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A molecular dynamics study of the effect of glycosidic linkage type in the hemicellulose backbone on the molecular chain flexibility
KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Fibre and Polymer Technology. KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Centres, Wallenberg Wood Science Center.ORCID iD: 0000-0003-0277-2269
KTH, School of Biotechnology (BIO), Glycoscience. KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Centres, Wallenberg Wood Science Center. KTH, School of Chemical Science and Engineering (CHE), Fibre and Polymer Technology.ORCID iD: 0000-0003-3572-7798
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2016 (English)In: The Plant Journal, ISSN 0960-7412, E-ISSN 1365-313XArticle in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

The macromolecular conformation of the constituent polysaccharides in lignocellulosic biomass influences their supramolecular interactions, and therefore their function in plants and their performance in technical products. The flexibility of glycosidic linkages from the backbone of hemicelluloses was studied by evaluating the conformational freedom of the φ and ψ dihedral angles using molecular dynamic simulations, additionally selected molecules were correlated with experimental data by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Three types of β-(1→4) glycosidic linkages involving the monosaccharides (Glcp, Xylp and Manp) present in the backbone of hemicelluloses were defined. Different di- and tetrasaccharides with combinations of such sugar monomers from hemicelluloses were simulated, and free energy maps of the φ – ψ space and hydrogen-bonding patterns were obtained. The glycosidic linkage between Glc-Glc or Glc-Man (C-type) was the stiffest with mainly one probable conformation; the linkage from Man-Man or Man-Glc (M-type) was similar but with an increased probability for an alternative conformation making it more flexible, and the linkage between two Xyl-units (X-type) was the most flexible with two almost equally populated conformations. Glycosidic linkages of the same type showed essentially the same conformational space in both disaccharides and in the central region of tetrasaccharides. Different probabilities of glycosidic linkage conformations in the backbone of hemicelluloses can be directly estimated from the free energy maps, which to a large degree affect the overall macromolecular conformations of these polymers. The information gained contributes to an increased understanding of the function of hemicelluloses both in the cell wall and in technical products.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
John Wiley & Sons, 2016.
Keywords [en]
glucomannan, xylan, xyloglucan, computer simulation, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
National Category
Wood Science
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-192894DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13259ISI: 000388442100005PubMedID: 27385537Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-84987605339OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-192894DiVA, id: diva2:972776
Funder
Knut and Alice Wallenberg FoundationSwedish Research Council
Note

QC 20160927

Available from: 2016-09-22 Created: 2016-09-22 Last updated: 2024-03-15Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Wood Hemicelluloses - Fundamental Insights on Biological and Technical Properties
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Wood Hemicelluloses - Fundamental Insights on Biological and Technical Properties
2018 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Hemicelluloses are a group of heterogeneous polysaccharides representing around 30 % of wood where the dominating types are xylans, glucomannans and xyloglucans. Hemicelluloses complex molecular structure makes it difficult to understand the relationship between structure and properties entirely, and their biological role is not yet fully verified. Additionally, hemicelluloses are sensitive to chemical processing and are not utilized to their full potentials for production of value-added products such as materials, additives to food and pharmaceutical products, etc. Increased knowledge regarding their functions is important for the development of both processes and products. The aim with this work has therefore been to increase the fundamental understanding about how the structure and properties of wood hemicelluloses are correlated, and properties such as flexibility, interaction with cellulose, solubility, resistance to chemical-, thermal-, and enzymatic degradation have been explored.

Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were used to, in detail, study the structures found in wood hemicelluloses. The flexibility was evaluated by comparing the impact of backbone sugars on the conformational space and also the impact of side groups was considered. Based on the conformational space of backbone glycosidic linkages the flexibility order of hemicelluloses in an aqueous environment was determined to be: xylan > glucomannan > xyloglucan. Additionally, the impact of xylan structure on cellulose interaction was evaluated by MD methods.

Hemicelluloses were extracted from birch and spruce, and were used to fabricate different composite hydrogels with bacterial cellulose. These materials were studied with regards to mechanical properties, and it was shown that galactoglucomannans mainly contributed to an increased modulus in compression, whereas the most significant effect from xylan was increased strain under uniaxial tensile testing. Besides, other polysaccharides of similar structure as galactoglucomannans were modified and used as pure, well defined, models. Acetyl groups are naturally occurring decorations of wood hemicelluloses and can also be chemically introduced. Here, mannans with different degrees of acetylation were prepared and the influence of structure on solubility in water and the organic solvent DMSO were evaluated. Furthermore, the structure and water solubility influenced the interaction with cellulose. Acetylation also showed to increase the thermal and biological stability of mannans.

