kth.sePublications
Change search
CiteExportLink to record
Permanent link

Direct link
Cite
Citation style
  • apa
  • ieee
  • modern-language-association-8th-edition
  • vancouver
  • Other style
More styles
Language
  • de-DE
  • en-GB
  • en-US
  • fi-FI
  • nn-NO
  • nn-NB
  • sv-SE
  • Other locale
More languages
Output format
  • html
  • text
  • asciidoc
  • rtf
CALPHAD: Method for calculation of finite temperature thermodynamic properties for magnetic allotropes-Case study on Fe, Co and Ni
KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-8310-554X
KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering.
KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering, Structures.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-3880-0965
KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Materials Science and Engineering, Structures.ORCID iD: 0000-0001-5031-919X
2021 (English)In: Calphad, ISSN 0364-5916, E-ISSN 1873-2984, Vol. 74, article id 102320Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

A method for calculation of finite temperature thermodynamic properties for magnetic allotropes has been developed. The developed method is based on quasi-harmonic approximations using the Debye-Gruneisen model. Electronic contributions are included and magnetic disordering contributions are added with the empiric model often used in CALPHAD (CALculation of PHAse Diagrams) databases. The developed method also includes two new ways to estimate the Debye temperature (theta(D)(V-0)) which enables calculation of finite temperature thermodynamic properties also for allotropes that are dynamically unstable at 0 K. Also a new CALPHAD approach for estimation of Curie- (T-C) or Neel- (T-N) temperatures is presented. The developed method was used to calculate Gibbs energy as a function of temperature (G(T)) and isobaric heat capacity as a function of temperature (C-P(T)) for the body-centred-cubic (bcc), the face-centred-cubic (fcc) and the hexagonal-closed-packed (hcp) allotropes of Fe, Co and Ni. The results were compared with the SGTE Unary database. By using the developed method the phase transitions in Fe and Co were predicted. The calculations of the metastable allotropes fcc-Fe, hcp-Fe and bcc-Ni in this work indicates that the descriptions of these allotropes in the SGTE Unary database need to be updated, especially regarding the magnetic parameters. Furthermore, contradictory to previously reported results in literature, the calculations in this work show that the magnetic ground state structure of fcc-Fe is the double layer antiferromagnetic structure (AFM-D) and not a spin-spiral. The final conclusion is that by using the developed method it is possible to calculate finite temperature thermodynamic properties, not only, for stable and metastable magnetic allotropes, but also for magnetic allotropes that are dynamically unstable at 0 K, which is very important for the development of thermodynamic databases.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier BV , 2021. Vol. 74, article id 102320
Keywords [en]
CALPHAD, Debye-Gruneisen, DFT, Magnetic properties, Metastable phases, Thermodynamic properties
National Category
Metallurgy and Metallic Materials
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-300822DOI: 10.1016/j.calphad.2021.102320ISI: 000685310300001Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85111554717OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-300822DiVA, id: diva2:1598220
Note

QC 20210928

Available from: 2021-09-28 Created: 2021-09-28 Last updated: 2022-06-25Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Transition Metals and their Carbides, Nitrides and Carbonitrides: from a CALPHAD Perspective
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Transition Metals and their Carbides, Nitrides and Carbonitrides: from a CALPHAD Perspective
2021 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

The CALPHAD (CALculation of PHAse Diagrams) method consists of three cornerstones, i.e. experiments, computational methods (e.g. Density Functional Theory (DFT)) and thermodynamic models, which together are used to build CALPHAD descriptions. In this thesis the CALPHAD method, including all three parts, is used to study transition metals and their carbides, nitrides and carbonitrides. The focus is mainly on transition metals important for the steel and cemented carbide industries. Some of the weaknesses or uncertainties in existing thermodynamic descriptions of these transition metals are identified and investigated with either experiments or computational methods whereupon new descriptions are presented.

A method for calculation of the molar Gibbs energy as a function of temperature (Gm(T)) for metastable magnetic components is developed. The method uses DFT in combination with the Debye-Grüneisen model and the empirical magnetic model often used in CALPHAD. The developed method is also able to estimate the magnetic transition temperature (TC or TN). Furthermore, two new approaches for how to treat calculations on dynamically unstable allotropes are presented. This is important since this often is the reason why DFT calculations on metastable components fail. The method is developed and verified on bcc, fcc and hcp allotropes of Fe, Co and Ni, and is then used to calculate Gm(T) descriptions for fcc-TiC, fcc-CrC, fcc-CrN, hcp-Cr2C and hcp-Cr2N. Furthermore, the same method is also used to calculate the excess Gibbs energy at 0 K for the interactions CrC-TiC (fcc), CrC-CrN (fcc) and Cr2C-Cr2N (hcp), as well as TC and TN as a function of composition for the same composition ranges.

Experiments are performed at 1673 and 1773 K to determine the solubility of Cr in MC (M = Ti, Cr) and of Ti in M3C2 and M7C3, in the equilibria MC-M3C2-M7C3 and MC-M3C2-graphite of the C-Cr-Ti system. The solubilities are measured with EDS/WDS and verified with XRD/Rietveld refinement.

The experimental and computational results for the C-Cr-Ti system are used together with literature data to perform a reassessment of this system. Compared to the previous CALPHAD description, the new description also includes updated descriptions for two of the three constituent binary systems (C-Ti and Cr-Ti) and reproduces the experimental results in the TiC-Cr3C2 isoplethal section found in literature.

