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Process development for improved soft X-ray zone plates
KTH, Skolan för teknikvetenskap (SCI), Tillämpad fysik, Biomedicinsk fysik och röntgenfysik.
KTH, Skolan för teknikvetenskap (SCI), Tillämpad fysik, Biomedicinsk fysik och röntgenfysik.
KTH, Skolan för teknikvetenskap (SCI), Tillämpad fysik, Biomedicinsk fysik och röntgenfysik.
KTH, Skolan för teknikvetenskap (SCI), Tillämpad fysik, Biomedicinsk fysik och röntgenfysik.
Visa övriga samt affilieringar
2010 (Engelska)Ingår i: Microelectronic Engineering, ISSN 0167-9317, E-ISSN 1873-5568, Vol. 87, nr 5-8, s. 1583-1586Artikel i tidskrift (Refereegranskat) Published
Abstract [en]

We demonstrate two nanofabrication methods which improve the diffraction efficiency of high-resolution soft X-ray nickel zone plates. First, pulse electroplating is shown to result in uniform diffraction efficiency over the entire zone-plate area. A resulting enhancement of the total efficiency of 20% compared to conventional DC plating was measured. Second, we demonstrate that a high-resolution cold development process can be combined with efficiency-enhancing dry etching into an underlying germanium film. We present 16 nm half-pitch gratings composed of 50 nm nickel on top of 50 nm germanium.

Ort, förlag, år, upplaga, sidor
2010. Vol. 87, nr 5-8, s. 1583-1586
Nyckelord [en]
Zone plate, Electroplating, Diffraction efficiency, microscopy
Nationell ämneskategori
Annan teknik
Identifikatorer
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-19377DOI: 10.1016/j.mee.2009.11.012ISI: 000276300700230Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-76949092001OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-19377DiVA, id: diva2:337424
Anmärkning
QC 20100525 35th International Conference on Micro-and Nano-Engineering, Ghent, BELGIUM, SEP 28-OCT 01, 2009Tillgänglig från: 2010-08-05 Skapad: 2010-08-05 Senast uppdaterad: 2022-06-25Bibliografiskt granskad
Ingår i avhandling
1. High-Resolution Nanostructuring for Soft X-Ray Zone-Plate Optics
Öppna denna publikation i ny flik eller fönster >>High-Resolution Nanostructuring for Soft X-Ray Zone-Plate Optics
2011 (Engelska)Doktorsavhandling, sammanläggning (Övrigt vetenskapligt)
Abstract [en]

Diffractive zone-plate lenses are widely used as optics in high-resolution x-ray microscopes. The achievable resolution in such microscopes is presently not limited by the x-ray wavelength but by limitations in zone-plate nanofabrication. Thus, for the advance of high-resolution x-ray microscopy, progress in zone-plate nanofabrication methods are needed.

 

This Thesis describes the development of new nanofabrication processes for improved x-ray zone-plate optics. Cold development of the electron-beam resist ZEP7000 is applied to improve the resolution of soft x-ray Ni zone plates. The influence of developer temperature on resist contrast, resolution, and pattern quality is investigated. With an optimized process, Ni zone plates with outermost zone widths down to 13 nm are demonstrated. To enhance the diffraction efficiency of Ni zone plates, the concept of Ni-Ge zone plates is introduced. The applicability of Ni-Ge zone plates is first demonstrated in a proof-of-principle experiment, and then extended to cold-developed Ni zone plates with outermost zone widths down to 13 nm. For 15-nm Ni-Ge zone plates a diffraction efficiency of 4.3% at a wavelength of 2.88 nm is achieved, which is about twice the efficiency of state-of-the-art 15-nm Ni zone plates. To further increase both resolution and diffraction efficiency of soft x-ray zone plates, a novel fabrication process for W zone plates is developed. High resolution is provided by salty development of the inorganic electron-beam resist HSQ, and cryogenic RIE in a SF6 plasma is investigated for high-aspect-ratio W structuring. We demonstrate W zone plates with 12-nm outermost zone width and a W height of 90 nm, resulting in a 30% increase in theoretical diffraction efficiency compared to 13-nm efficiency-enhanced Ni-Ge zone plates. In addition to soft x-ray zone plates, some lenses for hard x-ray free-electron-laser applications were also fabricated during this Thesis work. Fabrication processes for the materials W, diamond, and Pt were developed. We demonstrate Pt and W-diamond zone plates with 100-nm outermost zone width and respective diffraction efficiencies of 8.2% and 14.5% at a photon energy of 8 keV.

Ort, förlag, år, upplaga, sidor
Stockholm: KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 2011. s. xii, 70
Serie
Trita-FYS, ISSN 0280-316X ; 2011:55
Nyckelord
zone plates; x-ray optics; x-ray microscopy; high resolution; nanofabrication; electron beam lithography; reactive ion etching; tungsten; nickel; germanium
Nationell ämneskategori
Fysik
Identifikatorer
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-47409 (URN)978-91-7501-175-2 (ISBN)
Disputation
2011-12-02, FA31, Roslagstullsbacken 21, KTH/Albanova, Stockholm, 10:00 (Engelska)
Opponent
Handledare
Anmärkning
QC 20111114Tillgänglig från: 2011-11-14 Skapad: 2011-11-08 Senast uppdaterad: 2022-06-24Bibliografiskt granskad

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Hertz, Hans M.Holmberg, Anders

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Reinspach, JuliaLindblom, Magnusvon Hofsten, OlofBertilson, MichaelHertz, Hans M.Holmberg, Anders
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