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Sunward flows in the magnetosheath associated with the magnetic pressure gradient and magnetosheath expansion
Heliophysics Division, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, United States; Department of Physics, The Catholic University of America, Washington, DC, United States.
Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Heliophysics Division, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, United States; Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States.
Department of Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
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2025 (English)In: Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences, E-ISSN 2296-987X, Vol. 12, article id 1574577Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

A density structure within the magnetic cloud of an interplanetary coronal mass ejection impacted Earth and caused significant perturbations in plasma boundaries. Using spacecraft data, we describe the effects of this structure on the magnetosheath plasma downstream of the bow shock. During this event, the bow shock breathing motion is evident due to changes in the upstream dynamic pressure. A magnetic enhancement forms in the inner magnetosheath and ahead of a plasma compression region. The structure exhibits characteristics of a fast magnetosonic shock wave, propagating earthward and perpendicular to the background magnetic field and further accelerating the already heated magnetosheath plasma. Following these events, a sunward motion of the magnetosheath plasma is observed. Ion distributions show that both the high-density core population and the high-energy tail of the distribution of the distribution propagate sunward, indicating that the sunward flows are caused by magnetic field line expansion in the very low (Formula presented.) magnetosheath plasma. Rarefaction effects and enhancement of the magnetic pressure in the magnetosheath result in magnetic pressure gradient forcing, which drives the expansion of magnetosheath magnetic field lines. This picture is supported by a reasonable agreement between the estimated plasma accelerations and the magnetic pressure gradient force.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Frontiers Media SA , 2025. Vol. 12, article id 1574577
Keywords [en]
bow shock, interplanetary coronal mass ejection, magnetosheath, shocks, solar wind, space plasmas, space weather
National Category
Fusion, Plasma and Space Physics Astronomy, Astrophysics and Cosmology Geophysics
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-364438DOI: 10.3389/fspas.2025.1574577ISI: 001500492600001Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-105007148510OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-364438DiVA, id: diva2:1968254
Note

QC 20250613

Available from: 2025-06-12 Created: 2025-06-12 Last updated: 2025-06-13Bibliographically approved

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Karlsson, Tomas

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