In summary, the outcome of this thesis is an updated CALPHAD description of the C-Cr-Ti system and calculated Gm(T) descriptions, including magnetic properties, for allotropes of Fe, Co, Ni, and several parameters in the C-Cr-N system. The developed method for calculation of Gm(T) for metastable magnetic compounds is also a useful tool for calculation of Gm(T) for many other transition metals and their carbides, nitrides, and carbonitrides.

Abstract [sv]

CALPHAD (CALculation of PHAse Diagrams) metodiken består av tre hörnstenar, dvs. experiment, beräkningsmetoder (tex. Density Functional Theory (DFT)) och termodynamiska modeller, vilka tillsammans används för att skapa CALPHAD beskrivningar. I den här avhandlingen används CALPHAD-metodiken, inklusive alla tre delar, för att studera övergångsmetaller och deras karbider, nitrider och karbonitrider. Fokuset ligger i huvudsak på övergångsmetaller som är viktiga inom stål- och hårdmetallindustrin. Några av svagheterna och osäkerheterna i befintliga thermodynamiska beskrivningar av dessa övergångsmetaller identifieras och undersöks med hjälp av antingen experiment eller beräkningsmetoder, varpå nya beskrivningar presenteras.

En metod för beräkning av den molära Gibbsenergin som funktion av temperatur (Gm(T)) för metastabila magnetiska komponenter utvecklas. Metoden använder DFT i kombination med Debye-Grüneisen-modellen och den empiriska magnetiska modellen som ofta används inom CALPHAD. Den utvecklade metoden kan också användas för att uppskatta den magnetiska omvandlingstemperaturen (TC eller TN). Dessutom presenteras två nya tillvägagångssätt för hur man ska behandla beräkningar på dynamiskt instabila komponenter. Detta är viktigt eftersom det ofta är anledningen till att DFT-beräkningar på metastabila komponenter misslyckas. Metoden utvecklas och verifieras på bcc-, fcc- och hcp-allotroper av Fe, Co och Ni, och används sedan för att beräkna Gm(T) beskrivningar för fcc-TiC, fcc-CrC, fcc-CrN, hcp-Cr2C och hcp-Cr2N. Dessutom används samma metod också för att beräkna överskottet av Gibbs energi vid 0 K för interaktionerna CrC-TiC(fcc), CrC-CrN (fcc) och Cr2C-Cr2N (hcp), samt TC och TN som funktion av sammansättning för samma sammansättningsintervall.

Experiment utförs vid 1673 och 1773 K för att bestämma lösligheten av Cr i MC (M = Ti, Cr) och Ti i M3C2 och M7C3, i jämvikterna MC-M3C2-M7C3 och MC-M3C2-grafit i C-Cr-Ti-systemet. Lösligheterna mäts med EDS/WDS och verifieras med XRD/Rietveld-förfining.

De experimentella och beräknade resultaten för C-Cr-Ti-systemet används tillsammans med litteraturdata för att utföra en ny anpassning av detta system. Jämfört med den tidigare CALPHAD-beskrivningen innehåller den nya beskrivningen också uppdaterade beskrivningar för två av de tre ingående binära systemen (C-Ti och Cr-Ti) och reproducerar de experimentella resultaten i det isopleta snittet TiC-Cr3C2 som finns i litteraturen.

Sammanfattningsvis är resultatet av denna avhandling en uppdaterad CALPHAD-beskrivning av C-Cr-Ti-systemet och beräknade Gm(T)-beskrivningar, inklusive magnetiska egenskaper, för allotroper av Fe, Co, Ni och flera parametrar i C-Cr-N-systemet. Den utvecklade metoden för beräkning av Gm(T) för metastabila magnetiska komponenter är också ett användbart verktyg för beräkning av Gm(T) för många andra övergångsmetaller och deras karbider, nitrider och karbonitrider.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Stockholm: KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 2021. p. 131
Series
TRITA-ITM-AVL ; 2021:51
National Category
Materials Engineering
Research subject
Materials Science and Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-305198 (URN)978-91-8040-087-9 (ISBN)
Public defence
2021-12-20, Kollegiesalen, Brinellvägen 8, https://kth-se.zoom.us/webinar/register/WN_bHKRhY7dQvGgpuZUnWkyhQ, Stockholm, 10:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Funder
Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research , ID14-0076
Available from: 2021-11-25 Created: 2021-11-23 Last updated: 2022-06-25Bibliographically approved

Open Access in DiVA

No full text in DiVA

Other links

Publisher's full textScopus

Authority records

Haglöf, FredrikBlomqvist, AndreasRuban, Andrei V.Selleby, Malin

Search in DiVA

By author/editor
Haglöf, FredrikBlomqvist, AndreasRuban, Andrei V.Selleby, Malin
By organisation
Materials Science and EngineeringStructures
In the same journal
Calphad
Metallurgy and Metallic Materials

Search outside of DiVA

GoogleGoogle Scholar

doi
urn-nbn

Altmetric score

doi
urn-nbn
Total: 184 hits
CiteExportLink to record
Permanent link

Direct link
Cite
Citation style
  • apa
  • ieee
  • modern-language-association-8th-edition
  • vancouver
  • Other style
More styles
Language
  • de-DE
  • en-GB
  • en-US
  • fi-FI
  • nn-NO
  • nn-NB
  • sv-SE
  • Other locale
More languages
Output format
  • html
  • text
  • asciidoc
  • rtf