BMI-Based Load Frequency Control in Microgrids Under False Data Injection AttacksShow others and affiliations
2021 (English)In: IEEE Systems Journal, ISSN 1932-8184, E-ISSN 1937-9234, p. 1-11Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]
In this article, the power fluctuation problem caused by adding renewable energy sources to microgrids (MGs) is addressed. These power fluctuations which can cause several adverse effects, including system instability, load shedding, and eventually blackouts are attenuated by designing a load frequency controller (LFC) to provide a constant and uniform frequency in different operation cases of MGs. This article designs a dynamic output feedback controller (DOFC) for LFC in MGs while considering the contraction observer for attack mitigation. We suggest a new formulation of the sufficient conditions for the DOFC design problem in the form of bilinear matrix inequalities (BMIs) and try to minimize the frequency deviation subject to load, solar, and wind energy changes. The proposed formulation effectively changes the problem to a new BMI model which can easily be divided into two problems, one is a convex optimization problem and the remained part is a quadratic matrix inequality problem which is linearized around the feasible solution of the linear matrix inequality part by a Taylor-like expansion. This leads to a more exact and less conservative solution as compared to the previous methods suggested in the literature. To illustrate the merits of the developed approach, numerical simulations on a sample ac–MG are carried out. Comparing norms of the frequency variations in the closed-loop system with multiple prominent methods in previous works, including <formula><tex>${{\bm{H}}_\infty },{\bm{\ \mu }}$</tex></formula>, fuzzy type-1, and intelligent-PI, shows that our proposed method reduces the two and infinity norms of frequency fluctuations by 84% and 80%, respectively compared to the traditional <formula><tex>${{\bm{H}}_\infty }$</tex></formula> method which is the best among the analyzed approaches. This further verifies the efficacy of the designed DOFC in our article.
Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) , 2021. p. 1-11
Keywords [en]
Bilinear matrix inequality (BMI), dynamic output feedback control (DOFC), false data injection attack (FDIA), Frequency control, frequency regulation, Iron, Linear matrix inequalities, Load modeling, Microgrids, Observers, Renewable energy sources, Closed loop systems, Convex optimization, Electric control equipment, Electric load management, Feedback control, Robustness (control systems), Solar energy, System stability, Wind power, Bilinear matrix inequality, Convex optimization problems, Dynamic output feedback controller, False data injection attacks, Load frequency controllers, Load-frequency control, Quadratic matrix inequalities, Renewable energy source, Electric frequency control
National Category
Control Engineering
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-306089DOI: 10.1109/JSYST.2021.3054947ISI: 000732361200001Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85101851780OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-306089DiVA, id: diva2:1622103
Note
QC 20211221
2021-12-212021-12-212022-09-23Bibliographically approved