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Characterization of neutral particle fluxes from ICWC and ECWC plasmas in the TOMAS facility
KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Electrical Engineering, Fusion Plasma Physics.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-0865-7387
KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Electrical Engineering, Fusion Plasma Physics.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-9812-9296
KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Electrical Engineering, Fusion Plasma Physics.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-5259-0458
KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Electrical Engineering, Fusion Plasma Physics.ORCID iD: 0000-0001-9901-6296
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2021 (English)In: Physica Scripta, ISSN 0031-8949, E-ISSN 1402-4896, Vol. 96, no 12, article id 124025Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Electron- (ECWC) and ion- (ICWC) cyclotron wall conditioning are essential means for controlled fusion to modify the surface state of plasma-facing components in order to reduce impurity generation and fuel accumulation in the wall. Development of ECWC and ICWC requires characterization of neutral particle fluxes generated in discharges, because neutrals enhance the homogeneity of the conditioning, which may contribute to remote or shadowed areas, especially in the presence of a permanent magnetic field (e.g. W7-X, ITER). A time-of-flight neutral particle analyzer (ToF-NPA) with 4.07 m flight distance is employed to measure time- and energy-resolved low energetic (<1 keV) neutral particle distributions. The ToF-NPA setup tested at the EXTRAP T2R reversed field pinch was installed at the TOMAS toroidal plasma facility to determine low energy neutral particle fluxes while investigating the impact of the gas pressure in the instrument and compatibility with low count rates during EC- and ICWC discharges. TOMAS has a major radius of 0.78 m and provides various plasma operation conditions: toroidal magnetic field up to 0.12 T, EC frequency 2.45 GHz with the power of 0.6-6 kW, IC frequency of 10-50 MHz with the power of up to 6 kW. Early results on the characterization of three phases (EC only, EC + IC, and IC only) of hydrogen discharges demonstrate: (i) the low energy (10-725 eV) neutrals distribution has been determined by the NPA system, (ii) the mixed EC + IC phase produces the highest population of neutral particles, while the EC only provides one order of magnitude lower rate, (iii) the neutrals produced in IC only have higher average energy (28 eV) than EC only (7 eV) and EC + IC (16 eV).

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
IOP PUBLISHING LTD , 2021. Vol. 96, no 12, article id 124025
Keywords [en]
neutral particle analyzer, ICWC, ECWC, EXTRAP T2R, TOMAS facility
National Category
Fusion, Plasma and Space Physics
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-302639DOI: 10.1088/1402-4896/ac2494ISI: 000696686000001Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85116395099OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-302639DiVA, id: diva2:1600205
Note

QC 20211004

Available from: 2021-10-04 Created: 2021-10-04 Last updated: 2022-06-25Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Impact of erosion and deposition processes on wall materials in tokamaks
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Impact of erosion and deposition processes on wall materials in tokamaks
2022 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Understanding of material migration and control of fuel retention are essential for the safe operation of a reactor-class fusion machine. Work presented in the thesis focuses on erosion-deposition processes which are decisive for the formation and properties of co-deposited fuel-containing layers on plasma-facing and diagnostic components, and for the dust formation. The thesis is based on experiments carried out in plasma devices such as JET-ILW, KSTAR, EXTRAP-T2R, TOMAS and, in materials research laboratories where comprehensive analyses of the plasma-exposed materials were performed by a large number of complementary ion, electron and optical methods. The major objectives were to determine: (a) plasma impact on test mirrors; (b) properties of metal dust generated under operation with metal walls in JET with the ITER-Like Wall; (c) material transport to areas shadowed from the direct plasma line-of-sight; (d) neutral particle fluxes in wall conditioning discharges. All these topics are inter-related and, they are in line with the ITER needs in areas of diagnostic development, mitigation of fuel inventory and detailed knowledge of dust particles generated in the tokamak with metal walls. The novelty in research is demonstrated by several elements. Plasma impact on diagnostic mirrors was determined by exposure of test mirrors in JET two types of holders including the ITER-like assembly resembling a diagnostic duct in a reactor. Dust studies allowed for the determination of particles’ properties (size, weight) and, for the classification of various detected objects. The impact of tile shaping and intentional misalignment on fuel retention was revealed in a dedicated experiment in KSTAR. A neutral particle analyser was first tested at EXTRAP-T2R and then installed at the TOMAS facility. Particle fluxes were characterized in wall conditioning discharges heated by electron- and ion cyclotron systems.

Abstract [sv]

Att förstå förflyttning av material och ha kontroll över hur bränsle fastnar i väggplattor ärviktigt för säker användning av fusionsreaktorer. Denna avhandling fokuserar på de erosionsoch deponerings processer som är avgörande för skapandet och egenskaperna hos dedeponerade lagren på plasma mötande komponenter och diagnostik samt för skapandet omdamm. Arbetet bygger på material som exponerats i plasma experimenten JET-ILW, KSTAR,EXTRAP-T2R och TOMAS samt i materiallaboratorier där omfattande analyser avplasmautsatta material genomförts med joner, elektroner och optiska metoder. Huvudmålenhar varit att bestämma: (a) plasma påverkan på speglar (b) egenskaper hos metalldamm sombildats i JET med plasmautsatta metallväggar (c) materialtransport till områden utanför direktsynhåll från plasmat (d) flödet av neutrala partiklar i speciella urladdningar för attkonditionera väggarna. All dessa områden är sammankopplade med varandra samt medITERs behov av utveckling av diagnostik, begräsning och detaljerad kunskap om bränsle påväggar och damm i tokamaker med metall väggar. Nyskapandet i forskningen kans ses inomflera områden: Påverkan på speglar för diagnostik av plasma i JET inkluderat speglarmonterade i en hållare som liknar diagnostik kanaler ITER har bestämts. Damms egenskaperhar bestämts (storlek, vikt) och olika objekt har katalogiserats. Effekten och medvetenfellinjering av profilen på väggplattor på bränsleansamling i särskilt avsedda experiment iKSTAR har undersöktes. Ett detektorsystem för neutrala partiklar testades först i EXTRAPT2R och flyttades därefter till TOMAS och partikelflödet under plasma värmda medelektron- och jon-cyklotron system för att genomföra konditionering väggar. 

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Stockholm, Sweden: KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 2022. p. 79
Series
TRITA-EECS-AVL ; 2022:17
National Category
Fusion, Plasma and Space Physics
Research subject
Electrical Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-309720 (URN)978-91-8040-163-0 (ISBN)
Public defence
2022-04-07, F3, Lindstedtsvägen 26,, Stockholm, 14:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Note

QC 20220314

Available from: 2022-03-14 Created: 2022-03-09 Last updated: 2022-06-25Bibliographically approved

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Moon, SunwooPetersson, PerBrunsell, Per R.Rubel, Marek

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