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Combined Metabolic Activators Decrease Liver Steatosis by Activating Mitochondrial Metabolism in Hamsters Fed with a High-Fat Diet
KTH, Centres, Science for Life Laboratory, SciLifeLab.ORCID iD: 0009-0002-0414-2471
Hosp Univ Girona Doctor Josep Trueta, Girona Biomed Res Inst IDIBGI, Dept Diabet Endocrinol & Nutr, Girona 17190, Spain.;Inst Salud Carlos III, Ctr Pathophysiol Obes & Nutr CIBEROBN, Madrid 28029, Spain..ORCID iD: 0000-0003-3788-3815
Ctr Tecnol Catalunya, Technol Unit Nutr & Hlth, Eurecat, Reus 43204, Spain..
Ctr Tecnol Catalunya, Technol Unit Nutr & Hlth, Eurecat, Reus 43204, Spain..
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2021 (English)In: Biomedicines, E-ISSN 2227-9059, Vol. 9, no 10, article id 1440Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Although the prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) continues to increase, there is no effective treatment approved for this condition. We previously showed, in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice, that the supplementation of combined metabolic activators (CMA), including nicotinamide riboside (NAD(+) precursor) and the potent glutathione precursors serine and N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC), significantly decreased fatty liver by promoting fat oxidation in mitochondria. Afterwards, in a one-day proof-of-concept human supplementation study, we observed that this CMA, including also L-carnitine tartrate (LCT), resulted in increased fatty acid oxidation and de novo glutathione synthesis. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms associated with supplementation of CMA have not been fully elucidated. Here, we demonstrated in hamsters that the chronic supplementation of this CMA (changing serine for betaine) at two doses significantly decreased hepatic steatosis. We further generated liver transcriptomics data and integrated these data using a liver-specific genome-scale metabolic model of liver tissue. We systemically determined the molecular changes after the supplementation of CMA and found that it activates mitochondria in the liver tissue by modulating global lipid, amino acid, antioxidant and folate metabolism. Our findings provide extra evidence about the beneficial effects of a treatment based on this CMA against NAFLD.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
MDPI AG , 2021. Vol. 9, no 10, article id 1440
Keywords [en]
NAFLD, combined metabolic activators, transcriptomics, mitochondrial metabolism
National Category
Gastroenterology and Hepatology
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-305126DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9101440ISI: 000713417900001PubMedID: 34680557Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85117507764OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-305126DiVA, id: diva2:1613279
Note

QC 20211122

Available from: 2021-11-22 Created: 2021-11-22 Last updated: 2025-02-11Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Integrated understanding and targeting metabolic dysregulation in chronic liver disease: A multi-omics and systems biology perspective
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Integrated understanding and targeting metabolic dysregulation in chronic liver disease: A multi-omics and systems biology perspective
2024 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

The liver, vital for various metabolic functions in the body, is susceptible to genetic or environmental factors such as viral infections, diet, or alcohol consumption. These factors can trigger chronic liver disease (CLD), a condition that often progresses silently into more advanced stages, including liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). With increasing rates of alcohol consumption and metabolic disorders such as metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), CLD has become a significant global health burden, contributing to high morbidity and mortality worldwide. This thesis employs systems biology approaches that integrate large-scale omics data to delve into the molecular mechanisms underpinning CLD and evaluate therapeutic interventions targeting metabolic dysfunctions associated with the disease.The first part of the thesis (Papers I and II) aims to enhance our understanding of the molecular basis of CLD using liver transcriptomics and proteomics data. To identify key pathogenic drivers of MASLD development, Paper I entails the deep characterization of transcriptomics data across large patient cohorts through integration analysis with biological networks, offering comprehensive insights into transcriptional dysregulation and its regulation in MASLD. Paper II extends this by combining transcriptomics and proteomics data to characterize both liver and plasma molecular pathophysiology associated with liver fibrosis in individuals with various causes of CLD, including those diagnosed with MASLD, chronic viral hepatitis, and alcohol-related liver disease.The studies in the second part of the thesis (Papers III to VI) aim to explore the systemic effects of potential therapeutic interventions—Combined Metabolic Activators (CMA) and JNK-IN-5A—in targeting metabolic dysfunction associated with MASLD in clinical and preclinical models. Papers III and IV present one-day double-blinded, placebo-controlled human clinical studies examining the acute effects of CMA administration with different formulations. Paper V investigates the effect of short-term CMA treatment on diet-induced liver steatosis in hamsters and characterizes liver transcriptomics changes in response to the treatment. Additionally, Paper VIinvestigates both hepatic and extrahepatic effects of JNK-IN-5A on metabolic dysfunction induced by sucrose overconsumption in rats.In summary, the work described here contributes to ongoing efforts in the molecular characterization of chronic liver diseases and the development of effective treatments for MASLD. The findings could help pave the way for new approaches in diagnosing and treating liver diseases, offering hope for better management strategies in the future.

