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Uranium nitride advanced fuel: an evaluation of the oxidation resistance of coated and doped grains
KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Centres, Centre for Nuclear Energy Technology, CEKERT.
Studsvik Nucl AB, Nyköping, Sweden..
Studsvik Nucl AB, Nyköping, Sweden..
KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Physics, Nuclear Power Safety.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-6082-8913
Show others and affiliations
2021 (English)In: Journal of Nuclear Materials, ISSN 0022-3115, E-ISSN 1873-4820, Vol. 556, article id 153249Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

The oxidation behaviour of the composite UN-AlN, UN-Cr 2 N/CrN and UN-AlN-Cr 2 N/CrN pellets in air and anoxic steam under thermal transient conditions was investigated and compared with the pure UN pellet. The composite pellets were manufactured to contain the engineered microstructure of coated (the addition of matrix-insoluble AlN) and doped (the addition of matrix-soluble Cr 2 N/CrN) grains. The composite powders were produced by powder metallurgy and sintered into pellets using the SPS method. Sintered composite pellets were subjected to a thermal transient up to 1273 K in an STA-EGA (TGA-DSC-Gas-MS) system, followed by crystallographic characterization by XRD and morphological and elemental analysis by FEG-SEM. Improved oxidation behaviour in air compared to pure UN was demonstrated by the UN-Cr 2 N/CrN composite pellet. The formation of the ternary oxide UCrO 4 from the ternary (U 2 Cr)N 3 phase (doped grain) was observed, consistent with the delayed oxidation onset and slower reaction rates. In an anoxic steam environment UN-Cr 2 N/CrN exhibited a higher onset oxidation temperature relative to UN, although the reaction progressed faster than for UN sample. Composite UN-AlN pellet oxidised at a lower temperature in both air and steam, compared to pure UN, due to internal stresses in the fuel matrix. A mechanism for degradation of the composite materials is proposed and the influence of the individual phases on the oxidation behaviour of the composites is discussed.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier BV , 2021. Vol. 556, article id 153249
Keywords [en]
Nuclear fuel, Uranium nitride, Accident Tolerant fuel, Composites
National Category
Energy Engineering
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-303752DOI: 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2021.153249ISI: 000703520700007Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85113384985OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-303752DiVA, id: diva2:1608157
Note

QC 20211103

Available from: 2021-11-03 Created: 2021-11-03 Last updated: 2023-03-08Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Engineered microstructure composites as means of improving the oxidation resistance of uranium nitride
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Engineered microstructure composites as means of improving the oxidation resistance of uranium nitride
2023 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Owing to its high uranium density and good thermophysical properties,

uranium nitride (UN) fuel has been considered as a potential Accident Tolerant

Fuel (ATF) candidate for use in Light Water Reactors (LWRs). However,

the main disadvantage of UN is its low oxidation resistance in water/steam

containing atmospheres at the operating temperatures of LWRs.

The main objective of this thesis is to investigate a concept of engineered

microstructure composites as means of improving the response of UN to waterside

corrosion. The methodology for incorporating the corrosion resistant

additives in the form of metals, nitrides and oxides into the UN matrix has

been developed and tested. The additives were proposed to produce coated

(no interaction with UN) or doped (incorporation of the additive into the

UN bulk) grains, which will be able to shield the UN from the oxidising environment

and slow down the oxygen diffusion through the bulk. The UN

composite pellets containing the selected additives were sintered using the

Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) technique. The resulting microstructures of

the composite pellets were well characterised prior to subjecting some of the

engineered microstructure representative samples to oxidation testing in air

and steam containing environments.

The obtained results indicate that the response to air and steam oxidation

of the composite samples differs from that of pure UN. Moreover, a delay in

the oxidation onset was observed for the composite samples UN-20CrNpremix

and UN-20ZrNpremix in steam and for UN-20CrNpremix pellet in air. The

improved response to oxidation was accompanied by the formation of the

ternary oxides, an observation that could be applied to the screening process

of the additive candidates for waterproofing of UN.

Abstract [sv]

På grund av dess höga urandensitet och goda termofysiska egenskaper

har urannitrid (UN) ansetts vara ett potentiellt Accident Tolerant Fuel (ATF)

kandidat för användning i lättvattenreaktorer (LWR). Dock, den största nackdelen

med UN är dess låga oxidationsbeständighet i vatten/ånga-innehållande

atmosfärer vid driftstemperaturer för LWR.

Huvudsyftet med denna avhandling är att undersöka ett koncept för konstruerade

mikrostrukturkompositer som ett sätt att förbättra urannitridens

korrosionstolerans på vattensidan. Metodik för att införliva korrosionsbeständiga

tillsatser i form av metaller, nitrider och oxider i UN-matrisen har utvecklats

och testats. Tillsatserna föreslogs för att skapa en effekt av belagda

(ingen interaktion med UN) eller dopade (inkorporering av tillsatsen i

UN-matrisen) korn, som kommer att kunna skydda UN från den oxiderande

miljön eller bromsa syrediffusionen genom matrisen. UN kompositkutsar

innehållande de utvalda tillsatser har sintrats med tekniken Spark Plasma

Sintering (SPS). De resulterande mikrostrukturerna hos kompositkutsarna

karakteriserades väl innan några av de mikrostrukturrepresentativa proverna

utsattes för oxidationstestning i luft- och ångainnehållande miljöer.

De erhållna resultaten indikerar att svaret på luft- och ångaoxidation av

de sammansatta proverna skiljer sig från det för UN. Dessutom observerades

fördröjningen i oxidationsstarten för kompositproverna UN-20CrNförblandning

och UN-20ZrNförblandning  i  ånga och för UN-20CrNföblandning kutsar i luft.

Det förbättrade svaret på oxidation åtföljdes av bildningen av ternära oxider,

en observation som kunde tillämpas på screeningsprocessen av tillsatskandidaterna

för vattentätning av UN.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Stockholm: KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 2023. p. 77
Series
TRITA-SCI-FOU ; 2023:02
National Category
Other Materials Engineering
Research subject
Physics
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-324614 (URN)978-91-8040-483-9 (ISBN)
Public defence
2023-03-31, Kollegiesalen, Brinellvägen 8, Stockholm, 10:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Funder
Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research
Note

QC 230910

Available from: 2023-03-10 Created: 2023-03-08 Last updated: 2023-03-13Bibliographically approved

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Mishchenko, YuliaWallenius, JanneLopes, Denise Adorno

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