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Variable-Speed Wind Turbine Control Designed for Coordinated Fast Frequency Reserves
KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Intelligent systems, Decision and Control Systems (Automatic Control).ORCID iD: 0000-0003-0656-7991
Tech Univ Denmark DTU, Dept Elect Engn, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark.;Denmark Res & Dev Vattenfall AB, S-16956 Solna Stockholm, Sweden..
KTH, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), Intelligent systems, Decision and Control Systems (Automatic Control).ORCID iD: 0000-0001-9940-5929
2022 (English)In: IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, ISSN 0885-8950, E-ISSN 1558-0679, Vol. 37, no 2, p. 1471-1481Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Modern power systems present low levels of inertia due to the growing shares of converter-interfaced generation. Consequently, renewable energy sources are increasingly requested to provide frequency support. In addition, due to the inertia loss, the requirements regarding frequency containment reserves (FCR) are becoming tough to meet with traditional units such as hydro, whose non-minimum phase (NMP) characteristic reduces the closed-loop stability margins. The shortcomings of traditional synchronous generation motivates new protocols for fast frequency reserves (FFR). In this work, we design a wind turbine (WT) model useful for FFR. It is shown that the dynamical shortcomings of the WT, in providing steady-power or slow FCR support, are suitably described by a first-order transfer function with a slow NMP zero. The WT model is tested in a 5-machine representation of the Nordic synchronous grid. It is shown that the NMP model is useful for designing a controller that coordinates FFR from wind with slow FCR from hydro turbines. By simulating the disconnection of a 1400 MW importing dc link in a detailed nonlinear model, it is shown that the wind-hydro combination not only satisfies the latest regulations, but also presents a smooth response avoiding overshoot and secondary frequency dips during frequency recovery.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) , 2022. Vol. 37, no 2, p. 1471-1481
Keywords [en]
Rotors, Power system dynamics, Frequency control, Turbines, Power system stability, Torque, Optimized production technology, Dynamic virtual power plant, FCR, FFR, frequency stability, hydro, nordic power system, wind power
National Category
Other Electrical Engineering, Electronic Engineering, Information Engineering
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-310547DOI: 10.1109/TPWRS.2021.3104905ISI: 000766686300058Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85113208886OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-310547DiVA, id: diva2:1649514
Note

QC 20220404

Available from: 2022-04-04 Created: 2022-04-04 Last updated: 2022-06-25Bibliographically approved

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Björk, JoakimJohansson, Karl H.

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