Abstract [sv]

Levern är avgörande för olika metaboliska funktioner i kroppen, samtidigt är den också a känslig för genetiska eller miljömässiga faktorer såsom virusinfektioner, kost eller alkoholkonsumtion. Dessa faktorer kan utlösa kronisk leversjukdom (CLD), ett tillstånd som ofta utvecklas tyst till mer avancerade stadier, inklusive leverfibros, levercirros och hepatocellulär cancer (HCC). Med ökande alkoholkonsumtion och metabola störningar såsom metabolisk dysfunktion-associerad steatotisk leversjukdom (MASLD), har CLD blivit en betydande global hälsobörda som bidrar till hög sjuklighet och dödlighet över hela världen. Denna avhandling använder systembiologiska tillvägagångssätt som integrerar omfattande omics-data för att utforska de molekylära mekanismerna bakom CLD och utvärdera terapeutiska ingrepp som riktar sig mot metaboliska dysfunktioner associerade med sjukdomen.Den första delen av avhandlingen (Arbete I och II) syftar till att förbättra vår förståelse av den molekylära grunden för CLD genom att använda data från levertranskriptomik och proteomik. För att identifiera viktiga patogena drivkrafter i MASLD-utvecklingen, innefattar Arbete I en djupgående karaktärisering av transkriptomikdata över stora patientkohorter genom integrationsanalys med biologiska nätverk, vilket ger omfattande insikter i transkriptionell dysreglering och dess reglering i MASLD. Arbete II utökar detta genom kombinera transkriptomik- och proteomikdata med systembiologiska tillvägagångssätt för att karaktärisera både leverns och plasmans molekylära patofysiologi associerad med leverfibros hos individer med olika orsaker till CLD, inklusive dom som diagnostiserats med MASLD, kronisk viral hepatit och alkoholrelaterad leversjukdom.Studierna i den andra delen av avhandlingen (Arbete III till VI) syftar till att utforska dom systemiska effekterna av potentiella terapeutiska ingrepp—Kombinerade Metaboliska Aktivatorer (CMA) och den lilla molekylära föreningen JNK-IN-5A—i riktning mot metabolisk dysfunktion associerad med MASLD i kliniska och prekliniska modeller. Arbete III och IV presenterar en-dags dubbelblinda, placebokontrollerade kliniska studier som undersöker de akuta effekterna av CMA-administration med olika formuleringar. Arbete V undersöker effekten av korttidsbehandling av CMA med dietinducerad leversteatos hos hamstrar och karaktäriserar förändringar i leverns transkriptomik som svar på behandlingen. Dessutom har JNK-IN-5A visat sig effektivt minska fettansamling och steatosrelaterat proteinuttryck i en in vitro-modell av steatos som simulerar aktiverad de novo lipogenes hos MASLD-patienter. Arbete VI undersöker både hepatisk och extrahepatiska effekter av JNK-IN-5A på metabolisk dysfunktion inducerad av överkonsumtion av sackaros hos råttor.Sammanfattningsvis bidrar arbetet som beskrivs här till pågående ansträngningar i den molekylära karaktäriseringen av kroniska leversjukdomar och utvecklingen av effektiva behandlingar för MASLD. Rönen skulle kunna bana väg för nya tillvägagångssätt för diagnostisering och behandling av leversjukdomar, och ge hopp om bättre förvaltningsstrategier i framtiden.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Stockholm: KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 2024. p. 59
Series
TRITA-CBH-FOU ; 2024:25
Keywords
Chronic liver disease; Metabolic dysfunction-associated liver disease; Multi-omics; Systems biology
National Category
Pharmaceutical Sciences
Research subject
Biotechnology
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-346481 (URN)978-91-8040-966-7 (ISBN)
Public defence
2024-06-13, D37 at KTH campus, Lindstedtsvägen 9, via Zoom: https://kth-se.zoom.us/j/61201747859, Stockholm., 13:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Available from: 2024-05-20 Created: 2024-05-16 Last updated: 2024-06-10Bibliographically approved

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Yang, HongYuan, MengUhlén, MathiasZhang, ChengMardinoglu, Adil

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