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Langmuir-Based Modeling Produces Steady Two-Dimensional Simulations of Capacitive Deionization via Relaxed Adsorption-Flow Coupling
KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Materials and Nanophysics. (Functional Materials Group)ORCID iD: 0000-0003-3081-8527
KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Applied Physics, Materials and Nanophysics. Center of Nanotechnology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia. (Functional Materials Group)ORCID iD: 0000-0002-0074-3504
2022 (English)In: Langmuir, ISSN 0743-7463, E-ISSN 1520-5827, Vol. 38, no 11, p. 3350-3359Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

The growing world population creates an ever-increasing demand for fresh drinkable water, and many researchers have discovered the emerging capacitive deionization (CDI) technique to be highly promising for desalination. Traditional modeling of CDI has focused on charge storage in electrical double layers, but recent studies have presented a dynamic Langmuir (DL) approach as a simple and stable alternative. We here demonstrate, for the first time, that a Langmuir-based approach can simulate CDI in multiple dimensions. This provides a new perspective of different physical pictures that could be used to describe the detailed CDI processes. As CDI emerges, effective modeling of large-scale and pilot CDI modules is becoming increasingly important, but such a modeling could also be especially complex. Leveraging the stability of the DL model, we propose an alternative fundamental approach based on relaxed adsorption-flow computations that can dissolve these complexity barriers. Literature data extensively validate the findings, which show how the Langmuir-based approach can simulate and predict how key changes in operational and structural conditions affect the CDI performance. Crucially, the method is tractable for simple simulations of large-scale and structurally complex systems. Put together, this work presents new avenues for approaching the challenges in modeling CDI. 

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
American Chemical Society (ACS) , 2022. Vol. 38, no 11, p. 3350-3359
National Category
Other Physics Topics
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-311547DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c02806ISI: 000778529600003PubMedID: 35257585Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85126636739OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-311547DiVA, id: diva2:1654892
Note

QC 20220429

Available from: 2022-04-29 Created: 2022-04-29 Last updated: 2022-11-25Bibliographically approved
In thesis
1. At the Mountains of Modeling: Multiscale Simulations of Desalination by Capacitive Deionization
Open this publication in new window or tab >>At the Mountains of Modeling: Multiscale Simulations of Desalination by Capacitive Deionization
2022 (English)Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

More than 2 billion people are living in water-scarce areas. Meanwhile, there are enormous amounts of water in the salty oceans. Capacitive deionization (CDI) rises to the challenge with electrochemical cells for desalinating the water. As the CDI field expands, modeling becomes an increasingly important part of the development landscape. Multiscale modeling could bring innovations from the material scale to pilot plants. 

The multiscale work in this thesis has been like climbing a mountain. At the start, we investigate the macroscopic device level. One milestone is the electrolytic-capacitor (ELC) model, which can simulate CDI process dynamics. Whereas previous 2D models were unsteady for a single CDIcell, the ELC model could accurately simulate stacks of over 100 cells at a fraction of the time. It also enables simulations of complex upscaled geometries, such as bipolar electrode stacks, ohmic charging, and asymmetric devices. Going up the mountain, the mesoscopic level reveals the local mechanisms behind the macroscopic behavior. One important stepping stone is the dynamic Langmuir (DL) model, which reveals how isotherm-based modeling can crease stable and tractable simulations. Also, developments in isotherm, double-layer, and circuit modeling make it possible to choose what model structures to lean on depending on the conditions. Near the top of the mountain, the microscopic level shows the fundamental atomic mechanisms behind the mesoscopic material properties. These investigations reveal a ladder mechanism of ion transport in crystals of Prussian blue analogs (PBA), meaning the cations climb frames formed by negative groups in the crystal structure.

In the end, we plant a flag by combining the developments from the journey into a complete multiscale model. That model demonstrated that we could predict CDI charging trends from the atomic structure of PBA electrodes. Having the full multiscale model also made it possible to backtrack and determine atomic-level mechanisms by comparing the output of different mechanism cases with macroscopic experiment data. The multiscale mountain is massive and has big potential. A dream is that future research will expand these concepts, in CDI and beyond.

Abstract [sv]

Över 2 miljarder människor lever i dag i områden med vattenbrist, samtidigt som det finns enorma mängder saltvatten i haven. Kapacitiv avjonisering (CDI) kan hantera detta genom avsaltning av vatten med hjälp av elektrokemiska celler. När CDI-fältet expanderar blir också modellering allt viktigare. Speciellt med multiskalemodellering finns möjligheten att driva innovationer från material till pilotanläggningar. 

Vårt jobb har varit som att klättra upp för ett berg. I den inledande delen undersökte vi den makroskopiska nivån, som handlar om hur avsaltningsenheterna fungerar. Ett viktigt steg för att simulera dynamiken i processen har varit utvecklingen av ELC modellen. Till skillnad från tidigare modeller som kunde vara instabila för en enda avsaltningscell så kunde ELC-modellen hantera travar med över 100 celler. Det gör det möjligt att simulera komplexa uppskalade strukturer, såsom bipolära elektroder, ohmsk laddning, och asymmetrisk design. Vidare upp i berget finns mesoskalan. Den visar på de lokala mekanismerna bakom det makroskopiska beteendet. En viktig del har varit den dynamiska Langmuir-modellen (DL), som har visat hur isotermbaserad modellering kan ge stabila och smidiga simuleringar. Utvecklingen i isoterm-, dubbellager-, och kretsmodeller gör det även möjligt att välja lämpliga metoder att stödja sig mot beroende på situation. Nära toppen av berget finns mikroskalan, som handlar om det atomära beteendet som bestämmer de mesoskopiska egenskaperna. Här har vi upptäckt en stegmekanism för jontransport i kristaller av berlinerblått. Detta innebär att katjoner klättar längs ramar som utgörs av negativa grupper i kristallstrukturen.

Slutligen hissar vi flaggan genom att kombinera resultaten från alla nivåer. Multiskalemodellen visar att vi kan förutsäga laddningstrender i CDI baserat på atomstrukturen i elektroden. Multiskalemodellen gjorde det också möjligt att gå baklänges och att identifiera mekanismer på mikroskala genom att beräkna den makroskopiska effekten av olika fall och jämföra med experimentella data. Multiskaleberget är massivt och har stor potential. En dröm är att framtida forskning ska utöka koncepten från den här avhandlingen, i CDI och vidare.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Stockholm: KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 2022. p. xvii + 203
Series
TRITA-SCI-FOU ; 2022:57
Keywords
Capacitive Deionization, Desalination, Modeling, Multiscale, Simulation, Avsaltning, Kapacitiv Avjonisering, Modellering, Multiskala, Simulering
National Category
Physical Chemistry
Research subject
Physics, Material and Nano Physics; Physics
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-321885 (URN)978-91-8040-409-9 (ISBN)
Public defence
2022-12-16, https://kth-se.zoom.us/j/8537018117, FB53 AlbaNova, Roslagstullsbacken 22, Stockholm, 13:00 (English)
Opponent
Supervisors
Funder
J. Gust. Richert stiftelse, 2020-00584Swedish Research Council, 2018-05387
Note

QC 221125

Available from: 2022-11-25 Created: 2022-11-25 Last updated: 2022-12-08Bibliographically approved

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Nordstrand, JohanDutta, Joydeep

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