With chemical pulping processes in mind, the degradability of spruce galactoglucomannans in alkaline solution were studied with regards to the structure, and the content of more or less stable structural regions were proposed.

Abstract [sv]

Hemicellulosor är en grupp av heterogena polysackarider som utgör ca 30 % av trä och där de vanligaste typerna är xylaner, glukomannaner och xyloglukaner. Den komplexa strukturen gör det svårt att fullständigt förstå förhållandet mellan struktur och egenskaper, och deras biologiska roll är ännu inte fullständigt kartlagd. Dessutom är hemicellulosor känsliga för kemiska processer och tas inte tillvara på bästa sätt för att tillverka förädlade produkter så som nya material eller användas som additiv till livsmedel och farmaceutiska produkter etc. En ökad kunskap om deras funktion är viktig för utvecklingen av både processer och material. Målet med detta arbete har därför varit att öka den fundamentala förståelsen för hur struktur och egenskaper hos hemicellulosor från trä hänger ihop. Egenskaper så som flexibilitet, interaktion med cellulosa, löslighet, samt kemisk-, termisk- och biologisk stabilitet har utvärderats.

Molekyldynamiska (MD) simuleringar användes för att studera strukturer som återfinns i hemicellulosor på detaljnivå. Flexibiliteten utvärderades med avseende på hur konformationsrymden påverkades av vilka monosackarider som ingick i huvudkedjan, samt påverkan från sidogrupper. Baserat på huvudkedjan bör flexibilitetsordningen för studerade hemicellulosor i vattenlösning vara: xylan > glukomannan > xyloglukan. Dessutom användes MD simuleringar för att analysera hur strukturen hos xylaner påverkar interaktionen med cellulosa.

Hemicellulosor extraherades från björk och gran, och användes för att producera flera olika komposithydrogeler med bakteriell cellulosa. Dessa material studerades bland annat med avseende på de mekaniska egenskaperna och de tydligaste observationerna var att galaktoglukomannan bidrog till en ökad kompressionsmodul, medan xylan framförallt ökade töjbarheten i dragprov. Dessutom modifierades modellpolysackarider med liknande struktur som galaktoglukomannan och användes som extra rena och väldefinierade modellsystem. Acetylgrupper förekommer naturligt som sidogrupper på hemicellulosor och de kan även introduceras via kemisk modifiering. I detta projekt tillverkades mannaner med olika acetyleringsgrad och hur strukturen påverkade lösligheten i vatten och det organiska lösningsmedlet DMSO utvärderades. Det visade sig även att strukturen och lösligheten i vatten påverkade interaktionen med cellulosa. Acetyleringen hade också en positiv effekt på den biologiska och termiska stabiliteten.

Med kemiska massaprocesser i åtanke studerades nedbrytbarheten hos galaktoglukomannaner från gran i alkalisk lösning med avseende på strukturen och förekomsten av mer eller mindre stabila strukturella regioner föreslogs.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Stockholm, Sweden: KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 2018. p. 82
Series
TRITA-CBH-FOU ; 2018:63
Keywords
hemicellulose, wood, glucomannan, xylan, structure, acetylation, flexibility, solubility, interaction with cellulose, stability., hemicellulosa, trä, glukomannan, xylan, struktur, acetylering, flexibilitet, löslighet, interaktion med cellulosa, stabilitet.
National Category
Wood Science Chemical Sciences Paper, Pulp and Fiber Technology Plant Biotechnology
Research subject
Fibre and Polymer Science
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-240982 (URN)978-91-7873-068-1 (ISBN)
Public defence
2019-02-01, F3, Lindstedtsvägen 26, Stockholm, 10:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Funder
Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation
Note

QC 20190107

Available from: 2019-01-07 Created: 2019-01-07 Last updated: 2022-06-26Bibliographically approved

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Berglund, JennieVilaplana, FranciscoBergenstråhle-Wohlert, MalinLawoko, MartinHenriksson, GunnarLindström, MikaelWohlert, Jakob

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