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Investigation on the self-healing capabilties of asphaltic materials using neutron imaging
KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), Civil and Architectural Engineering, Structural Engineering and Bridges.
2021 (English)Licentiate thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Bitumen acts as a binding agent in asphalt mixtures where it binds the aggregates together. It is known for its potential to heal small cracks and recover its mechanical properties under the right conditions. Though this self-healing property is known, there is currently a lack of knowledge about the mechanisms that drive the process. To optimize the use of this material for pavement design, the healing ability should be better understood and controlled. In this work, it is investigated how neutron imaging can be used to increase the understanding of the mechanisms behind the self-healing in bitumen. As a first step, the sample size requirement set by the measurement technique was determined. In order to detect micro cracks in bitumen by using this technique, the sample must be sufficiently small to allow neutron transmission. On the other hand, too small samples would complicate the structural analysis of the material since less information would be possible to obtain. Bitumen with different dimensions were scanned with neutrons to determine the maximum sample thickness. This work was followed by evaluating the healing capability of fractured bitumen and mastic samples, by using time series neutron tomography. The studied samples had a varying combination of hydrated lime (HL) filler concentration, crack volume, and contact area between the broken pieces. The data acquired from the time series tomography scans was analyzed using a three-dimensional analysis procedure including denoising, segmentation and volume measurements. From the volumetric analysis, it appeared that the initial crack size and crack shape have a large impact on the healing rate. It was found that bitumen, mastic with 20%, and 30% filler content had a similar healing behavior for relatively small crack volumes. When increasing the content of HL in the mastic, the healing rate decreases exponentially, with a drastic decrease after reaching a filler content of about 30%.

Abstract [sv]

Bitumen fungerar som bindemedel i asfaltsblandningar där det binder ihop stenaggregaten. Bitumen är känd för sin förmåga att läka små sprickor och återfå sina mekaniska egenskaper under rätt förutsättningar. Trots att den självläkande egenskapen är välkänd, råder det idag en brist på kunskap om de mekanismer som ligger bakom denna process. För att optimera användandet av bitumen för vägbeläggningar behövs en bättre förståelse kring denna läkande egenskap. I detta projekt undersöks det hur neutronavbildning kan användas för att öka förståelsen kring de mekanismer som ligger bakom den självläkande egenskapen hos bitumen. Som ett första steg bestämdes provstorlekskravet för denna analysteknik. För att möjliggöra detekteringen av små sprickor i bitumen genom att använda denna teknik måste provmaterialet vara tillräckligt tunt för att neutronerna ska kunna transmitteras genom materialet. Allt för små provstorlekar skulle, å andra sidan, försvåra analysen av materialets struktur då informationen man kan erhålla blir mer begränsad. Bitumen med olika provstorlekar skannades med neutroner för att bestämma den maximala provtjockleken. Därefter analyserades den självläkande förmågan hos brutna bitumen- och bitumenmastixprover med tidsserie neutrontomografi. Prover med olika mängder av kalciumhydroxidfiller i bitumenblandningen, olika storlek på sprickvolymen och kontaktytan mellan de brutna provdelarna studerades. Data erhållna från experimenten användes för att göra en 3-dimensionell analys som inkluderade brusreducering av bilder, segmentering och volymmätningar. Från volymanalyserna konstaterades det att den initiala sprickstorleken och sprickformen har en stor inverkan på läkningstakten. Bitumen, mastix med 20%, och 30% filler-additiv uppvisade liknande läkningsegenskaper för relativt små sprickstorlekar. Vid en ökning av mängden filler material i mastixen minskar läkningstakten exponentiellt, med en drastisk minskning när man passerar en filler-koncentration på runt 30%.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Stockholm: KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 2021. , p. 29
Series
TRITA-ABE-DLT ; 2021:218
Keywords [en]
Self-healing, bituminous materials, neutron imaging, sample size effect, reconstruction, image processing, volumetric analysis
National Category
Infrastructure Engineering Materials Engineering
Research subject
Civil and Architectural Engineering, Structural Engineering and Bridges
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-291114ISBN: 978-91-7873-813-7 (print)OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-291114DiVA, id: diva2:1532427
Presentation
2021-03-25, Via Zoom, https://kth-se.zoom.us/j/67023498031, Stockholm, 12:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Funder
Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research
Note

QC 210303

Available from: 2021-03-03 Created: 2021-03-01 Last updated: 2022-06-25Bibliographically approved
List of papers
1. Investigation on the optimal bitumen sample dimensions for neutron imaging
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Investigation on the optimal bitumen sample dimensions for neutron imaging
(English)Manuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Studying the microstructural changes in bituminous materials could help to increase our knowledge about the self-healing nature of bitumen. The feasibility of using neutron imaging to analyze the healing process in bitumen was investigated here. In order to detect microcracks in bitumen by using this technique, the sample must be sufficiently small to allow neutron transmission. On the other hand, too small samples would not be relevant to use for mechanical testing before scanning with neutrons, where the cracks to be studied are initiated. A series of neutron computed tomography experiments with bitumen samples of different sizes were performed to identify the maximum sample dimensions. After reconstructing the data, it was found that 6-mm thick samples would be advantageous to use. This sample size also meets the requirement of the minimal size needed to observe the sample behavior.

Keywords
Bituminous materials, neutron imaging, sample size effect, reconstruction
National Category
Infrastructure Engineering Subatomic Physics
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-291130 (URN)
Funder
Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research
Note

QC 20210304

Available from: 2021-03-02 Created: 2021-03-02 Last updated: 2025-02-14Bibliographically approved
2. Investigating the healing behavior of bitumen using neutron tomography
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Investigating the healing behavior of bitumen using neutron tomography
(English)Manuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Bitumen is an important material for asphaltic roads that contributes significantly to the overall sustainability of our transportation infrastructure. Though most bitumen sources have an intrinsic self-healing ability, its causes and dominant parameters are largely unknown. To optimize the use of this fossil-based material and, at the same time, reduce road maintenance needs, this ability to self-heal micro-cracks should be better understood and controlled. In this paper, the possibilities that neutron scattering can give for this purpose are further explored. For this purpose, damage healing in bitumen and mastic samples with three different amount of hydrated lime (HL) filler, 20, 30, and 50 wt.%, were investigated. Neutron computed tomography (CT) was used to observe the healing process during 5 h using time-series volumetric analysis. The image data allowed to analyze the changes in crack volume over time. It was found that bitumen, mastic with 20%, and 30% filler content had a similar damage repairing performance for small cracks. Mastic with 50% filler content showed a remarkably slower healing rate due to the stiffening of the mastic at higher filler concentrations. From the volumetric analysis, it also appeared that the initial crack size and crack shape have a large impact on the healing behavior.

National Category
Infrastructure Engineering Other Materials Engineering Applied Mechanics
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-291131 (URN)
Funder
Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research
Note

QC 20210304

Available from: 2021-03-02 Created: 2021-03-02 Last updated: 2022-06-25Bibliographically approved

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