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On-Demand Generation of Entangled Photon Pairs in the Telecom C-Band with InAs Quantum Dots
KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Quantum and Biophotonics.ORCID iD: 0000-0003-0043-2527
KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Quantum and Biophotonics.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-5814-7510
KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Quantum and Biophotonics.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-1858-007x
KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Electrical Engineering, Electronics and Embedded systems, Integrated devices and circuits.ORCID iD: 0000-0001-6468-3603
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2021 (English)In: ACS Photonics, E-ISSN 2330-4022, Vol. 8, no 8, p. 2337-2344Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Entangled photons are an integral part in quantum optics experiments and a key resource in quantum imaging, quantum communication, and photonic quantum information processing. Making this resource available on-demand has been an ongoing scientific challenge with enormous progress in recent years. Of particular interest is the potential to transmit quantum information over long distances, making photons the only reliable flying qubit. Entangled photons at the telecom C-band could be directly launched into single-mode optical fibers, enabling worldwide quantum communication via existing telecommunication infrastructure. However, the on-demand generation of entangled photons at this desired wavelength window has been elusive. Here, we show a photon pair generation efficiency of 69.9 +/- 3.6% in the telecom C-band by an InAs/GaAs semiconductor quantum dot on a metamorphic buffer layer. Using a robust phonon-assisted two-photon excitation scheme we measure a maximum concurrence of 91.4 +/- 3.8% and a peak fidelity to the Phi(+) state of 95.2 +/- 1.1%, verifying on-demand generation of strongly entangled photon pairs and marking an important milestone for interfacing quantum light sources with our classical fiber networks.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
AMER CHEMICAL SOC , 2021. Vol. 8, no 8, p. 2337-2344
Keywords [en]
semiconductor quantum dots, telecom wavelengths, entangled photons, two-photon resonant excitation, single-photon source, quantum state tomography
National Category
Condensed Matter Physics
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-300839DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.1c00504ISI: 000687190500019PubMedID: 34476289Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85111494236OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-300839DiVA, id: diva2:1598647
Note

QC 20210929

Available from: 2021-09-29 Created: 2021-09-29 Last updated: 2022-09-23Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Bright and strain-tunable semiconductor quantum dot devices
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Bright and strain-tunable semiconductor quantum dot devices
2021 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Optically active semiconductor quantum dots have proven to be excellent single- and entangled-photon sources, with applications in quantum optics and quantum photonics. These sources are considered crucial in the development of future photonic quantum technology, such as quantum communication, quantum computation and quantum metrology. In future quantum networks, they allow to share quantum information through optical fiber links and implement secure communication protocols based on quantum key distribution.

However, there are several challenges when developing quantum dot devices in order to unlock the full potential of these quantum emitters. The ideal quantum dot source efficiently generates triggered single- and entangled-photons on-demand. It provides further high collection-efficiency, low multi-photon probability, near-unity indistinguishability and high entanglement fidelity. Finally, it also offers compatibility with other systems by providing photons with the desired spectral properties and enabling efficient photon coupling.

In this thesis the development and fabrication of bright and strain-tunable quantum dot devices for single- and entangled-photon generation has been studied. It covers highly-symmetric GaAs quantum dots emitting in the near-infrared, InAs quantum dots generating photons in the telecom C-band and InAsP quantum dots embedded in InP nanowires enabling deterministic integration into photonic circuits. The main aspects of operating these quantum dots in cryogenic micro-photoluminescence experiments are described, with focus on enhancing the collection efficiency using solid immersion lenses. For strain-tunability, the focus lies on the fabrication of piezoelectric actuators as substrates for the integration of quantum dot samples by polymer-based bonding. Finally, this thesis describes the simulation, fabrication and measurement of a novel device featuring quantum dots embedded in broad-band parabolic mirror microcavities for enhanced light collection.

Experimental results obtained with a variety of quantum dot devices are included: GaAs quantum dot devices featuring solid immersion lenses demonstrate record-low multi-photon probability and near-unity photon indistinguishability. Piezoelectric strain-tunable devices with InAs quantum dots emitting in the telecom C-band allow for on-demand generation of single- and entangled-photons with tunable quantum dot emission properties and high entanglement fidelity. Piezoelectric strain-tuning actuators enable further the realization of reconfigurable quantum photonic circuits featuring waveguide-integrated InAsP/InP nanowire quantum dots with tunable emission wavelength. Finally, GaAs quantum dots in microcavities with parabolic mirror integrated on piezoelectric actuators achieve an increase in brightness by one order of magnitude over planar structures while allowing to tune the emission wavelength to the atomic transition 87Rb D1 relevant for quantum memory applications.

