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Peer feedback with support of digital technology in visual art education
KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Learning, Digital Learning. (Digitalt Lärande, Digital Learning)ORCID iD: 0000-0002-3844-2854
2023 (English)Licentiate thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

This licentiate thesis focuses on the development of the idea process in art education using digital peer feedback. In the school subject visual art, the visual idea process, e.g., when students sketch their ideas, is an important phase in a project. When an idea takes form, there is the possibility for considering the idea in a new way, for others to study and discuss it, and most importantly, for generating new ideas. By digitally sharing their visual idea process and providing feedback, students can become more aware of their own and others' creative processes. Peer feedback in this thesis leans on two theories. The first is self-regulated learning, meaning that students formulate goals and identify needs (both their own and others’) when learning. In the feedback activity, the student is responsible for their own idea and for the visual feedback given to other students. They also receive valuable input when providing feedback. The second feedback theory is social constructivism and the zone of proximal development, i.e., the difference between what students accomplish in learning with the help of others and what students accomplish by themselves. In this study it is shown (by focusing on the social aspects of peer feedback) that when students help others, they develop their own products far more than they might have done if working individually. On two occasions, I observed and investigated how students (an eighth-grade and sixth-grade class) developed and digitally shared visual ideas supported by digital peer feedback. Thematic analysis was used on data gathered on both occasions (i.e. in both iterations of the study) to identify different types of feedback provided by students. In the first iteration, the feedback was in written form, and through analysis, five themes were created that described different types of peer feedback. In the second iteration, feedback was provided using various visual techniques, and through the analysis, four themes were formed. In each iteration of the study, four categories were created to describe the degree of change between the first and final sketches. The results suggest that using digital tools and peer feedback activities in visual art could help improve students’ abilities to develop ideas. The methodological contribution of this research is its new use of peer feedback using visual feedback. With this form of feedback, students stayed within one medium, using a sign system to communicate visual solutions on the sketches of other students. At the same time, they received practical tips and direct advice that they could immediately apply to their sketches. 

Abstract [sv]

Den här licentiatuppsatsen fokuserar på att utveckla idéprocessen i bildundervisning med hjälp av digital kamratfeedback. I skolämnet bild är den visuella idéprocessen, till exempel när elever skissar sina idéer, en viktig fas i ett projekt. När en idé får en form blir det möjligt att betrakta den, för andra att studera och granska, och kanske viktigast av allt, att generera nya idéer. Genom att digitalt dela med sig av sin visuella idéprocess och ge feedback kan elever bli mer medvetna om sina egna och andras kreativa processer. Kamratfeedback, peer feedback, i uppsatsen lutar sig mot två teorier. Den ena är själv-reglerat lärande, vilket innebär att formulera mål och identifiera behov i lärandet. I feedbackaktiviteten är eleven ansvarig för den egna idén och för den feedback som ges till andra elever. Eleverna får också värdefull input när de ger feedback. Den andra teorin är socialkonstruktivism och den proximala utvecklingszonen, dvs. skillnaden mellan vad elever åstadkommer i lärandet med hjälp av andra och vad elever åstadkommer på egen hand. Den här studien (som fokuserar på de sociala aspekterna av kamratfeedback) visar att när elever hjälper andra utvecklar de sin idé mycket mer än vad de skulle ha gjort om de hade arbetat individuellt. I två omgångar undersöktes hur elever i åttonde och sjätte klass utvecklar och digitalt delar visuella idéer med stöd av digital kamratfeedback. Inspiration från tematisk analys användes i båda omgångarna för att identifiera olika typer av feedback från eleverna. I den första användes skriftlig feedback, och genom analysen skapades fem teman som beskrev olika typer av elevernas feedback. I den andra omgången gav eleverna varandra feedback i form av olika visuella tekniker, och i analysarbetet skapades fyra teman. I båda omgångarna bedömdes graden av förändring mellan den första och den sista skissen. Fyra kategorier skapades i varje omgång. Resultaten tyder på att det skulle kunna vara fördelaktigt för elevernas förmåga att utveckla idéer med hjälp av digitala teknologier och kamratfeedback-aktiviteter i bild. Den digitala delningen underlättade för eleverna att dela och granska varandras idéarbeten och feedback. Det metodologiska bidraget från denna licentiatuppsats är att kamratfeedback har använts på ett nytt sätt, visuell feedback. Genom att stanna kvar i ämnets visuella språk och kommunicera feedback visuellt återanvändes föremål och former i den ursprungliga skissen.  

