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Constrained Data-Age with Job-Level Dependencies: How to Reconcile Tight Bounds and Overheads
Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg FAU, Erlangen, Germany..
KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Electrical Engineering, Electronics and Embedded systems, Electronic and embedded systems.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-1276-3609
Friedrich Alexander Univ Erlangen Nurnberg FAU, Erlangen, Germany..
Tech Univ Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany..
2021 (English)In: 2021  IEEE 27Th Real-Time And Embedded Technology And Applications Symposium (Rtas 2021), Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) , 2021, p. 66-79Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

Many industrial real-time systems rely on the implicit register communication paradigm to minimize overheads and ease distributed development. Here, tasks follow a simple input-processing-output scheme, and data is passed without synchronization by the last-is-best semantics. In these systems, the age of data is the primary real-time objective, which is defined by data-flow chains that span from the system's inputs to outputs. Consequently, a real-time analysis aims to provide guarantees on worst-case data age. In general, there are two main approaches: (1) Task-level scheduling such that inter-task communication is arranged at the beginning and end of a task's execution interval, which guarantees a deterministic yet highly pessimistic data age. (2) Job-level dependencies (JLD) that are added at critical points in the schedule to link specific job instances of tasks of a multi-rate data-flow chain, which provides tighter upper bounds on data ages. However, the drawback is that JLDs induce substantial synchronization overheads, impact the overall schedulability, and are much more challenging to implement. In this paper, we address the trade-off between tight data-age guarantees, synchronization overheads, and schedulability in multi-core settings. Our proposed solution is to combine the potential of job-level optimization with the determinism and low overheads of static, task-level approaches. Therefore, we present a novel execution model to efficiently map data-age constrained tasksets with job-level dependencies on event-triggered systems by automated system analysis and transformation. Experimental results of an extensive real-world case study substantiate that our approach can further tighten data-age bounds, reduce overheads, and ease schedulability.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) , 2021. p. 66-79
Series
IEEE Real-Time and Embedded Technology and Applications Symposium, ISSN 1545-3421
National Category
Computer Sciences
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-305413DOI: 10.1109/RTAS52030.2021.00014ISI: 000713558900006Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85113815042OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-305413DiVA, id: diva2:1615931
Conference
30th IEEE International Symposium on Software Reliability Engineering (ISSRE), OCT 28-31, 2019, Berlin, GERMANY
Note

Part of proceedings: ISBN 978-1-6654-0386-3, QC 20230118

Available from: 2021-12-01 Created: 2021-12-01 Last updated: 2023-01-18Bibliographically approved

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Becker, Matthias

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