kth.sePublications
Change search
CiteExportLink to record
Permanent link

Direct link
Cite
Citation style
  • apa
  • ieee
  • modern-language-association-8th-edition
  • vancouver
  • Other style
More styles
Language
  • de-DE
  • en-GB
  • en-US
  • fi-FI
  • nn-NO
  • nn-NB
  • sv-SE
  • Other locale
More languages
Output format
  • html
  • text
  • asciidoc
  • rtf
Conversion of Industrially Processed Biomass Waste into Value-added Products Using High Temperature Agents
KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering, Energy and Furnace Technology.
KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering, Energy and Furnace Technology.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-1837-5439
KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering, Energy and Furnace Technology.
2011 (English)In: International Conference on Thermal Treatment Technologies and Hazardous Waste Combustors, 2011Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

Biomass can be utilized for energy and chemicals generation, gradually replacing the significance of fossil fuels. In this work the conversion of an industrially processed biomass waste (straw pellets) has been studied by means of High Temperature Steam Gasification (HTSG) and High Temperature Pyrolysis (HTP) at T=750-950oC and at three levels of steam to fuel ratio (S/F): 3.2; 1.875 and 0. The primary objectives are focused on a parametric study in which the emphasis is put on the influence of temperature and S/F on the reaction rate, conversion of carbon to gas, as well as yields, composition and heating value of generated Syngas. The results show the increasing trend in the reaction rate, hydrogen yield and tar cracking with an increase in agent temperature and S/F. However, this growth is significantly increased for the temperatures around 950oC. The yield of gas varied from 1.2 to 1.5 Nm3/kg for HTP to 1.5 to 2.5 Nm3/kg for HTSG and the LHV ranged between 8-13MJ/Nm3. At highest S/F the reduction of CO and hydrocarbons is observed even at 850oC yielding amount of hydrogen by 100% up to 38% compared with a lower S/F. Pyrolysis and lower S/F generated gas suitable for energetic purpose, whereas higher S/F for chemical synthesis.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2011.
National Category
Mechanical Engineering
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-34417Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-80051684077OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-34417DiVA, id: diva2:421095
Conference
International Conference on Thermal Treatment Technologies and Hazardous Waste Combustors (IT3/HWC), May 10-13, 2011, in Jacksonville, FL.
Note
QC 20110607Available from: 2011-06-07 Created: 2011-06-07 Last updated: 2024-03-18Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Conversion of biomass and waste using highly preheated agents for materials and energy recovery
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Conversion of biomass and waste using highly preheated agents for materials and energy recovery
2011 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

One of the greatest challenges of human today is to provide the continuous and sustainable energy supply to the worldwide society. This shall be done while minimizing all the negative consequences of the operation(s) to the environment and its living habitants including human beings, taking from the whole life cycle perspective. In this thesis work new solutions for treatment biomass and waste are analyzed.

 

Based on the fundamental research on the conversion of various materials (biomass: straw pellets, wood pellets; and waste: plastic waste, ASR residues after pyrolysis), converted by means of different systems (pyrolysis in a fluidized bed reactor, gasification in a fixed-bed reactor using highly preheated agents) it is recommended to classify materials against their charring properties under pyrolysis, in order to find the best destination for a given type of fuel. 

 

Based on phenomenological research it was found that one of the important effects, affecting performance of downdraft gasifiers, is the pressure drop through the bed and grate. It affects, directly, the velocity profile, temperature distribution and of the height of the bed, especially for the grate with restricted passage surface, although it was not investigated in literature. The lower grate porosity, the higher conversion of fuel and heating value of gas is produced. However, the stability of the process is disturbed; therefore reducing the grate porosity below 20% is not recommended, unless the system is designed to overtake the consequences of the rising pressure inside the reactor. This work proposed the method for prediction of a total pressure drop through the fixed-bed downdraft gasifier equipped with a grate of certain porosity with an uncertainty of prediction ±7.10.  

 

Three systems have been proposed; one for the treatment of automotive shredder residue (ASR), one for the treatment of plastic waste (polyolefins) and one for biomass (wood/straw pellets). Pyrolysis is an attractive mean of conversion of non-charring materials (like plastic waste) into valuable hydrocarbons feedstock. It gives directly 15-30% gaseous olefins while the residue consisting of naphtha-like feedstock has to be reformed/upgraded to olefins or other chemicals (e.g. gasoline generation) using available petrochemical technologies. Pyrolysis of complex waste mixture such as ASR is an attractive waste pretreatment method before applying any further treatments, whereby useful products are generated (gaseous and liquid fuel) and char, rich in precious metals. The solid residues are meant for further treatment for energy and metals recovery. Gasification is a complementary method for handling pyrolysis residues. However, metals can be removed before gasification. Pyrolysis of charring materials, like biomass, is a very important step in thermo-chemical conversion. However, the char being approximately 25%wt. contains still very high caloric value of about 30MJ/kg. This in connection with the High Temperature Steam Gasification process is a very promising technology for biomass treatment, especially, above 900oC. This enhances the heat transfer towards the sample and accelerates kinetics of the gasification. This, in turn, improves the conversion of carbon to gas, increases the yield of the producer gas and reduces tar content. At higher steam to fuel ratio the process increases the yield of hydrogen, making it suitable for second-generation biofuels synthesis, whereas at lower steam to fuel ratio (S/F<2) the generated gas is of high calorific value making it suitable for power generation in a combined cycle.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Stockholm: KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 2011. p. 115
Keywords
biomass, waste, pyrolysis, gasification, ASR
National Category
Metallurgy and Metallic Materials
Research subject
SRA - Energy
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-34253 (URN)978-91-7501-033-5 (ISBN)
Public defence
2011-06-15, D3 (entreplan), Lindstedtsvägen 5, KTH, Stockholm, 10:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Funder
StandUp
Note

QC 20110607

Available from: 2011-06-07 Created: 2011-05-30 Last updated: 2022-06-24Bibliographically approved

Open Access in DiVA

No full text in DiVA

Scopus

Authority records

Yang, WeihongWlodzimierz, Blasiak

Search in DiVA

By author/editor
Donaj, Pawel J.Yang, WeihongWlodzimierz, Blasiak
By organisation
Energy and Furnace Technology
Mechanical Engineering

Search outside of DiVA

GoogleGoogle Scholar

urn-nbn

Altmetric score

urn-nbn
Total: 390 hits
CiteExportLink to record
Permanent link

Direct link
Cite
Citation style
  • apa
  • ieee
  • modern-language-association-8th-edition
  • vancouver
  • Other style
More styles
Language
  • de-DE
  • en-GB
  • en-US
  • fi-FI
  • nn-NO
  • nn-NB
  • sv-SE
  • Other locale
More languages
Output format
  • html
  • text
  • asciidoc
  • rtf