Abstract [sv]

Optiskt aktiva halvledarkvantprickar har visats vara utmärkta källor för enstaka och intraslade fotoner med tillämpningar inom kvantoptik och kvantfotonik. Denna typ av källor anses vara kritiska för utvecklingen av framtida fotonikbaserade kvantteknologier så som kvantkommunikation, kvantdatorer och kvantmetrologi. I framtida kvantnätverk kommer dessa källor tillåta utbytet av kvantinformation genom optiska fiberlänkar och de kommer även att möjligöra kryptografiskt säker kommunikation genom kvantnyckeldistribution.

Det finns emellertid flera utmaningar inom utvecklingen av dessa kvantprickkällor för att nå dess fulla potential. En ideal kvantprickkälla genererar effektivt enstaka och intrasslade fotoner på beställning. Den har också hög uppsamlingskoefficient, låg sannolikhet för multi-foton generation, oskiljbar intrassling och hög kvantfidelitet. Slutligen är en ideal källa kompatibel med andra system genom att generera fotoner med önskvärda spektral egenskaper och genom att möjligöra effektiv koppling av dessa fotoner.

I denna avhandling har utvecklingen och tillverkningen av ljusa och töjnings-justerbara kvantprickskällor för enstaka och intrasslade fotoner studerats. Avhandlingen täcker högsymmetriska GaAs kvantprickar som genererar fotoner i det nära infraröda spektrat, InAs kvantprickar som genererar fotoner i telekommunikations C-bandet och InAsP kvantprickar inbädade i InP nanotråd som möjliggör deterministisk integration med fotoniska kretsar. De kritiska aspekterna av att använda dessa kvantprickar i kryogena mikro-fotoluminescens-experiment beskrivs, med fokus på att öka insamlingseffektiviteten med hjälp av solida immersionslinser. Fokuset för möjligheten att justera kvantpricken med hjälp av töjning ligger på fabrikationen av piezoelektriska ställdon som substrat för integration med kvantprickar med hjälp av polymerbaserad bindning. Slutligen beskriver denna avhandling simulering, tillverkning och karakterisering av en ny enhet med kvantprickar inbäddade i bredbands-paraboliska speglar i mikrokaviteter för förbättrad ljusinsamling.

Experimentella resultat som erhållits från en mängd olika kvantpricksenheter ingår i avhandlingen: Enheter med GaAs kvantprickar och solid immersion linser visar rekordlåg multifoton-sannolikhet samt nästan enhetlig urskiljbarhet. Piezoelektriska töjnings-justerbara enheter med InAs kvantprickar som sänder ut fotoner i C-bandet för telekommunikation möjliggör generation av enstaka och intrasslade fotoner på begäran med stämmningsbara egenskaper och hög intrasslings-fidelitet. Piezoelektriskt töjningsbara ställdon möjligör också konfigurerbara kvantoptiska fotonik kretsar med InP/InAsP nanotråds kvantprickar med stämbar emmisionsvåglängd integrerade i vågledaren. Slutligen uppnår GaAs kvantprickar i mikrokaviteter med en parabolisk spegel integrerade på ett piezoelektriskt ställdon en ökning av ljusstyrkan med en storleksordning jämfört med plana strukturer samtidigt som den gör det möjligt att justera emissionsvåglängden till den atomövergången 87Rb D1 som är relevant för applikationer inom kvantminnen.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Stockholm: KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 2021. p. 72
Series
TRITA-SCI-FOU ; 2021:46
Keywords
quantum dots, single–photons, entanglement, strain–tunable, kvantprickar, singelfotoner, sammanflätning, töjnings-justerbar
National Category
Condensed Matter Physics
Research subject
Physics, Optics and Photonics
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-304685 (URN)978-91-8040-072-5 (ISBN)
Public defence
2021-12-10, Kollegiesalen och via zoom: https://kth-se.zoom.us/j/64788165558, Brinellvägen 8, Stockholm, 10:00 (English)
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Supervisors
Available from: 2021-11-11 Created: 2021-11-10 Last updated: 2022-06-25Bibliographically approved

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Zeuner, KatharinaJöns, Klaus D.Schweickert, LucasReuterskiöld-Hedlund, CarlNunez Lobato, CarlosLettner, ThomasGyger, SamuelSchöll, EvaSteinhauer, StephanHammar, MattiasZwiller, Val

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Zeuner, KatharinaJöns, Klaus D.Schweickert, LucasReuterskiöld-Hedlund, CarlNunez Lobato, CarlosLettner, ThomasWang, KaiGyger, SamuelSchöll, EvaSteinhauer, StephanHammar, MattiasZwiller, Val
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