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Computing Equivalent hydropower models in Sweden using inflow clustering
KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS).
KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Electrical Engineering, Electric Power and Energy Systems.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-8905-3277
KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Electrical Engineering, Electric Power and Energy Systems.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-8189-2420
2023 (English)In: Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Electrical Energy Systems, ICEES 2023 / [ed] Thiyagarajan, V Selvan, NBM Raj, MD, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) , 2023, p. 613-618Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

To simulate a hydropower system, one can use what s known as a Detailed model. However, due to the complexity of river systems, this is often a computationally heavy task. Equivalent models, which aim to reproduce the result of a Detailed model, are used to significantly reduce the computation time for large-scale hydropower simulations. This paper computes Equivalent models for hydropower systems in Sweden by categorizing the water inflow data using a spectral clustering method. Computing the Equivalent models is done using a variant of the particle swarm optimization algorithm. Then, the Equivalent models are evaluated based on their similarity to the Detailed model in terms of power production and objective value. The Equivalent models range from 8% - 12% error in terms of the relative power production difference and the computation time is reduced by at least 99.9%.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) , 2023. p. 613-618
National Category
Electrical Engineering, Electronic Engineering, Information Engineering
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-325145DOI: 10.1109/ICEES57979.2023.10110275ISI: 000995217600116Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85160020689OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-325145DiVA, id: diva2:1747895
Conference
9th International Conference on Electrical Energy Systems (ICEES), MAR 23-25, 2023, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar Coll Engn, Chennai, INDIA
Note

QC 20231122

Available from: 2023-03-31 Created: 2023-03-31 Last updated: 2023-11-22Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Hydropower Area Equivalents: Reduced Models for Efficient Simulation of Large-Scale Hydropower Systems
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Hydropower Area Equivalents: Reduced Models for Efficient Simulation of Large-Scale Hydropower Systems
2023 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

With over 4000 TWh yearly electricity production worldwide, hydropower plays an important role in many power systems. Unlike many other renewable energy sources, hydropower has a certain degree of controllability and high levels of flexibility over several time scales. This flexibility is estimated to be integral for the transition of the energy systems towards more variable renewable energies and thus reducing greenhouse gas emissions. 

Given the important role that hydropower currently plays and is expected to play in future power systems, accurate models of hydropower are vital. As hydropower electricity production is a non-convex function of the discharge with for example non-linear head dependencies and forbidden zones of operation, detailed models of real hydropower systems quickly become computationally heavy. Even linear models with high numbers of interconnected stations are often too complex for large-scale power system models. For this reason, reduced or aggregated models of hydropower are commonly used to simulate its operation in different power system models. 

Due to the temporal and spatial connections in many hydropower systems with large rivers, the aggregation of hydropower can pose significant challenges. This means that aggregation from historical data might not be good enough to accurately simulate the hydropower operation. However, accurate reduced models of hydropower are still needed for long-term current and future studies of energy systems worldwide. In this thesis, the basic assumption is that the simplified reduced hydropower model should mimic the real hydropower operation. Thus, instead of aggregating the existing hydropower stations within a certain geographical area, one computes a new hydropower area Equivalent model with the aim to match the simulated power production of a more Detailed model of the real hydro system in that area. 

In this work, the area Equivalent models are calculated by computing the model parameter values. Here, this is mainly done based on a bilevel optimization problem formulation. In this thesis, different methods to compute the area Equivalents are proposed together with different model formulations and bilevel problem formulations. These are all compared using case studies of Swedish hydropower systems. Moreover, a Baseline aggregation method is outlined and compared to the developed area Equivalents. 

The studies presented in this thesis highlight the potential trade-offs in the accuracy of the area Equivalent model. Some problem formulations give a higher accuracy in hourly power production, others in peak power production or total power production over the simulation period. All area Equivalents perform better than the Baseline aggregation. In general, the average error in hourly power production is reduced by 50% using the area Equivalent compared to the Baseline aggregation. Moreover, they all successfully reduce the simulation time compared to the reference Detailed model with over 96%.

