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History effects and near-equilibrium in adverse-pressure-gradient turbulent boundary layers
KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Centres, Linné Flow Center, FLOW. KTH, Centres, SeRC - Swedish e-Science Research Centre. KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Mechanics.ORCID iD: 0000-0001-9833-9560
KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Centres, Linné Flow Center, FLOW. KTH, Centres, SeRC - Swedish e-Science Research Centre. KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Mechanics.
KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Mechanics. KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Centres, Linné Flow Center, FLOW.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-1663-3553
KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Mechanics. KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Centres, Linné Flow Center, FLOW. KTH, Centres, SeRC - Swedish e-Science Research Centre.ORCID iD: 0000-0001-9627-5903
(English)Manuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

This study deals with turbulent boundary layers under adverse-pressure gradients. Well-resolved large-eddy simulations (LES) were performed to assess the influence of the streamwise pressure development. The pressure gradient is imposed by prescribing the free-stream velocity in the free-stream above the layer. In order to fulfill the near-equilibrium conditions, the free-stream velocity has to follow a power-law distribution. The turbulence statistics pertaining tocases with a constant Clauser pressure-gradient parameter β were compared with cases with a non-constant pressure distribution at matched β and friction Reynolds number  Reτ. It was noticed that the non-constant cases appear toconverge slowly to a certain state of the boundary layer, which is uniquelycharacterised by β and Reτ . The investigations on the flat plate were extended to the flow around a wing section. Comparisons with the flat-plate cases revealed some interesting features: In turbulent boundary layers with strong pressure gradients in the development history the energy-carrying structures in the outerregion are strongly enhanced, which can be detected by the pronounced wake inthe mean velocity as well as the large second peak in the Reynolds stresses. This was also confirmed by one-dimensional energy spectra, where more energetic large structures were identified in the outer region for stronger pressure gradients overall. A scaling law suggested by Kitsios et al. (2015) was tested on a constant pressure gradient case. The mean velocity and Reynolds stress profiles were found to be dependent on the downstream development when they were scaled with the edge velocity and displacement thickness.

National Category
Fluid Mechanics and Acoustics
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-185272OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-185272DiVA, id: diva2:919857
Note

QS 2016

Available from: 2016-04-15 Created: 2016-04-15 Last updated: 2022-06-23Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Simulations of turbulent boundary layers with suction and pressure gradients
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Simulations of turbulent boundary layers with suction and pressure gradients
2016 (English)Licentiate thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

The focus of the present licentiate thesis is on the effect of suction and pressure gradients on turbulent boundary-layer flows, which are investigated separately through performing numerical simulations.The first part aims at assessing history and development effects on adverse pressure-gradient (APG) turbulent boundary layers (TBL). A suitable set-up was developed to study near-equilibrium conditions for a boundary layer developingon a flat plate by setting the free-stream velocity at the top of the domain following a power law. The computational box size and the correct definition of the top-boundary condition were systematically tested. Well-resolved large-eddy simulations were performed to keep computational costs low. By varying the free-stream velocity distribution parameters, e.g. power-law exponent and virtual origin, pressure gradients of different strength and development were obtained. The magnitude of the pressure gradient is quantified in terms of the Clauser pressure-gradient parameter β. The effect of the APG is closely related to its streamwise development, hence, TBLs with non-constant and constant β were investigated. The effect was manifested in the mean flow through a much more pronounced wake region and in the Reynolds stresses through the existence of an outer peak. The terms of the turbulent kinetic energy budgets indicate the influence of the APG on the distribution of the transfer mechanism across the boundary layer. Stronger and more energetic structures were identified in boundary layers with relatively stronger pressure gradients in their development history. Due to the difficulty of determining the boundary-layer thickness in flows with strong pressure gradients or over a curvedsurface, a new method based on the diagnostic-plot concept was introduced to obtain a robust estimation of the edge of a turbulent boundary layer.

In the second part, large-eddy simulations were performed on temporally developing turbulent asymptotic suction boundary layers (TASBLs). Findings from previous studies about the effect of suction could be confirmed, e.g. the reduction of the fluctuation levels and Reynolds shear stresses. Furthermore, the importance of the size of the computational domain and the time development were investigated. Both parameters were found to have a large impact on the results even on low-order statistics. While the mean velocity profile collapses in the inner layer irrespective of box size and development time, a wake region occurs for too small box sizes or early development time and vanishes once sufficiently large domains and/or integration times are chosen. The asymptotic state is charactersized by surprisingly thick boundary layers even for moderateReynolds numbers Re (based on free-stream velocity and laminar displacement thickness); for instance, Re = 333 gives rise to a friction Reynolds number Reτ = 2000. Similarly, the flow gives rise to very large structures in the outer region. These findings have important ramifications for experiments, since very large facilities are required to reach the asymptotic state even for low Reynolds numbers.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 2016. p. 37
Series
TRITA-MEK, ISSN 0348-467X ; 2016:07
Keywords
boundary layers, near-wall turbulence, history effects, asymptotic suction boundary layers, large-eddy simulation
National Category
Fluid Mechanics and Acoustics
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-185275 (URN)978-91-7595-934-4 (ISBN)
Presentation
2016-05-12, D3, Lindstedtsvägen 5, Stockholm, 10:15 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Note

QC 20160418

Available from: 2016-04-18 Created: 2016-04-15 Last updated: 2022-06-23Bibliographically approved

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Bobke, AlexandraÖrlü, RamisSchlatter, Philipp

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