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Stockholm: KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 2023. , p. 62
Series
TRITA-ITM-AVL ; 2023:24
Keywords [en]
Peer feedback, digital technology, visual idea process, visual art education, K-12 education
Keywords [sv]
Kamratfeedback, digitala verktyg, visuell idéprocess, bildämnet, grundskolan
National Category
Learning Media and Communications
Research subject
Technology and Learning
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-335478ISBN: 978-91-8040-705-2 (print)OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-335478DiVA, id: diva2:1794946
Presentation
2023-09-29, E 32 / https://kth-se.zoom.us/j/68297533404, Lindstedtsvägen 3, KTH, Stockholm, 13:00 (Swedish)
Opponent
Supervisors
Available from: 2023-09-07 Created: 2023-09-06 Last updated: 2023-09-15Bibliographically approved
List of papers
1. Digital peer feedback on visual ideas: a study of eighth-grade students in visual art
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Digital peer feedback on visual ideas: a study of eighth-grade students in visual art
2023 (English)In: Interactive Learning Environments, ISSN 1049-4820, p. 1-18Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

This article focuses on developing the idea process in visual art education by using digital peer feedback. In the school subject visual art, the visual idea process, e.g. when students sketch their ideas, is an important phase in a project. When an idea takes form, there is the possibility for considering the idea in a new way, for others to study and discuss it, and most importantly, for generating new ideas. By digitally sharing their visual ideas and providing feedback, students might become more aware of their own and others' processes. This study aimed to explore how eighth-grade students develop and share visual ideas supported by digital peer feedback. Thematic analysis was used to identify different types of feedback provided by students. A qualitative survey was used to investigate student perceptions of the feedback. Many students appreciated receiving feedback from peers. Some students made significant or minor changes to their visual ideas based on the peer feedback, while other students abandoned their initial sketches and created entirely new ones, or did not make any changes to their initial idea. These results suggest that giving and receiving peer feedback is something that needs to be practiced in different specific school subjects. 

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Informa UK Limited, 2023
National Category
Learning
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-327826 (URN)10.1080/10494820.2022.2164785 (DOI)000932090800001 ()2-s2.0-85148241343 (Scopus ID)
Note

QC 20230613

Available from: 2023-05-31 Created: 2023-05-31 Last updated: 2023-09-07Bibliographically approved
2. Visual Peer Feedback using a digital space: A study of sixth-grade students in the visual arts classroom
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Visual Peer Feedback using a digital space: A study of sixth-grade students in the visual arts classroom
(English)Manuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

This article focuses on visual peer feedback, the idea process in visual arts education, and how this process was shared digitally. In the study, sixth-grade students gave each other visual feedback on their sketches in an assignment in pictorial composition. Visual feedback is understood here as direct interaction with copies of the original composition, given by adding and/or revising elements, which differs from traditional peer feedback that is mainly textual. The aim of the study was to investigate how students can develop their idea process by giving and receiving visual peer feedback, and how students can share their ideas and the feedback digitally. Thematic analysis was used to identify different techniques of visual communication given in the feedback, and a survey was used to map how the students perceived the feedback process. Most students engaged in the feedback process by reusing the objects or the shapes of the objects in the original sketch in new compositions using various techniques like cutting, sketching, and coloring. Most students found the peer feedback activity useful and appreciated studying and developing the work of their peers.

Keywords
visual visual peer feedback, visual idea process, digital sharing, visual arts education, K-12 education
National Category
Media and Communications
Research subject
Technology and Learning
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-335463 (URN)
Note

QC 20230908

Available from: 2023-09-06 Created: 2023-09-06 Last updated: 2023-09-08Bibliographically approved
3. Digital kamratåterkoppling på visuella idéer i bild
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Digital kamratåterkoppling på visuella idéer i bild
2024 (Swedish)In: Bild och visuell kultur, Studentlitteratur AB, 2024Chapter in book (Other academic)
Abstract [sv]

DET HÄR KAPITLET tar upp hur strukturerad kamratåterkoppling kan utveckla elevernas visuella idéer i bild med hjälp av digitala verktyg. Det undervisningsupplägg som presenteras är en uppgift där eleverna gör självporträtt i form av fotografiska stilleben och ger varandra återkoppling redan under skissarbetet och inte på den färdiga produkten. Två typer av återkoppling diskuteras, visuell och textbaserad. Båda modellerna är fördelaktiga att använda för att stärka elevernas idéutveckling vilket framhävs i grundskolans kursplan för bildämnet. 

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Studentlitteratur AB, 2024
Keywords
kamratåterkoppling, visuella idéer, digitala verktyg, bildämnet
National Category
Media and Communications
Research subject
Technology and Learning
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-335464 (URN)
Note

QC 20230908

Available from: 2023-09-06 Created: 2023-09-06 Last updated: 2024-08-23Bibliographically approved

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Forslind, Eva-Lena

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