kth.sePublications
Change search
CiteExportLink to record
Permanent link

Direct link
Cite
Citation style
  • apa
  • ieee
  • modern-language-association-8th-edition
  • vancouver
  • Other style
More styles
Language
  • de-DE
  • en-GB
  • en-US
  • fi-FI
  • nn-NO
  • nn-NB
  • sv-SE
  • Other locale
More languages
Output format
  • html
  • text
  • asciidoc
  • rtf
On electric conductivity of greases
KTH, School of Industrial Engineering and Management (ITM), Machine Design (Dept.).ORCID iD: 0000-0002-2716-8810
Luleå University of Technology.
Axel Christiernsson International AB.
KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), Chemistry, Surface and Corrosion Science.
Show others and affiliations
(English)Manuscript (preprint) (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

The development of new lubricant systems compatible with modern e-drive conditions, including stray voltages and currents, has gained momentum in recent years. One of the strategies being widely evaluated to achieve these goals is the development of conductive lubricants. Greases, however, have a complex architecture that renders measurement and analysis of their electrical properties challenging; this has severely limited the implementation of the strategy for this class of materials. In this work, a measurement methodology implementing electrochemical impedance spectroscopy to evaluate the electrical properties of grease samples is introduced. Compared to the commonly used conductivity meters, this method, through its multi-frequency alternating current (AC) impedance measurement approach, is able to effectively distinguish the separate contributions of the bulk and the sample-electrode interface to the measured electrical response. Thus, the bulk conductivity of a range of greases with different electrical properties could be obtained independently of their interfacial behavior at the electrode. The temperature-dependent bulk conductivity of lithium complex grease doped with different ionic liquids and non-ionic solids (copper and carbon black powders) has accordingly been evaluated and the rather different conductivity mechanisms explained. Bulk ionic conductivity of neat ionic liquids has also been measured using a liquid sample-specific electrochemical cell, which aids in the interpretation of the ionic liquid based greases.

Keywords [en]
grease, ionic liquid, electric conductivity, impedance spectroscopy
National Category
Other Mechanical Engineering
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-310122OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-310122DiVA, id: diva2:1646126
Note

QC 20220406

QC 20220406

QC 20220406

Available from: 2022-03-21 Created: 2022-03-21 Last updated: 2025-02-14Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. Sustainable Lubrication and Tribotronics enabled by Ionic Materials
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Sustainable Lubrication and Tribotronics enabled by Ionic Materials
2022 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Developments in machine design play a crucial role in the global endeavor towards sustainability. The potential for energy conservation and emission reduction has pushed lubrication research to the forefront, with the lubricant considered to be a vital machine component. As a result of the need for high machine efficiency and longevity, as well as that of greener lubricants, ionic liquids (ILs) are gaining attention for lubrication applications, especially in combination with biodegradable oils. ILs also present a unique opportunity for developing active lubrication, tribotronic systems. To make them an industrially viable option, however, an in-depth understanding of IL lubrication behavior is required. In this doctoral work, investigations of the tribologically relevant ionic boundary films formed by non-halogenated ILs dispersed in a carrier medium (polar solvent or bio-oil) were conducted using a variety of tribological techniques and neutron reflectance. The effect of external actuation by electric potential on the extent, ionic composition, and tribological relevance of the interfacial boundary films was also studied. The results revealed that the ionic architecture and the condition of IL in the oil play an important role in defining the lubricity of the adsorbed boundary films. Clear electroresponsivity was also observed across methods, with the relative concentration of cations and anions in the interfacial film and the lubricating film thickness changing with the electric potential bias. It was established that the anions, playing an anchor role on the surface, are crucial for the formation of robust load-carrying boundary films. A methodology using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was developed for measuring and characterizing the electric conductivity of complex lubricating greases with ionic and non-ionic additives. According to these measurements, the electrical characteristics of greases depend on the interactions of IL with the grease matrix. Overall, this work contributes towards the development of sustainable lubrication and tribotronic systems using ILs.