Abstract [sv]

Med mer än 4000 TWh årlig elproduktion värden över, spelar vattenkraft en viktig roll i många kraftsystem. Till skillnad från många andra förnyelsebara energikällor har vattenkraft en viss grad av styrbarhet och en hög nivå av flexibilitet över flera tidsskalor. Denna flexibilitet kan antas ha en stor betydelse för energisystemens övergång till mer varierande förnyelsebar energi och därmed även minska växthusgasutsläppen. 

Givet den viktiga roll som vattenkraften har idag och även väntas fortsätta ha i framtida kraftsystem så är exakta modeller av vattenkraft nödvändiga. Eftersom vattenkraftens elproduktion är en icke-linjär funktion av tappningen med till exempel icke-linjära fallhöjdsberoenden och förbjuda driftszoner, blir detaljerade vattenkraftsmodeller snabbt beräkningstunga. Även linjära modeller med många sammankopplade stationer är ofta för komplexa för storskaliga kraftsystemsmodeller. Till följd av detta används ofta reducerade eller aggregerade modeller av vattenkraften för att simulera dess drift i olika kraftsystemsmodeller. 

På grund av tidsmässiga och hydrologiska kopplingar i många vattenkraftssystem med stora älvar kan aggregering av vattenkraft utgöra signifikanta utmaningar. Det innebär att en aggregering baserat på historiska data kanske inte är tillräckligt bra för att exakt simulera vattenkraftsdriften. Likväl behövs fortfarande exakta reducerade modeller av vattenkraft för långsiktiga studier av nuvarande och framtida energisystem världen över. I den här avhandlingen är det grundläggande antagandet att den förenklade och reducerade vattenkraftsmodellen ska spegla den verkliga vattenkraftsdriften. Därför, istället för att aggregera de existerande vattenkraftsstationerna inom ett visst geografiskt område, ska man beräkna en ny vattenkrafts-area-Ekvivalent som har som mål att matcha den simulerade kraftproduktionen från en mer Detaljerad modell av det verkliga vattenkraftssystemet i det området. 

I det här arbetet beräknas area-Ekvivalenterna genom värdena på modellparametrarna. Här görs detta främst genom ett optimeringsproblem med två nivåer. I den här avhandlingen föreslås olika metoder för att beräkna area-Ekvivalenterna tillsammans med olika modellformuleringar och formuleringar av två-nivå-optimeringen. Alla dessa jämförs i olika fallstudier av svenska vattenkraftssystem. Dessutom beskrivs en metod för en Bas-aggregering som också jämförs med de utvecklade area-Ekvivalenterna. 

Studierna presenterade i den här avhandlingen visar på potentiella avvägningningar mellan olika typer av exakthet hos den Ekvivalenta modellen. Vissa problemformuleringar ger en högre grad av exakthet i timproduktion, andra i topproduktion eller total produktion över simuleringsperioden. Alla områdes Ekvivalenter presterar bättre än Bas-aggregeringen, överlag minskar felet i timproduktion med 50% för områdes Ekvivalenterna jämfört med Bas-aggregeringen. Dessutom lyckas de alla minska simuleringstiden jämfört med den Detaljerade referensmodellen med över 96%.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Stockholm: KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 2023. p. 109
Series
TRITA-EECS-AVL ; 2023:25
Keywords
Area Equivalent, Aggregation, Bilevel optimization, Large-scale hydropower, Power system simulation, Reduced model, Area-Ekvivalent, Aggregering, Två-nivå-optimering, Storskalig vattenkraft, Kraftsystemssimulering, Reducerad modell
National Category
Other Electrical Engineering, Electronic Engineering, Information Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-325147 (URN)978-91-8040-523-2 (ISBN)
Public defence
2023-04-27, Kollegiesalen, Brinellvägen 8, 13:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Note

QC 20230403

Available from: 2023-04-03 Created: 2023-04-01 Last updated: 2023-04-03Bibliographically approved

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Lilja, DanielBlom, EvelinSöder, Lennart

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