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Genome-wide Spatial Expression Profiling in Formalin-fixed Tissues
KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Gene Technology. KTH, Centres, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.ORCID iD: 0000-0003-0353-2101
KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Gene Technology. KTH, Centres, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.ORCID iD: 0000-0003-4209-2911
KTH, Centres, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab. KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Gene Technology.ORCID iD: 0000-0003-0554-080x
KTH, Centres, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab. KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Gene Technology.ORCID iD: 0000-0001-5869-3485
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(English)Manuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Formalin-fixed paraffin embedding (FFPE) is the most widespread long-term tissue preservation approach. Here we present a procedure to perform genome-wide spatial analysis of mRNA in FFPE fixed tissue sections. The procedure takes advantage of well-established, commercially available methods for imaging and spatial barcoding using slides spotted with barcoded oligo(dT) probes to capture the 3’ end of mRNA molecules in tissue sections. First, we conducted expression profiling and cell type mapping in coronal sections from the mouse brain to demonstrate the method’s capability to delineate anatomical regions from a molecular perspective. Second, we explored the spatial composition of transcriptomic signatures in ovarian carcinosarcoma samples using data-driven analysis methods, exemplifying the method’s potential to elucidate molecular mechanisms in heterogeneous clinical samples. Finally, we demonstrate the applicability of the assay to characterize organoids and a human lung biopsy specimen infected with SARS-CoV-2.

Keywords [en]
FFPE, PFA, Spatial transcriptomics, genome-wide, mouse brain, ovarian carcinosarcoma, organoids, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Visium
National Category
Natural Sciences
Research subject
Biotechnology
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-304597OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-304597DiVA, id: diva2:1609412
Note

QC 20211116

Available from: 2021-11-08 Created: 2021-11-08 Last updated: 2022-06-25Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. The Spatial Context – through the lens of method development
Open this publication in new window or tab >>The Spatial Context – through the lens of method development
2021 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

In the present moment of time, we find ourselves in a period where the advancement of genomic tools is progressing at a fast pace. Of particular interest for this thesis is the study of gene activity. What patterns of genes are expressed? Where are they expressed? How can we use this knowledge to improve our quality of life? The research presented in this thesis focuses on developing and applying new tools for interrogating cells and tissues. In Paper I, we describe a protocol for transcript profiling of single cells, capable of measuring the relative expression levels for genes of interest. We successfully applied our method to cancer cells from metastatic breast cancer patients. Profiling 2 to 4 single cells per patient and measuring gene-specific expression from targets previously associated with metastatic breast cancer supports the use of our protocol as a diagnostic tool. In Paper II, we present an assay for spatial RNA quality evaluation, used to estimate the success for tissue specimens before proceeding with more expensive spatial sequencing methods. We showed that the method is capable of measuring high RNA quality in tissue areas of both high and low cell density and that the spatial RNA integrity patterns are reflected in spatial transcriptomics data. In Paper III, we present a protocol for performing spatial mRNA genome-wide expression profiling of FFPE tissue specimens. Thus, we bridge a gap between traditional tissue preservation methods and novel gene technologytools. We found a high Pearson correlation of 0.95 between formalin-fixation paraffin embedding (FFPE) and Fresh Frozen (FF) mouse brain datasets. Although the FPPE samples yielded fewer transcripts and genes compared to FF, there was a high agreement in gene expression between paired anatomical areas for FFPE and FF samples. In Paper IV, we present an approach to investigate in situ transcript derivedinferred copy number variation (iCNV) profiles based on spatial transcriptomics data. In a normal lymph node that displays both distinct gene expression patterns and histological landmarks, we observed a neutral iCNV profile. In contrast, we found huge variabilities investigating several malign tissue types ranging from homogenous (pediatric medulloblastoma) to highly variable genomes (ductal breast cancer and glioblastoma). Strikingly, we also observed similar iCNV profiles in both tumor and benign tissue areas from prostate and skin cancer. In Paper V, we explore the transcriptional and genomic landscape in pediatric tumors from 14 patients. Microglia cells have been implicated to play an important role in the tumor microenvironment, and we found spatial co-localization of microglia and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) signatures in our patient cohort. Furthermore, we found homogenous and recurrent iCNV profiles in the high-grade tumors of relapse patients and identified expression of gene SPP1 in the tumor stroma as a potential prognostic mRNA marker in pediatric brain tumor relapse patients.

