där deltagarna använder sin egen hårdvara (Artikel II).

För att förstå användbarheten av verktyget så gjordes en analys på ett begränsat data-set som hade blivit insamlat som ett resultat av ett försökstestande av verktyget. I ett försök att bevisa hypotesen ”det är möjligt att förstå hur mycket dimensionerna av data som samlats in vid specifika platser påverkar stressen hos resenärer med hjälp av puls som den beroende variabeln” så utforskades och användes data-drivna metoder av dataanalys. Enkla metoder, som inte la någon särskild vikt vid någon särskild dimension, användes för att visa om det fanns någon värdefull information i data-setet överhuvudtaget. En modell behövde skapas för att bättre förstå hur de olika dimensionerna av den insamlade datan påverkar deltagaren (Artikel III).

Denna samling artiklar är tänkt att ge en indikation på om denna typ av metodik är rimlig att fortsätta utveckla givet de nu tillgängliga teknologierna och vilken sorts signifikans den insamlade datan kan innehålla när den har analyserats med lämpliga analysmetoder.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Stockholm: KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 2019. p. 26
Series
TRITA-ABE-DLT ; 1941
National Category
Transport Systems and Logistics Human Computer Interaction Other Engineering and Technologies
Research subject
Transport Science, Transport Systems
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-262880 (URN)978-91-7873-352-1 (ISBN)
Presentation
2019-11-18, E2, Lindstedtsvägen 3, Stockholm, 10:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Funder
EU, Horizon 2020, 769980
Available from: 2019-10-22 Created: 2019-10-22 Last updated: 2025-02-18Bibliographically approved

Open Access in DiVA

Built Environment Characteristics, Daily Travel, and Biometric Readings: Creation of an Experimental Tool based on a Smartwatch Platform(651 kB)282 downloads
File information
File name FULLTEXT01.pdfFile size 651 kBChecksum SHA-512
0b824fbe0c5f4cbbdffd80648c6e14444463d91fe6c70704a058935b036e419a0cc290dbf0e2535fdb03d8a7e5d3137c67c30a63aea1dcf098a136213857cc7e
Type fulltextMimetype application/pdf

Search in DiVA

By author/editor
Palmberg, Robin C. O.Susilo, Yusak O.Gidofalvi, GyözöNaqavi, Fatemeh
By organisation
System Analysis and EconomicsGeoinformatics
Transport Systems and LogisticsHuman Computer InteractionOther Engineering and Technologies

Search outside of DiVA

GoogleGoogle Scholar
Total: 282 downloads
The number of downloads is the sum of all downloads of full texts. It may include eg previous versions that are now no longer available

urn-nbn

Altmetric score

urn-nbn
Total: 734 hits
CiteExportLink to record
Permanent link

Direct link
Cite
Citation style
  • apa
  • ieee
  • modern-language-association-8th-edition
  • vancouver
  • Other style
More styles
Language
  • de-DE
  • en-GB
  • en-US
  • fi-FI
  • nn-NO
  • nn-NB
  • sv-SE
  • Other locale
More languages
Output format
  • html
  • text
  • asciidoc
  • rtf