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Oxidative polymerisation of models for phenolic lignin end-groups by laccase
KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Fibre and Polymer Technology, Wood Chemistry and Pulp Technology.
KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Fibre and Polymer Technology, Wood Chemistry and Pulp Technology.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-4521-1122
University of Helsinki, Department of Chemistry.
KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Fibre and Polymer Technology, Wood Chemistry and Pulp Technology.
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2010 (English)In: Holzforschung, ISSN 0018-3830, E-ISSN 1437-434X, Vol. 64, no 1, p. 21-34Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

The redox enzyme laccase can lead to cross-linking of lignin molecules by oxidising phenolic end groups to resonance-stabilised radicals that can undergo radical coupling to form covalent bonds. This property has potential for many technical applications. However, laccase treatment can also lead to degradation. Experiments were performed with two laccases of different oxidation potential and pH and temperature optima. The predominant reaction following laccase oxidation is the formation of 5-5' and 4-O-5' bonds. If the 5-position is blocked, other reactions occur, including coupling of the 1-position and oxidation of the a-position, which aggravates cross-linking of different lignin molecules. The product profile generated by the two laccases is somewhat different, mainly because of the different pH rather than differences in enzyme activity. Reaction mechanisms and the technical and biological significance of the results are discussed.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2010. Vol. 64, no 1, p. 21-34
Keywords [en]
biotechnology, laccase, lignin, lignin model compound, lignin, polymerisation, phenolic end group, reaction mechanism, flight mass-spectrometry, kraft pulp, mediator, delignification, degradation, quinones, polymers, oxidase, oxygen, ms
National Category
Paper, Pulp and Fiber Technology
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-19138DOI: 10.1515/hf.2010.001ISI: 000273912800004Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-74049119347OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-19138DiVA, id: diva2:337185
Note
QC 20100525Available from: 2010-08-05 Created: 2010-08-05 Last updated: 2024-03-18Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Structural Modifications of Lignosulphonates
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Structural Modifications of Lignosulphonates
2011 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Lignosulphonates are by‐products from the sulphite pulping process for the manufacture ofspecialty dissolving pulps and paper. During the liberation of the cellulose, the lignin isfractionated and solubilised through covalent addition of sulphonic acid groups at variouspositions in the structure. The formed sulphonated lignin, lignosulphonate is then furtherisolated and refined.

The amphiphilic nature of lignosulphonates has enabled them to be used as additives to varioussuspensions to improve their dispersion and stability. The by far largest utilisation oflignosulphonates is as dispersants in concrete. Here, lignosulphonates act by dispersing cementparticles to prevent flocculation, un‐even particle distribution and reduced strengthdevelopment. The dispersion is achieved through steric and electrostatic repulsion of the cementparticles by the lignosulphonate polymer. This behaviour is intimately linked with the overallsize and amount of charged groups in the dispersing polymer. Traditional modifications oflignosulphonates have been limited to removal of sugars, filtration and fractionation. Thesemodifications are not sufficient for utilisation of lignosulphonates in high‐strength concrete. Heresynthetic dispersants and superplasticisers are used which are considerably more efficient evenat low dosages. To compete with these, additional modifications of lignosulphonates are likely tobe necessary. The molecular weight and functional group composition have been identified anddescribed as the most interesting parameters that can be modified.

Currently, no suitable method exists to increase the molecular weight of lignosulphonates.Oxidation by the natural radical initiating enzyme laccase is an interesting tool to achieve suchmodifications. In this thesis several aspects of the mechanism through which this enzyme reactswith lignin and lignosulphonate structures have been elucidated through model compoundstudies. Further studies showed that laccase alone was a highly efficient tool for increasing themolecular weight of commercial lignosulphonates at low dosages and in short incubation times.Immobilisation of the laccase to a solid support to enable re‐utilisation was also investigated.

Modification of functional group composition of lignosulphonates was achieved throughozonolysis and the Fenton’s reagent, a mixture of hydrogen peroxide and iron(II)acetate.Introduction of charged carboxylic groups was achieved through opening of the benzyl rings oflignosulphonates. It was found that a two‐stage process consisting of laccase oxidation followedby ozonolysis was an efficient technique to create a polymer enriched with carboxylic acidgroups with a sufficient molecular size.

Oxidation by the Fenton’s reagent was shown to yield similar modifications as the combinedlaccase/ozonolysis treatment albeit with less pronounced results but with a large level of controlthrough variation of a number of reaction parameters. The Fenton’s reagent can therefore be aninteresting alternative to the aforementioned two‐stage treatment.

These modifications are interesting for large‐scale applications not only because of theirsimplicity in terms of reaction parameters but also because of the ubiquity of the used enzymeand the chemicals in the pulp and paper industry.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Stockholm: KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 2011. p. 55
Series
Trita-CHE-Report, ISSN 1654-1081 ; 2011:26
National Category
Polymer Chemistry
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-32881 (URN)978-91-7415-923-3 (ISBN)
Public defence
2011-05-13, D3, Lindstedsvägen 3, Stockholm, 10:00 (English)
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Note
QC 20110427Available from: 2011-04-27 Created: 2011-04-26 Last updated: 2022-06-24Bibliographically approved

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Li, JiebingGellerstedt, GöranHenriksson, Gunnar

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