Abstract [sv]

Vi befinner oss i en tid där framsteg för genomiska verktyg fortskrider i snabb takt. Av särskilt intresse för denna avhandling är studier av genaktivitet. Vilka genmönster uttrycks? Var uttrycks de? Hur kan vi använda denna kunskap för att förbättra vår livskvalitet? Forskningen som presenteras i denna avhandling fokuserar på att utveckla och tillämpa nya verktyg för att inhämta information från celler och vävnader. I Artikel I beskriver vi ett protokoll för profilering av transkript i enstaka celler som kan mäta de relativa uttrycksnivåerna för gener av intresse. Vi har framgångsrikt tillämpat vår metod på cancerceller från metastatiska bröstcancerpatienter. Profilering utfördes på 2 till 4 celler per patient och uppmätte ett genspecifikt uttryck från markörer som tidigare varit associerade med metastatisk bröstcancer. Dessa resultat stöder användningen av vårt protokoll som ett diagnostiskt verktyg. I Artikel II presenterar vi en analys för utvärdering av spatial RNA-kvalitet, som används för att estimera integriteten av vävnadsprover innan dyrare spatiala sekvenseringsmetoder appliceras. Vi visade att metoden kan uppmäta hög RNA-kvalitet i vävnadsområden med både hög och låg celltäthet, samt att de spatiala RNA-integritetsmönstren återspeglas i spatial transkriptomikdata. I Artikel III presenterar vi ett protokoll för att utföra spatial mRNA genom profilering av FFPE-vävnadsprover. Således sammanlänkar vi traditionella vävnadsbevaringsmetoder med nya gentekniska verktyg. Vi observerade en hög Pearson-korrelation på 0.95 mellan formalinfixerade paraffininbäddade (FFPE) och färskfrysta (FF) datasett från mushjärna. Även om ett mindre antal transkript och gener kunde utvinnas från FFPE jämfört med FF prover, fanns det en hög överensstämmelse i genuttryck mellan parade anatomiska områden för FFPE- och FF-prover. I Artikel IV presenterar vi ett tillvägagångssätt för att undersöka variationer i inferrerade spatiala genkopior (iCNV) inom vävnadssnitt, baserat på spatial transkriptomikdata. I normal lymfkörtel som visar både distinkta genuttrycksmönster och histologiska landmärken observerade vi en neutral iCNV - profil. Däremot fann vi stora variationer från homogena (pediatriska medulloblastom) till mycket variabla genom (duktal bröstcancer och glioblastom) när vi undersökte flera maligna vävnadstyper. Påfallande nog observerade vi också liknande iCNV -profiler i både tumör- och godartade vävnadsområden från prostata och hudcancer. I Artikel V utforskar vi det transkriptionella och genomiska landskapet i pediatriska tumörer från 14 patienter. Microglia-celler har implicerats att spela en viktig roll i tumörmikromiljön, och vi fann spatial samlokalisering av mikroglia och epitel-till-mesenkymal övergångs (EMT) signaturer i vår patientgrupp. Vidare hittade vi homogena och återkommande iCNV-profiler i höggradiga tumörer hos återfallspatienter och identifierade genuttryck av SPP1 inom tumörstroman som en potentiell prognostisk mRNA-markör hos pediatriska patienter med återfall av hjärntumör.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 2021. p. 81
Series
TRITA-CBH-FOU ; 2021:41
Keywords
RNA, RNA-sequencing, transcriptomics, spatial transcriptomics, single cells, pediatric brain tumors, Spatial RIN
National Category
Natural Sciences
Research subject
Biotechnology
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-304606 (URN)978-91-8040-022-0 (ISBN)
Public defence
2021-12-17, The Air & Fire auditorium, Science for Life Laboratory, Tomtebodavägen 23, Zoom: https://kth-se.zoom.us/webinar/register/WN_l-Zt3LGIRXW-1jEK5YnxUw, Solna, 10:00 (English)
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Supervisors
Note

QC 2021-11-16

Available from: 2021-11-16 Created: 2021-11-15 Last updated: 2022-06-25Bibliographically approved

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Villacampa, Eva GraciaLarsson, LudvigMirzazadeh, RezaKvastad, LindaAndersson, AlmaMollbrink, AnnelieLundeberg, Joakim

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