Abstract [sv]

Utvecklingen inom ämnesområdet maskinkonstruktion spelar en avgörande roll i den globala strävan mot hållbarhet. Potentialer för energibesparing och utsläppsminskningar har drivit på forskningen om smörjmedel och smörjmedlet anses idag vara ett viktigt maskinelement. Som ett resultat av behovet av hög verkningsgrad, lång livslängd samt miljövänligare smörjmedel, har jonvätskor (eng. Ionic Liquids) fått uppmärksamhet inom smörjtillämpningar, särskilt i kombination med biologiskt nedbrytbara oljor. Jonvätskor ger även en unik möjlighet att utveckla tribotroniska system för aktiv smörjning. För att göra dem industriellt gångbara krävs dock en djupgående förståelse för jonvätskors smörjegenskaper. Inom ramen för detta doktorandprojekt genomfördes undersökningar av de smörjfilmer som bildas i kontakters gränssnitt av icke-halogenerade jonvätskor dispergerade i ett polärt lösningsmedel eller en bioolja. En mängd olika tribologiska mätinstument, bland annat neutronreflektans, användes i projektet. Smörjfilmens egenskaper under inverkan av en extern aktivering via en elektrisk potential studerades även genom att mäta filmtjocklek, jonsammansättning samt tribologisk relevans i gränsskikten. Resultaten visade att den joniska arkitekturen och tillståndet för jonvätskan i oljan spelar en viktig roll för att definiera smörjförmågan hos de adsorberade gränsfilmerna. Tydliga reaktioner på en pålagd elektrisk potential observerades genom att mäta förändringar av den relativa koncentrationen av katjoner och anjoner i gränssnittsfilmen samt smörjfilmens tjocklek. Det konstaterades att anjonerna, som fungerar som ankare på ytan, är avgörande för bildandet av robusta lastbärande gränsfilmer. En metodik som använder elektrokemisk impedansspektroskopi utvecklades för att mäta och karakterisera den elektriska ledningsförmågan hos komplexa smörjfetter med joniska och icke-joniska tillsatser. Enligt dessa mätningar beror fetters elektriska egenskaper på interaktionen mellan jonvätskan och fettmatrisen. Sammantaget bidrar detta arbete till utvecklingen av hållbara smörjmedel samt tribotroniska system där jonvätskor används.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Stockholm: KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 2022. p. 75
Series
TRITA-ITM-AVL ; 2022:9
Keywords
sustainable lubrication, ionic liquid, tribotronics, lubricating grease, neutron reflectance
National Category
Other Mechanical Engineering Mechanical Engineering Other Mechanical Engineering
Research subject
Machine Design
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-310124 (URN)978-91-8040-189-0 (ISBN)
Public defence
2022-04-27, Sal F3, https://kth-se.zoom.us/j/68200171393?pwd=M0dDV3dMWEhDaHN6L3FpeFJ3UlphUT09, Lindstedtsvägen 26-28, Stockholm, 09:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Available from: 2022-04-05 Created: 2022-03-28 Last updated: 2025-02-14Bibliographically approved

Open Access in DiVA

No full text in DiVA

Search in DiVA

By author/editor
Reddy, Akepati Bhaskar
By organisation
Machine Design (Dept.)Surface and Corrosion Science
Other Mechanical Engineering

Search outside of DiVA

GoogleGoogle Scholar

urn-nbn

Altmetric score

urn-nbn
Total: 245 hits
CiteExportLink to record
Permanent link

Direct link
Cite
Citation style
  • apa
  • ieee
  • modern-language-association-8th-edition
  • vancouver
  • Other style
More styles
Language
  • de-DE
  • en-GB
  • en-US
  • fi-FI
  • nn-NO
  • nn-NB
  • sv-SE
  • Other locale
More languages
Output format
  • html
  • text
  • asciidoc
  • rtf