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Temporal and spatial evolution of discrete auroral arcs as seen by Cluster
KTH, Skolan för elektro- och systemteknik (EES), Centra, Alfvénlaboratoriet.
KTH, Skolan för elektro- och systemteknik (EES), Rymd- och plasmafysik.ORCID-id: 0000-0002-1594-1861
KTH, Skolan för elektro- och systemteknik (EES), Rymd- och plasmafysik.ORCID-id: 0000-0003-1270-1616
KTH, Skolan för elektro- och systemteknik (EES), Centra, Alfvénlaboratoriet.
Vise andre og tillknytning
2005 (engelsk)Inngår i: Annales Geophysicae, ISSN 0992-7689, E-ISSN 1432-0576, Vol. 23, nr 7, s. 2531-2557Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert) Published
Abstract [en]

Two event studies are presented in this paper where intense convergent electric fields, with mapped intensities up to 1350 mV/m, are measured in the auroral upward current region by the Cluster spacecraft, at altitudes between 3 and 5 Earth radii. Both events are from May 2003, Southern Hemisphere, with equatorward crossings by the Cluster spacecraft of the pre-midnight auroral oval. Event 1 occurs during the end of the recovery phase of a strong substorm. A system of auroral arcs associated with convergent electric field structures, with a maximum perpendicular potential drop of about similar to 10 kV, and upflowing field-aligned currents with densities of 3 mu A/m(2) (mapped to the ionosphere), was detected at the boundary between the Plasma Sheet Boundary Layer (PSBL) and the Plasma Sheet (PS). The auroral arc structures evolve in shape and in magnitude on a timescale of tens of minutes, merging, broadening and intensifying, until finally fading away after about 50 min. Throughout this time, both the PS region and the auroral arc structure in its poleward part remain relatively fixed in space, reflecting the rather quiet auroral conditions during the end of the substorm. The auroral upward acceleration region is shown for this event to extend beyond 3.9 Earth radii altitude. Event 2 occurs during a more active period associated with the expansion phase of a moderate substorm. Images from the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) F13 spacecraft show that the Cluster spacecraft crossed the horn region of a surge-type aurora. Conjugated with the Cluster spacecraft crossing above the surge horn, the South Pole All Sky Imager recorded the motion and the temporal evolution of an east-west aligned auroral arc, 30 to 50 km wide. Intense electric field variations are measured by the Cluster spacecraft when crossing above the auroral arc structure, collocated with the density gradient at the PS poleward boundary, and coupled to intense upflowing field-aligned currents with mapped densities of up to 20 mu A/m(2). The surge horn consists of multiple arc structures which later merge into one structure and intensify at the PS poleward boundary. The surge horn and the associated PS region moved poleward with a velocity at the ionospheric level of 0.5 km/s, following the large-scale poleward expansion of the auroral oval associated with the substorm expansion phase.

sted, utgiver, år, opplag, sider
2005. Vol. 23, nr 7, s. 2531-2557
Emneord [en]
ionosphere, ionosphere-magnetosphere interacctions, electric fields and currents, particle acceleration
HSV kategori
Identifikatorer
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-14245DOI: 10.5194/angeo-23-2531-2005ISI: 000233568900025Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-27844609325OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-14245DiVA, id: diva2:331864
Merknad
QC 20100727Tilgjengelig fra: 2010-07-27 Laget: 2010-07-27 Sist oppdatert: 2022-06-25bibliografisk kontrollert
Inngår i avhandling
1. Auroral electrodynamics of plasma boundary regions
Åpne denne publikasjonen i ny fane eller vindu >>Auroral electrodynamics of plasma boundary regions
2009 (engelsk)Doktoravhandling, med artikler (Annet vitenskapelig)
Abstract [en]

The electrodynamic coupling between the auroral ionosphere and the magnetosphere is the main subject of this thesis. Satellite measurements of electric and magnetic fields and of charged particles are used to explore three distinct plasma boundaries, magnetically linked to the nightside auroral ionosphere. These boundaries are the inner edge of the plasma sheet (PS), and the inner and the outer edges of the plasma sheet boundary layer (PSBL).

Strong ionospheric electric fields with amplitudes up to 400 mV/m may be observed in the subauroral ionosphere, in the vicinity of the ionospheric projection of the PS inner edge. Intense and dynamic auroral electric fields with local magnitudes up to 150 mV/m associated with upward ion beams and field-aligned currents are observed for the events treated here, at the inner and outer boundaries of the PSBL at an altitude of about 4-5 Earth radii, well above the acceleration region. Subauroral and auroral electric fields are the two main subjects of this thesis.

Subauroral ion drifts (SAID) are associated with poleward electric fields, occurring predominantly in the premidnight region during the substorm recovery phase. The recently revealed abnormal subauroral ion drifts (ASAID) are associated with equatorward electric fields, occurring during extended periods of low auroral activity. The results indicate that the generation mechanism of SAID can neither be regarded as a pure voltage generator nor a pure current generator, but having certain characteristics of both generator types. Ionospheric feedback appears to play a major role for the development and maintenance of the SAID electric fields. The formation of ASAID is proposed to result from the proximity and interaction between different plasma boundaries of the innermost magnetosphere during extended periods of low auroral activity.

The auroral electric fields observed in the upward current region at the PSBL inner and outer edges are associated with upward parallel electric fields, which partially decouple the high-altitude electric fields from the ionosphere. This is in contrast to the subauroral electric fields which are coupled. Multi-point measurements provided by the Cluster mission show that the observed electric fields are highly variable in space and time, revealing various types of acceleration processes. However, they appear to be tied to the boundary where they are originally formed. A case is  presented where they are associated with large electromagnetic energy fluxes directed upward away from the ionosphere. The interaction between the magnetosphere and ionosphere, being more pronounced at plasma boundary regions, is important for the understanding of the formation and regulation of the highly structured auroral electric fields observed in the upward current region.

sted, utgiver, år, opplag, sider
Stockholm: KTH, 2009. s. xii, 74
Serie
Trita-EE, ISSN 1653-5146 ; 2009:027
HSV kategori
Identifikatorer
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-10446 (URN)978-91-7415-317-0 (ISBN)
Disputas
2009-05-29, Sal F3, KTH, Lindstedtsvägen 26, Stockholm, 10:00 (engelsk)
Opponent
Veileder
Merknad
QC 20100727Tilgjengelig fra: 2009-05-14 Laget: 2009-05-14 Sist oppdatert: 2022-08-24bibliografisk kontrollert

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